南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2010年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題及詳解

2011年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題及詳解

2012年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題及詳解

2010年南開大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題及詳解

I.VocabularyandGrammar.(30points,1foreach.)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentence

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbest

completesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswer

Sheet.

1．ManyAmericansthinkanationalcommitteeshouldbeformedtodiscuss

_____toexistingmasstransitsystem.

A.alterations

B.alternations

C.attendants

D.alternatives

【答案】A

【解析】句意：許多美國人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)組建一個(gè)國家協(xié)會來討論對公共交

通系統(tǒng)的修改意見。alterations變更，修改。alternations間隔；輪流，交

替。attendants出席者；隨從。alternatives選擇；供選擇的東西。

2．Thankyouforapplyingforapositionwithourfirm.Wedonothaveany

openingsatthistime,butweshallkeepyourapplicationon_____fortwo

months.

A.pile

B.segment

C.sequence

D.file

【答案】D

【解析】句意：感謝您申請我們公司的職位。公司目前沒有職位空缺，

不過我們會將您的申請存檔兩個(gè)月。file文件；檔案。onfile存檔，記錄

下來備查。pile大量；一堆。segment部分；切片；部門；線段。

sequence序列；順序。

3．Theoxygenequipmentmadeitpossiblefortheclimberstorestandsleep

atveryhigh_____.

A.latitude

B.altitude

C.level

D.hemisphere

【答案】B

【解析】句意：氧氣機(jī)使登山者能夠在高海拔地區(qū)進(jìn)行休息和睡眠。

altitude高度；高處；海拔。latitude緯度，緯度地區(qū)。level水平；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

hemisphere半球。

4．Nowthe_____portcitynearthemouthofthemightyYangtzeRiveris

hopingtoleaveitsrecordofturmoilbehindandrenewitsstatusasthe

epicenterofChinesemodernization.

A.flapped

B.congested

C.dined

D.dictated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)位于長江附近的擁擠的港口城市期望能將曾

經(jīng)動亂的歷史拋在腦后，重新塑造中國現(xiàn)代化中心的地位。congest使充

滿；使擁塞。congested擁擠的。flap拍打；拍動。dine進(jìn)餐，用餐。

dictate命令；支配。

5．_____,hewouldnothaverecoveredsosoon.

A.Hadn’thebeentakengoodcareof

B.Hadhenotbeentakengoodcareof

C.Hadnothebeentakengoodcareof

D.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof

【答案】B

【解析】句意：假如沒有受到良好的照顧，他不會恢復(fù)的這么快。本題

考查虛擬語氣，對過去情況的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)如下：sb/sthwould/could/should

havedonesth,ifsth/sbhad(not)donesth，其中可以將had提前，其它語序

不變，構(gòu)成倒裝句。所以選B。

6．MorethanonethirdoftheChineseimmigrantsintheUnitedStateslivein

California,_____,inSanFrancisco.

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】句意：美國的中國移民中，三分之一的人居住在加利福尼亞

州，其中主要以舊金山為主。predominantly主要地；占主導(dǎo)地位地。

previously事先；以前。practically事實(shí)上；實(shí)用地。permanently永存

地；不變地。

7．Theveryessenceofcivillibertyconsistsintherightofeveryindividual

toclaimtheprotectionoflaws,_____hereceivesaninjury.

A.whenever

B.wherever

C.whereas

D.whichever

【答案】A

【解析】句意：公民自由的核心意義在與保證每個(gè)公民不論何時(shí)受到傷

害，都有權(quán)力尋求法律保護(hù)。whenever引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“無論

何時(shí)”，等于nomatterwhen。wherever無論在哪。whereas然而；反之。

whichever無論哪一個(gè)。B、C、D均不符合句意。

8．The_____ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceof

somephysicalaspectsinthelifestyleofthepeople.

A.implementation

B.manifestation

C.demonstration

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】句意：文化現(xiàn)象的外在表現(xiàn)形式通常是人們某些實(shí)際生活方式

的自然結(jié)果。manifestation外在表現(xiàn)；表現(xiàn)形式。implementation貫徹；

實(shí)施。demonstration示范；實(shí)證。expedition遠(yuǎn)征；探險(xiǎn)；考察。

9．The_____touristindustryhasbeenunpreparedfortheverylargenumber

ofvisitorswhoarenowcomingtoBritain.

A.recent-developing

B.recently-developed

C.recent-developing

D.recently-developing

【答案】D

【解析】句意：英國旅游業(yè)最近剛剛發(fā)展起來，還沒有準(zhǔn)備好迎接大量

來英游客。修飾形容詞應(yīng)該用副詞，取recent的副詞形式，排除A、C。

句中提到旅游業(yè)還沒有準(zhǔn)備好迎接游客，所以是正在發(fā)展，而不是已經(jīng)

發(fā)展完成，B項(xiàng)中developed表示已經(jīng)發(fā)展完成的，A項(xiàng)中developing表示

正在發(fā)展中，故選D。

10．Thetwinbrothersslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimming

poolwithouttheirparents’________.

A.command

B.conviction

C.consent

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】句意：雙胞胎兄弟沒有經(jīng)過父母同意便溜出房間，奔向游泳

池。consent同意；許可。command命令，控制；博得，贏得。

conviction定罪；堅(jiān)信，信服。compromise妥協(xié)；和解。

11．_____aboutthefoodintherestaurant,buthealsorefusedtopayforhis

meal.

A.Hedidnotonlycomplain

B.Notonlyhedidcomplain

C.Notonlydidhecomplain

D.Henotonlydidcomplain

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他不僅抱怨餐館的飯菜，還拒絕為飯菜買單。not

only…butalso…不僅……而且，其中notonly可以提到句首構(gòu)成倒裝，

倒裝的同時(shí)需要將分句的助動詞/be動詞提前，故選C。

12．Theprocessoffermentationis_____byaddingsugar.

A.furthered

B.precipitated

C.hurried

D.accelerated

【答案】D

【解析】句意：加糖可以提高發(fā)酵速度。accelerate使加速，加快。

further加深，增進(jìn)。precipitate使突然發(fā)生；使突然發(fā)生。hurry趕緊；匆

忙。

13．_____,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.

A.Althoughmuchhelikesher

B.Muchalthoughhelikesher

C.Ashelikeshermuch

D.Muchashelikesher

【答案】D

【解析】句意：本題考查讓步狀語從句，as、though都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀

語從句，但是只有as引導(dǎo)是從句可以倒裝，結(jié)構(gòu)是“形容詞/副詞+as+主

語+謂語動詞”，故選D。

14．Whendecimalcurrencywasintroduced,oneoldmaninthevillagesaid,

“Idon’tthinkitwill_____roundhere.”

A.catchup

B.catchout

C.catchon

D.catchin

【答案】C

【解析】句意：十進(jìn)制貨幣被引進(jìn)的時(shí)候，村里的一個(gè)老人說：“我認(rèn)

為它流行不起來?！眂atchon流行起來；理解，明白。catchup很快拾起；

纏住；趕上。catchout發(fā)覺；抓住某人的錯(cuò)處。catchin落入；陷于。

15．Thescientistcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_____hisarguments

infavorofthenewtheory.

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】句意：科學(xué)家很難找到足夠的依據(jù)來支撐自己關(guān)于新理論的觀

點(diǎn)。grounds（依據(jù)）是用來支撐arguments（觀點(diǎn)）的，這個(gè)意思如果

用動詞不定式表達(dá)，應(yīng)該為tobaseonfor，如果用從句表達(dá)，應(yīng)該是on

whichtobase，所以選D。

16．TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)_____ofwordswhichare

comparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.multitude

D.attitude

【答案】C

【解析】句意：英語中包含許多日常對話中相對很少用到的單詞。

multitude多數(shù)，眾多。altitude高度；高處；海拔。latitude緯度，緯度地

區(qū)。attitude態(tài)度。

17．Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftraining

andretrainingscheme,_____morewomentotakeadvantageofemployment

opportunities.

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】句意：隨著空閑時(shí)間越來越多，工作方式越來越靈活，以及培

訓(xùn)和再培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目的增多，越來越多的女性能夠把握到就業(yè)機(jī)會。主語

是“Thegrowthof…retrainingscheme”，“morewomen”是賓語，“totake

advantageofemploymentopportunities”是賓語補(bǔ)足語，句子缺少謂語動

詞，C項(xiàng)allowing是非謂語形式，故排除C。由于主語“thegrowth”是單數(shù)

形式，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，排除A、B，選D。

18．Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe_____

businessmeninhiscompany.

A.shrewdest

B.sternest

C.nastiest

D.alertest

【答案】A

【解析】句意：雖然他沒有受過正規(guī)教育，但卻是公司最精明的生意人

之一。shrewd精明的；機(jī)靈的。stern嚴(yán)厲的；堅(jiān)定的。nasty污穢的；險(xiǎn)

惡的。alert警覺的；留心的。

19．Theheartis_____intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyareboth

controlledbythebrain.

A.notso

B.muchmore

C.notmore

D.nomore

【答案】D

【解析】句意：心臟并不比胃聰明，因?yàn)樗麄兌际艽竽X的支

配。“than“的出現(xiàn)說明此處要用比較級，排除A。B項(xiàng)意思不符合句意。

nomore…than…是固定搭配，比起……來，并不……，排除C，選D。

20．NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcome

mostlyfrom_____onearththanbacteriaonMars.

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】句意：《科學(xué)》雜質(zhì)上的一篇論文認(rèn)為，巖石中的有機(jī)化學(xué)物

大多是地球上的污染物而非火星上的細(xì)菌所產(chǎn)生的。contamination污

染；致污物。configuration結(jié)構(gòu)；配置。constitution憲法；體質(zhì)；構(gòu)造。

condemnation批評責(zé)難；（罪的）宣告。

21．Severaldecadesago,wealthypeoplelikedhuntingwildanimalsforfun

_____sightseeing.

A.ratherthantogo

B.morethangoing

C.otherthangoing

D.thantogo

【答案】B

【解析】句意：幾十年前，相當(dāng)于觀光旅行，富人們更喜歡從打獵中獲

取樂趣。這里把huntingwildanimals和goingsightseeing進(jìn)行了對比，所

以要用比較級，主體結(jié)構(gòu)是like…morethan…。所以選B.

22．Tensofthousandsofdiplomats,scientists,ecologistsand_____

hangers-onareexpectedtogatherindozensofauditoriumsfornearly400

officialandunofficialevents.

A.assorted

B.obedient

C.inaccessible

D.coarse

【答案】A

【解析】句意：數(shù)百萬的外交家、科學(xué)家、生態(tài)學(xué)家和各式各樣的追隨

者將聚集在幾十個(gè)會堂中參加近四百項(xiàng)官方和非官方的活動。assorted

組合的；各式各樣的。obedient服從的；孝順的。inaccessible難接近

的；難達(dá)成的。coarse粗糙的；粗俗的。

23．Asmyfatherisnot_____withthelanguage,hehasaskedmetoassume

theroleofprivatesecretaryandmeetyouonhisbehalf.

A.lounged

B.logged

C.acquainted

D.omitted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：由于我父親不太熟悉這門語言，他要我擔(dān)任他的私人秘

書，代表他與您會面。acquaint使了解，使熟知。beacquaintedwith熟

悉……。lounge閑蕩；懶洋洋地躺臥；虛度光陰。伐（木）；log把……

記入航海日志。omit省略；遺漏。

24．—“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Cooperatthreeo’clockthisFriday

afternoon?”

—“I’msorry.Mr.Cooper_____toaconferencelongbeforethen.”

A.willhavegone

B.hadhavegone

C.wouldhavegone

D.hasgone

【答案】A

【解析】句意：“我可以在本周五下午三點(diǎn)同你的經(jīng)理Cooper先生通話

嗎？”“不好意思，Cooper先生在那之前將去參加一個(gè)會議?！边@里考察

將來完成時(shí)的用法，結(jié)構(gòu)為willhavedone…，故選C。

25．Confucianismhasevolvedintoacultureofrationalistictraditionalism,a

combinationoftraditional_____andgroupvirtueswithapragmatismshaped

bytheconditionsofanewcompetitiveenvironment.

A.helm

B.assault

C.filial

D.derivation

【答案】C

【解析】句意：儒教已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一種理性的傳統(tǒng)文化，它將傳統(tǒng)的孝

道、集體美德同新的競爭環(huán)境下形成的實(shí)用主義結(jié)合在一起。filial孝

順。helm舵。assault攻擊，襲擊。derivation由來，出處。

26．Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial_____toits

burningtemperature.

A.isheated

B.willbeheated

C.beheated

D.wouldbeheated

【答案】C

【解析】句意：燃燒的一個(gè)要求是材料的溫度達(dá)到著火點(diǎn)。表示“命

令”、“要求”等意思的詞，如文中的“requirements”引導(dǎo)的賓語從句或表

語從句，從句謂語動詞用原形。

27．Afteryearsofnegotiation,aninternationalagreementtoconserve_____

speciesandecosystemshasfinallybeenchanged.

A.ventilated

B.imperiled

C.utilized

D.modified

【答案】B

【解析】句意：通過多年的談判，終于完成了對一項(xiàng)關(guān)于保護(hù)瀕危物種

和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的國際協(xié)約的修訂。ventilated通風(fēng)的。imperiled處于危險(xiǎn)中

的。utilized被利用的。modified修改的，變更的。

28．NobodysawtheCEOattheseminar;he_____atit

A.couldn’thavespoken

B.couldn’tspeak

C.mustn’thavespoken

D.shouldn’thavespoken

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在研討會上，沒有人看到CEO，所以他不可能去參加了

研討會。couldn’tdosth，不可能做某事（很有把握的猜測），由于句中

表示的是對過去情況的猜測，所以用couldn’thavedone結(jié)構(gòu)，選A。

29．Thesepictureswillshowyou_____.

A.whatdoesourhigh-techincubatorlooklike

B.whatourhigh-techincubatorlookslike

C.howdoesourhigh-techincubatorlooklike

D.howourhigh-techincubatorlookslike

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這些照片向我們展示了高科技保溫箱的模樣。

對“是……樣子”提問方式為“Whatdo(es)sthlooklike”，排除C、D。賓

語從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語序，排除A。故選B。

30．WithSchindler’sList,thetruestoryofaGermanbusinessmanwho

savedmorethan1O00JewsduringtheHolocaust,StevenAllanSpielberg

appearsdeterminedtoprovethathecanmakeamoviethatwill_____all

expectations.

A.fallshortof

B.liveupto

C.runcontraryto

D.getoutof

【答案】B

【解析】通過電影“辛德勒的名單”，史蒂芬·斯皮爾伯格證明他可以制

作一個(gè)滿足所有人期待的電影?！靶恋吕盏拿麊巍敝v述的是一個(gè)德國商人

在大屠殺中挽救了一千個(gè)猶太人性命的故事。liveupto符合，不辜負(fù)。

fallshortof達(dá)不到，未達(dá)到。runcontraryto違反；背道而馳。

II.ReadingComprehension(40points)

SectionOne:Readandmakethebestchoice(20points,2foreach)

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

fivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,C,D.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthen

markthecorrespondingontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Intermsofpurequantityofresearchanddebate,businessschoolshave

performedamazinglyinpromotingmanagementasadistinctiveactivity.No

otherdisciplinehasproducedasmuchinsuchashortperiod.Itisunclearyet

howmuchofitwillstandthetestoftime,butforsheerindustry,thebusiness

schooldeservecredit.Notadaygoesbywithoutanotherwaveofresearch

papers,books,articles,andjournals.

Intheseterms,schoolshaveproducedagenerallyacceptedtheoreticalbasis

formanagement.Whenitcomestoknowledgecreation,however,theyfind

themselvesindifficulties.Theyarecaughtbetweentheneedforacademic

rigourandforreal-worldbusinessrelevance,whichtendtopullinopposite

directions.Thedesiretoestablishmanagementasacredibledisciplineleads

toresearchthatpanderstotraditionalacademiccriteria.Theproblemfor

businessschoolresearchersisthattheyseektheapprovaloftheiracademic

peersratherthanthebusinesscommunity.IntheUnitedStatesthishasledto

thesortofgrand‘paperclipcounting’exercisesthatmeetdemandsfor

academicrigourbutfailtoaddoneiotatotherealsumofhumanknowledge.

Businessschoolshavetoooftenallowedtheconstraintsoftheacademic

worldtocloudtheirviewoftherealworld.Businessschoolresearchersseek

provabletheories—ratherthanhelpfultheories.Theyhavechampioneda

prescriptiveapproachtomanagementbasedonanalysisand,morerecently,

onfashionableideasthatsoondisappearintotheether.The‘onebestway’

approachencouragesresearcherstomouldtheidiosyncrasiesofmanagerial

realityintotheirtightlydefinedmodelsofbehaviour.Figuresandstatistics

arefittedintolinearequationsandtidymodels.Economistsandothersocial

scientistslabelthiscuresmoothing.Meanwhile,realitycontinuallyrefusesto

co-operate.

Centraltothisisthetensionbetweenrelevanceandrigour.Inaperfectworld,

therewouldbenoneedtochoosebetweenthetwo.Butinthebusinessschool

world,theneedtosatisfyacademiccriteriaandbepublishedinjournalsoften

tiltsthebalanceawayfromrelevance.Inotherwords,itisofteneasierto

pursuequantifiableobjectivesthanitistoaddanythingusefultothedebate

aboutmanagement.Toalargeextent,theentirebusinessschoolsystem

worksagainstuseful,knowledge-creatingresearch.Academicshavefive

yearsinwhichtoprovethemselvesiftheyaretomaketheacademicgrade.It

seemslongenough.Butitcantaketwooreventhreeyearstogetintoa

suitablejournal.Theythereforehavearoundthreeyears,probablyless,to

comeupwithanareaofinterestandcarryoutmeaningfulandoriginal

research.Thisisademandingtimescale.Thetemptationmustbetosliceup

olddatainnewwaysratherthanpursuegenuinelygroundbreaking,

innovativeresearch.

Itisacriticismalsomadebysomebusinessschoolinsiders.“Academic

journalstendtofindmoreandmoretechniquesfortestingmoreandmore

obscuretheories.Theyareaskingtrivialquestionsandansweringthem

exactly.Therehastobeabacklash,”saysJulianBirkinshawofLondon

BusinessSchool.Inlargepart,theproblemgoesbacktoatimewhen

businessschoolsweretryingtoestablishthemselves.Upuntilthe1960s,

Americanbusinessschoolsweredismissedaspseudo-academicinstitutions,

includingtheuniversitiesofwhichtheyoftenformedapart,regardedthemas

alittlemorethanvocationalcolleges.Sincethen,mostoftheleadingschools

haveundergonemajorreassessmentsandintroducedsweepingchanges.

However,itisquestionablewhetherthosechangeshavegonefarenough.

1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphsuggestabouttheresearchgeneratedby

businessschools?

A.Itsqualityisvariable.

B.Itslastingvalueisuncertain.

C.Ithasalwaysbeenproducedtooquickly.

D.Ithashadnoinfluenceonmanagement.

2．Inparagraphtwo,thewriterarguesthatbusinessschoolresearch_____.

A.takesanegativeviewofthebusinesscommunity

B.hasfailedtogivecredibilitytomanagementasadiscipline

C.isdirectedatthewrongaudience

D.doesnotstanduptoacademicscrutiny

3．Inthesecondparagraph,thewritercriticizesthetheoriesofmanagement

producedbybusinessschoolsforbeing_____.

A.incomprehensible

B.contradictory

C.vague

D.inflexible

4．Inthethirdparagraph,thewritersaysthatthebusinessschoolsystem

causesacademicsto_____.

A.besatisfiedwithreinterpretingpreviousresearch

B.avoidcomplicatedbusinessissues

C.concentrateonverynarrowfieldsofstudy

D.focusontopicsnolongerrelevanttobusinessneeds

5．Whatdowelearnaboutbusinessschoolsinthelastparagraph?

A.Theyarereluctanttoadmittofailings.

B.Theyresentcriticismoftheiracademicjournal.

C.Theyusedtobelookeddownonbyotherinstitutions.

D.Theyarecomfortablewiththecurrentsituation.

【答案與解析】

1．B句意：第一段中，作者認(rèn)為商業(yè)學(xué)校進(jìn)行的研究是否具有長期意

義，這一點(diǎn)還不確定。第一段第三句指出“Itisunclearyethowmuchofit

willstandthetestoftime”，即這些研究成果能否經(jīng)得起時(shí)間考驗(yàn)還不確

定，故選B。

2．C句意：在第二段中，作者認(rèn)為商業(yè)學(xué)校的研究選錯(cuò)了觀眾。第二

段第五句“Theproblemforbusinessschoolresearchersisthattheyseekthe

approvaloftheiracademicpeersratherthanthebusinesscommunity.”，指

出商業(yè)學(xué)校追求學(xué)術(shù)同行的認(rèn)可，而非商界的認(rèn)可，意思是他們選錯(cuò)了

受眾，故選C。

3．D句意：第二段中，作者批評商業(yè)學(xué)校研究出的管理理論因循守

舊。第二段第四句中，作者指出商業(yè)學(xué)校為了把管理學(xué)建設(shè)成一個(gè)完整

的學(xué)科體系，而迎合傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以是死板、不靈活的，選D。

4．B句意：第三段中，作者指出商業(yè)學(xué)校體系導(dǎo)致學(xué)術(shù)研究遠(yuǎn)離復(fù)雜

的商業(yè)問題。第三段第二句，作者認(rèn)為商業(yè)學(xué)校專注于可以證明的理

論，并在第三句中指出他們的研究的基于分析和暫時(shí)出現(xiàn)的流行現(xiàn)象，

倒數(shù)第三句指出“Figuresandstatisticsarefittedintolinearequationsand

tidymodels.”，這些都說明他們分析的是簡單的問題，而避免研究復(fù)雜

問題。

5．C我們可以從最后一段得出，商業(yè)學(xué)校曾經(jīng)受到其他機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視。

最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“…Americanbusinessschoolsweredismissedas

pseudo-academicinstitutions…regardedthemasalittlemorethanvocational

colleges.”，可以得出商業(yè)學(xué)校曾被認(rèn)為是“偽科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)”、“比職業(yè)院校

稍好一點(diǎn)”，故選C。

PassageTwo

Globalwarmingwasonceanuncommontermusedbyafewscientistswho

weregrowingconcernedovertheeffectsofdecadesofpollutiononlong-term

weatherpatterns.Today,theideaofglobalwarmingiswellknown,ifnot

wellunderstood.Itisnotunusualtohearsomeonecomplainingaboutahot

dayorafreakstormandremark,“It’sglobalwarming.”

GlobalwarmingisasignificantincreaseintheEarth’sclimatictemperature

overarelativelyshortperiodoftimeasaresultoftheactivitiesofhumans.

Inspecificterms,anincreaseof1ormoredegreesCelsiusinaperiodofone

hundredtotwohundredyearswouldbeconsideredglobalwarming.Overthe

courseofasinglecentury,anincreaseofeven0.4degreesCelsiuswouldbe

significant.

Mostscientistsrecognizethatglobalwarmingdoesseemtobehappening,

butafewdon’tbelievethatitisanythingtobeworriedabout.These

scientistssaythattheEarthismoreresistanttoclimatechangesonthisscale

thanwethink.Plantsandanimalswilladapttosubtleshiftsinweather

patterns,anditisunlikelyanythingcatastrophicwillhappenasaresultof

globalwarming.Slightlylongergrowingseasons,changesinprecipitation

levelsandstrongerweather,intheiropinion,arenotgenerallydisastrous.

Theyalsoarguethattheeconomicdamagecausedbycuttingdownonthe

emissionofgreenhousegaseswillbefarmoredamagingtohumansthanany

oftheeffectsofglobalwarming.

Inaway,thescientificconsensusmaybeamootpoint.Therealpowerto

enactsignificantchangerestsinthehandsofthosewhomakenationaland

globalpolicy.SomepolicymakersintheUnitedStatesarereluctantto

proposeandenactchangesbecausetheyfeelthecostsmayoutweighany

risksglobalwarmingposes.Somecommonconcerns,claimsandcomplaints

include:AchangeintheUnitedStates’policiesinemissionsandcarbon

productioncouldresultinalossofjobs;IndiaandChina,bothofwhich

continuetorelyheavilyoncoalfortheirmainsourceofenergy,willcontinue

tocauseenvironmentalproblemseveniftheUnitedStateschangesitsenergy

policies(criticsofthesepolicymakerspointoutthatthisapproachemploys

thetuquoquelogicalfallacy);Sincescientificevidenceisaboutprobabilities

ratherthancertainties,wecan’tbecertainthathumanbehavioris

contributingtoglobalwarming,thatourcontributionissignificant,orthatwe

candoanythingtofixit;Technologywillfindawaytogetusoutofthe

globalwarmingmess,soanychangeinourpolicieswillultimatelybe

unnecessaryandcausemoreharmthangood.

What’sthecorrectanswer?Itcanbehardtofigureout.Mostscientistswill

tellyouthatglobalwarmingisrealandthatitislikelytodosomekindof

harm,buttheextentoftheproblemandthedangerposedbyitseffectsare

wideopenfordebate.

Thoughscientistswarnthatglobalwarmingwilllikelycontinueforcenturies

becauseofthelongnaturalprocessesinvolved,thereareafewthingswecan

dotodecreasetheeffects.Basically,theyallboildowntothis:Don’tuseas

muchofthestuffthatcreatesgreenhousegases.Onalocallevel,youcan

helpbyusinglessenergy.Theelectricitythatoperatesmanyofthedevicesin

ourhomescomesfromapowerplant,andmostpowerplantsburnfossilfuels

togeneratethatpower.Turnofflightswhenthey’renotinuse.Takeshorter

showerstouselesshotwater.Useafaninsteadofanairconditionerona

warmday.

Herearesomeotherspecificwaysyoucanhelpdecreasegreenhouse-gas

emissions:Makesureyourcarisproperlytunedup.Thisallowsittorun

moreefficientlyandgeneratefewerharmfulgases;Walkorrideyourbikeif

possible,orcarpoolonyourwaytowork.Carsburnfossilfuel,sosmaller,

morefuel-efficientcarsemitlessCO2,particularlyhybridcars;Turnlights

andotherappliancesoffwhenyou’renotusingthem.Eventhoughalight

bulbdoesn’tgenerategreenhousegas,thepowerplantthatgeneratesthe

electricityusedbythelightbulbprobablydoes.Switchfromincandescent

lightbulbstofluorescentbulbs,whichuselessenergyandlastlonger;

Recycle.Garbagethatdoesn’tgetrecycledendsupinalandfill,generating

methane.Recycledgoodsalsorequirelessenergytoproducethanproducts

madefromscratch;Planttreesandotherplantswhereyoucan.Plantstake

carbondioxideoutoftheairandreleaseoxygen.Don’tburngarbage.This

releasescarbondioxideandhydrocarbonsintotheatmosphere.

Toreallystemtheemissionofgreenhousegases,weneedtodevelopnon-

fossilfuelenergysources.Hydro-electricpower,solarpower,hydrogen

enginesandfuelcellscouldallcreatebigcutsingreenhousegasesifthey

weretobecomemorecommon.

Attheinternationallevel,theKyototreatywaswrittentoreduceCO2and

othergreenhousegasemissionsworldwide.Thirty-fiveindustrializednations

havecommittedtoreducingtheiroutputofthosegasestovaryingdegrees.

Unfortunately,theUnitedStates,theworld’sprimaryproducerofgreenhouse

gases,didnotsignthetreaty.

InMarch,2007,formerVicePresidentAlGoretestifiedinfrontofCongress

andurgedthemtomakesomeverychallengingchangesinnationalpolicy.

Theseinclude:Freezecarbonproductionatthecurrentlevelandcreate

programstoreducecarbonproductionby90percentby2050;Shifttaxation

fromemploymentandproductiontoataxationuponpollution;Createan

internationaltreatythatwouldeffectivelycomplywiththeKyototreaty

withoutcarryingthesameperceivedpoliticalbaggage;Halttheconstruction

ofallnewcoal-basedpowerfacilitiesunlesstheycomplywithrestrictionson

carbonproduction;Increaseemissionstandardsacrosstheboardforboththe

automobileindustryandpowerfacilities;Banincandescentlightbulbs.Gore

admitsthatthedecisiontoenacttheseandotherproposedresponsestoglobal

warmingcanbedifficult.Healsosaysthatclimatechangeisnotjustacrisis,

butthemostimportantcrisismankindhaseverfaced.

6．Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthoragreewith?

A.Itisacommonbeliefinthescientificspherethatglobalwarmingwill

bringaboutsignificantresultontheplanetearth.

B.Itisresearchfindingsthatwillcontributemostlytotheeaseofglobal

warming.

C.Oneofthesolutionsforreducingglobalwarmingistoadoptthelandfill

forgarbagedisposal.

D.Thecitizenryshouldcooperateandcoordinatewellsoastofightagainst

globalwarming.

7．Theauthorcitedtheexampleoftheprobableresultforthechangeof

policyintheUnitedStates(paragraph5)inorderto_____.

A.indicatetheimpactforthealterationinUSpolicycanbesevere

B.pointoutthedifferenceinpoliciesadoptedinUSandthatinChinaand

India

C.explainwhythereareobstaclesintakingsomemeasuresagainstglobal

warming

D.convincethereadersitistooexpensivetostoptheglobalwarming

8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

A.Globalwarminginvolvesalongprocesswhichwillcontinueforcenturies,

andwecandosomethingtodecreaseitseffects.

B.Developingcountriesareproducingmoreglobalwarmingthanthe

developedworld.

C.Variousnaturalphenomenasuchassolarradiationandvolcanoes

producedmostofthewarming.

D.Anincreaseinglobaltemperaturewillcausesealevelstoriseandwill

changetheamountandpatternofprecipitation,probablyincludingexpansion

ofsubtropicaldeserts.

9．Allofthefollowingarementionedinthispassageassolutionsemployed

inhaltingglobalwarmingEXCEPT______.

A.plantasmanyplantsaspossible

B.parkthecarhalfwayandthentakeawalktoyouroffice

C.useenergy-efficientappliancesratherthanthenormalones

D.turnoffalltheapplianceswhentheyarenotworking

10．WhatistrueofthenewinternationaltreatyproposedinAlGore’s

speech?

A.Itwillbearthesignatureofthirty-fiveindustrializednationswhohave

committedtoreducingtheiroutputofthosegasestovaryingdegrees.

B.ItisrevisedonthebasisofKyotoTreaty,whichmainlydealswithCO2

andgreenhousegasemission.

C.CertainarticlesintheKyotoTreatywillnotappearinthisnewtreatyto

easepoliticalburden.

D.Itisdifficulttobeverifiedduetothecurrentmethodsforestimating

greenhousegasemissions.

【答案與解析】

6．D第四段第一句，作者指出科學(xué)界對全球變暖仍為達(dá)成共識，排除

A。第五段第二句，說明緩解全球變暖的真正權(quán)力掌握在政策制定者手

中，排除B。倒數(shù)第四段提到“Garbagethatdoesn’tgetrecycledendsupin

alandfill,generatingmethane.”，指的是垃圾可以用來制造沼氣，C項(xiàng)不

符合原文。文中作者介紹了許多可以全民參與的方法來緩解全球變暖趨

勢，說明作者支持公民參與合作共同對抗這一問題，D項(xiàng)正確。

7．C句意：作者列舉了美國政策變化可能引起的一些結(jié)果是為了說明

對抗全球變暖面臨著很多阻礙。第五段第四句中，作者指出政策變化可

能引起的后果有失業(yè)等，這些不好的后果導(dǎo)致美國不想改變政策，也就

使對抗全球變暖面臨阻礙。

8．A句意：文章暗示全球變暖是一個(gè)將持續(xù)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的長期過程，我

們可以采取一些措施來減輕它的危害。參見文章第七段第一句。

9．B參見文章第四段?！癙lanttreesandotherplantswhereyoucan

smaller…”，故A項(xiàng)符合原文?！啊璵orefuel-efficientcarsemitless

CO2…”，故C項(xiàng)符合原文?！癟urnlightsandotherappliancesoffwhen

you’renotusingthem.”，故D項(xiàng)也符合原文。選B。

10．B參見最后一段第二句子“…Createaninternationaltreatythatwould

effectivelycomplywiththeKyototreaty…”，故選B。

SectionTwo:Readandanswerquestion(20points,4foreachquestion)

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

twoorthreequestions.Youshouldwriteyouranswertothequestionsonthe

AnswerSheet.

Passageone

In1762,Rousseau1publishedhisbookEmile,whichshookeducationtoits

veryfoundations.

Rousseaulaunchedthemoderneraofschooling,teaching,andlearning.

Beginningwithhiseducationalinsightsandfollowingwithpractices

developedbyJohannPestalozzi,educationshiftedtoawholenewsetof

assumptions.Trulywecouldsaythatmanbegantothinkofeducationfrom

thebottomup.Withthebeliefthatmanisbasicallygood,educationwasno

longerseenasaninstrumenttodisciplinethewill,suppresstheanimal

appetites,orsaveaworthlesssoul.Withthebeliefthatchildrendonotlearn

likeadults,thecontent,sequence,andapproachtosubjectmatterchanged.

Withanewappreciationforhowpeoplelearncame3anewappreciationfor

elementaryeducationandtheprofessionaltrainingofelementaryteachers.

Withtheriseofsuffrageandconcernforthecommonmancamethenotion

thatpracticaleducationcouldprovidesocialandeconomicopportunity.

Educationcouldalsohelpputmanincontrolofhisowndestiny.Inshort,

educationwasseentobeginatthebottom,basedonthenaturalandsocial

realitiesoftheworld.Manandhispracticalconcernswerethenewstarting

pointsintheeducationalquest.

IntheSocialContract4Rousseaueloquentlyexpressedhisbeliefthatmanis

naturallybornnobleandfree.Societyisartificial.Equalityandlibertyarethe

naturalrightsofman.

ForRousseautheproperconventionorsocialcontractwouldbeone5that

wouldpreservethenaturalrightstolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.

Asocietyhastherighttooverthrowanyleader,government,orexternal

powerthatviolatesthisdem