建筑項目招投標外文翻譯文獻

建筑項目招投標外文翻譯文獻建筑項目招投標外文翻譯文獻(文檔含中英文對照即英文原文和中文翻譯)BuildingengineeringbiddingYangCaoa,*,ShuhuaWangb,HengLiaaDepartmentofBuildingandRealEstate,HongKongPolytechnicUniversity,HongKong,ChinabStateKeyLaboratoryofNovelSoftwareTechnology,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,ChinaAbstractNowadaysintheengineeringconstructionindustry,themarketwhichischaracteristicforprojectbidding,hasformed.Theconstructioncompanies,whichwanttocreategoodbenefits,havetocontroltheircostandimprovemanagementtoenhancethecapacityofadaptingandcompetinginthismarket.Thisarticlefocusesonhowtodecreasecostandincreaseincomesoastocontroltheconstructioncosteffectively.biddingdocumentsshouldbewellformulated,whichistheimprotmenttoasuccessfulbiddinganddirectinfluencethesuccessorfailureofthebiddingwork.Becasuethesuccessorfailureofthebiddingforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofenterprisehasadirectimpact,sowehaveahighquality,improvethebiddocumentsoftheunit,preventinvalidandsuccessfulpassmarkappear,becomearesearchtopic.[key]:biddingdrawbacksofunfaircompetitioncountermeasuresBiddingisaformofprojecttransactions,projectbiddingprocessistodeterminethesuccessfulbidderandthecostoftheprocessandthepriceoftheproject,projectbiddingworkofaveryimportantlink,doagoodjobbiddingtodeterminetheprice,wecaneffectivelycontrolconstructioncosts,andcreateafairandequitablemarketenvironment,createorderlycompetitionmechanism.Biddinginconstructionactivities,constructionenterprisesinordertotenderinvincibleworkstobesuccessful,Andfromthecontractedprojectsprofitable,itneedstointegratevarioussubjectiveandobjectiveconditions,thetenderresearchstrategydeterminetender.Tenderbiddingstrategy,includingpricingstrategiesandskills.Allofthestrategiesandskillsfromthenumerouscontractorsbiddingontheaccumulatedexperienceandobjectiveunderstandingofthelawandoftheactualsituationunderstanding,butalsowiththecontractor'sdecision-makingabilityandcouragearecloselyrelated.Biddingdocumentsisthegeneralprogrammeandplaybookofthebiddingactivitythroughtheprocessofbidding.ThebiddingdocumentswillspecifythatHowtoconducteachbiddingwork,howtodispatchbiddingdocuments,therequirementsfortenderer,howtorateanddecidebiddingandtheproceduresofbidding.Therefore,thepersonnelwhoisresponsibleforpreparebiddingdocumentsshouldfirsthaveageneralviewofthebiddingwork,includealltherequirementsandarrangementsintothebiddingdocuments.Ifmeetproblemsthathavenotbeenconsideredpreviously,thenresolvethemonebyoneduringthepreparation.Thecourseofbiddingdocumentspreparationisalsothecourseofmakingbiddingscheme.Inanotherrespect,biddingdocumentsisalsothelegalinstuments.Besidesrelevantlawandrules,thebiddingdocumentsarethecommongamerulesthatbidder,biddingagentandtenderershouldsubjecttothroughthebidding.Biddingdocumentsarethelegalinstumentsthatallthethreebiddingrelatedpartiesshouldsubjectto,havelegalforce,therefore,thebiddingdocuments-makingpersonnelrequiredtohavetheawarenessandqualityofleagalinordertoreflectthefair,justandlegalrequirementinthebiddingdocuments.InbuildingengineeringbiddinglawenforcementandthepracticeofprojectconstructionsupervisionsystemonstandardizingChina'sconstructionmarket,improvetheconstructionqualityandplayedanactiverole.Butintheprocessofimplementingexistsomedisadvantages,needstoperfect,enrichandimprove.ThisprojectbiddingdocumentsinaccordancewiththebiddinglawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaforbidders,biddingregulation,enterprisestrictly,putforwardtobiddersprofessionalrequirementsofprojectprofilewasillustrated.Nowadaysintheengineeringconstructionindustry,themarketwhichischaracteristicforprojectbidding,hasformed.Theconstructioncompanies,whichwanttocreategoodbenefits,havetocontroltheircostandimprovemanagementtoenhancethecapacityofadaptingandcompetinginthismarket.Thisarticlefocusesonhowtodecreasecostandincreaseincomesoastocontroltheconstructioncosteffectively.InbuildingengineeringbiddinglawenforcementandthepracticeofprojectconstructionsupervisionsystemonstandardizingChina'sconstructionmarket,improvetheconstructionqualityandplayedanactiverole.Butintheprocessofimplementingexistsomedisadvantages,needstoperfect,enrichandimprove.ThisprojectbiddingdocumentsinaccordancewiththebiddinglawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaforbidders,biddingregulation,enterprisestrictly,putforwardtobiddersprofessionalrequirementsofprojectprofilewasillustrated.Thepracticeofprojectbiddingpurposeistomarketcompetitionofopenness,fairnessandjustice.However,duetotheconstructionmarketdevelopmentisnotstandard,managementsystemandtheexperienceofinadequate,architecturalengineeringbiddinginconcreteoperationexistinACTSofunfaircompetition,andsomedrawbacks.Thisobviouslyviolatethebidding,thebiddingprocess,andwillloseitssignificanceforotherbidderfailstobidisunjust,disturbedthebidding(projectcontractingmarketeconomicorder,foractivities),thiskindofbehaviormustbeprohibited,onlyinthiswaycanwemakeconstructionengineeringcompetitivetradingactivitylawfullyhealthy.ThissubjectwillIlearnedandsocialpractice,presentsituationandconstructionprojectbiddingsystemisexpounded,andthedisadvantagesofbiddingforconstructionprojectwithACTSofunfaircompetitionphenomenonandanalysisofcauses,andfinallymakecorrespondingpreventivecountermeasures.Constructioncostmanagementsystem,boththeoreticaldiscussion,butalsoneedtopracticeinnovation.Undertheconditionsofmarketeconomy,projectcostmanagement,competitiveandorderlymarketforconstructionmanagementservicesplatformstructures.Insuchapremise,theoriginalscaleandmethodofvaluationisinappropriate,andthisneedstobereformedandimproved.Thespiritof"thegovernment'smacroregulationandcontrol,enterpriseautonomyoffer,themarketwillprice"principle,toimplementtheimplementationspecificationbillofquantity.InventoryValuationbiddingactivitiesarebasedonmarketeconomymechanism,basedonlegal,scientific,fair,openandreasonablewaytodeterminethewinningbidderofaneconomicactivity.Biddingisbiddingactivitiesconstitutetwobasicaspects.ThebiddingactivityismerelythatbybiddingtochoosetheonewiththeworkConstructionprocesscapability,moderatecost,qualityisexcellent,shortdurationofconstructionenterprises,andthisistheultimategoaltender.Ihaveparticipatedininternshipsoverthecourseoftheprojectbidding,andcompletedoverpartofthecalculationofquantities,combinedwithgraduateexperienceinthedesignprocess,abriefanalysisofthemodeQuantitiesCallforTenderThemeaningofriskandriskcharacteristicsofthegeneralconstruction,thelowestpricesealedbiddingconstructionmethodproducesseveralrisksandincentives,accordingtotheircharacteristicsdiscussedthefeasibilityofriskcontrolandprevention.Comparisonofengineeringandengineeringsecurityriskmanagement,insurance,similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwoprojectsandbenefits;constructionprojectbiddingandtenderingprocesscharacteristicsofhumanbehaviorisanalyzedtorevealthebidder'sriskappetiteandbehavioralcharacteristicswithchangesintheexternalenvironmentchange,whenthedefaultpunishmentislight,thebidderpreferenceappetiteforriskanddefaultpenalties,withtheincreaseexceedsacertainvalue,theriskofbidderstoshowpreferenceforbehaviorchangetoavoidtheriskofpenalties,thegreaterthebidderbiasedinfavorofamorerisk-aversebehavior,theresultsofthecontrolandpreventionofriskbehaviorofbiddershasanimportantandpracticalsignificanceConstructionCostManagementfromthe"quantity-oneprice"planmodelto"priceofseparationvolume"modelofthemarket,andgraduallyestablishamarketprice-basedpriceformationmechanism,thepriceofthedecisioninthehandsofthepartiesinvolvedinthemarket,andultimatelytheallocationofresourcesthroughthemarketinordertorealizethroughthemarketmechanismtodecideonprojectcost.Thiswillstandardizetheconstructionmarket-competitivebehaviorandthepromotionofprojectbiddingmechanismsplayanimportantroleininnovation.Itcanbesaidthattheimplementationoftheprojectbillofquantitiesisaprojectcostmanagementsysteminourcountryabigstepforward,butalsoinChina'saccessiontotheWTO,theglobalconstructionindustryapowerfultoolforpeercompetition.Withtheconstructionofin-depthdevelopmentofthemarket,thetraditionalfixedpricingmodelnolongersuitedtomarket-orientedeconomicdevelopmentneeds.Inordertoadapttothecurrentprojectbiddingbythemarketneedsofaprojectcost,wemustworkontheexistingvaluationmethodsandpricingmodelforreform,theimplementationofprojectsbillpricing.Engineeringisalistofpricingmodelandadapttothemarketeconomy,allowingindependentcontractorpricingthroughmarketcompetitiondetermineprices,withtheinternationalpracticeofpricingmodel.Withthebillpricingmodelprojectstopromote,inaccordancewithinternationalbiddingpracticesisimperative.Therefore,"thelowestreasonablepriceofthesuccessfulbidder"Myfutureisthemostimportantevaluationmethods.AtthisstageduetotheimplementationofprojectsbillpricingmodelandtheproblemsmainlyagainstChinaatthisstage"intheminimumreasonablepriceoftheprinciplesofthesuccessfulbidder,mostcontractorshavenotyetsetuptheirownenterprisesofscale,companiesunabletodeterminethereasonableCost.Thisarticleisascientificandfastset"reasonablecost"tostudythekey.First,fromtheprojectcostofthebasicconcept,oftheengineeringbillpricingmodelunderthecoststructure,toaccuratelypredictcostsoftheprojectprovidedthebasis,consideringtheaveragecostofthesocialcosttoindividualenterprisesandthetenderstageofthecostestimates.Followedthroughonfuzzymathandtechnologyforsmoothin-depthanalysis,through"close-degree,"theconceptofreasonablefuzzymathandexponentialsmoothingtechnologies,constructionoftheprojectcostvaguepredictionmodel,andinaccordancewiththerelevantinformationandstatisticsInformationandexperiencetoestablisha"frameworkstructure,"thecomparisonworksConstructionCostManagementfromthe"quantity-oneprice"planmodelto"priceofseparationvolume"modelofthemarket,andgraduallyestablishamarketprice-basedpriceformationmechanism,thepriceofthedecisioninthehandsofthepartiesinvolvedinthemarket,andultimatelytheallocationofresourcesthroughthemarketinordertorealizethroughthemarketmechanismtodecideonprojectcost.Thiswillstandardizetheconstructionmarket-competitivebehaviorandthepromotionofprojectbiddingmechanismsplayanimportantroleininnovation.Itcanbesaidthattheimplementationoftheprojectbillofquantitiesisaprojectcostmanagementsysteminourcountryabigstepforward,butalsoinChina'saccessiontotheWTO,theglobalconstructionindustryapowerfultoolforpeercompetition.Ahealthybiddingsystemshouldbeinaccordancewiththe"open,fairandjustice"andtheprincipleofgoodfaith,andestablishaunified,open,competitiveandorderlyconstructionmarket.Inviewofthecurrentproblemsexistinginthebiddingprocess,adoptregulations,andformulateandperfecttheinstitution,strengtheningprocesssupervisionmeasures,theycanbetterregulateconstructionmarketorder,preventcorruptionfromitssource,purifyconstructionmarket,promotetheconstructionmarketorderprogressivelytowardstandardization,institutionalized,andconstantlyimprovethequalityandlevelofthebiddingwork.References[1]R.G.Casey,D.R.Ferguson,Intelligentformsprocessing,IBMSystemJournal29(3)(1990)435–450.[2]T.Watanabe,Q.Luo,N.Sugie,Layoutrecognitionofmultikindsoftable-formdocuments,IEEETransactionsonPatternAnalysisandMachineIntelligence17(4)(1995)422–445.[3]J.L.Chen,H.J.Lee,AnefficientalgorithmforformstructureExtrctionusingstripprojection,PatternRecognition31(9)Fig.9.Tablewithnoobviousseparatingsymbolbetweenrecords.(1998)1353–1368.Y.Caoetal./AutomationinConstruction11(2002)573–584583[4]L.Y.Tseng,R.C.Chen,Recognitionanddataextractionofformdocumentsbasedonthreetypesoflinesegments,PatternRecognition31(10)(1998)1525–1540.[5]K.C.Fan,J.M.Lu,G.D.Chen,Afeaturepointclusteringapproachtotherecognitionofformdocuments,PatternRecognition31(9)(1998)1205–1220.[6]S.Chandran,R.Kasturi,Structurerecognitionoftabulateddata,Proceedingsof2ndInternationalConferenceonDocumentAnalysisandRecognition,TsukubaScienceCity,Jap20–22,1993,pp.516–519.[7]K.Itonori,Tablestructurerecognitionbasedontextblockarrangementandruledlineposition,Proceedingsof2ndInternationalConferenceonDocumentAnalysisandRecognition,TsukubaScienceCity,Japan,Oct.20–22,1993,pp.765–768.[8]J.H.Shamilian,H.S.Baird,T.L.Wood,Aretargetabletablereader,Proceedingsof4thInternationalConferenceonDocumentAnalysisandRecognition,Ulm,Germany,Aug.18–20,1997,pp.158–163.[9]J.Y.Chiang,S.C.Tue,Y.C.Leu,Anewalgorithmforlineimagevectorization,PatternRecognition31(10)(1998)1541–1549.建筑項目招投標楊曹*,王建民,b,李亨a建筑部門和房地產(chǎn)、香港理工大學、香港、中國b國家重點實驗室的小說軟件技術(shù)、南京大學、南京210093,中國摘要目前在工程建設項目行業(yè)中，以工程招投標為特征的建筑市場已經(jīng)形成，施工企業(yè)為創(chuàng)造良好經(jīng)濟效益，必須嚴格控制成本，加強成本控制管理，才能提高市場適應能力和競爭力。本文從降低成本、增加收入兩方面闡述對施工成本的有效控制。投標文件的編制是投標工作的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)，直接影響投標工作的成敗，投標的成敗對企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展有著直接的影響，因此要編制出高質(zhì)量的投標文件，提高單位的中標率，防止無效標及廢標出現(xiàn)?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】：招投標不正當競爭防范對策招標投標是一種工程交易形式，工程招投標的過程就是確定中標人和工程價格的過程，而工程價格的確定，是工程招投標工作中非常重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)，搞好招投標工程的價格確定工作，可以有效地控制工程造價，創(chuàng)造公平、公正的市場環(huán)境，營造有序競爭的機制。在建筑工程招標投標活動中，建筑施工企業(yè)要想在投標中立于不敗之地，中標得到工程，然后又要從承包工程中贏利，就需要綜合考慮各種主觀條件與客觀因素、研究投標策略，確定投標方法。投標策略包括投標策略和作價技巧。所有的策略和技巧來自承包商的無數(shù)次投標的經(jīng)驗積累以及對客觀規(guī)律的認識和對實際情況的了解，同時也與承包商的決策能力和魄力息息相關(guān)。從招標進程上講，招標文件是招標活動的總綱和劇本。每項招標工作如何開始，如何發(fā)出招標文件，對投標人有什么要求，如何評標，如何決標，招標程序是什么，都在招標文件中做出規(guī)定，所以編制招標文件的人員首先要對本次招標工作有一個全局性的認識，把本次招標的要求和安排反映到招標文件當中，在編制當中也會遇到事先沒有想到的問題，那就在編制當中逐一解決，編制招標文件的過程也是制定招標方案的過程。從另一個意義上來講，招標文件也是法律文件，除了相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)外，在招標的全過程中招標人，投標人，招標代理機構(gòu)共同遵循的游戲規(guī)則就是招標文件，這是參加招標工作三方人士必須遵循的法律文件，具有法律效力，所以編制招標文件的人員須有法律意識和素質(zhì)，在招標文件中體現(xiàn)出公平、公正、合法的要求。我國建筑工程招投標法實施以及工程施工監(jiān)理制度的實踐，對規(guī)范我國建筑市場、提高建筑工程施工質(zhì)量，起到了積極的作用。但是在實施過程中存在不少缺陷，需要完善、充實和提高。本工程招標文件根據(jù)《中華人民共和國招投標法》規(guī)定，對投標人，投標企業(yè)進行嚴格把關(guān)，對競標者提出了專業(yè)性的要求，對工程的概況進行了說明。目前在工程建設項目行業(yè)中，以工程招投標為特征的建筑市場已經(jīng)形成，施工企業(yè)為創(chuàng)造良好經(jīng)濟效益，必須嚴格控制成本，加強成本控制管理，才能提高市場適應能力和競爭力。本文從降低成本、增加收入兩方面闡述對施工成本的有效控制。我國建筑工程招投標法實施以及工程施工監(jiān)理制度的實踐，對規(guī)范我國建筑市場、提高建筑工程施工質(zhì)量，起到了積極的作用。但是在實施過程中存在不少缺陷，需要完善、充實和提高。本工程招標文件根據(jù)《中華人民共和國招投標法》規(guī)定，對投標人，投標企業(yè)進行嚴格把關(guān)，對競標者提出了專業(yè)性的要求，對工程的概況進行了說明。實行工程招投標的目的是為了市場競爭的公開、公平、公正。但是，由于建筑市場發(fā)育尚不規(guī)范，管理體制的束縛以及經(jīng)驗不足等原因，建筑工程招標投標在具體操作中還存在不正當競爭行為和一些弊端。這顯然違背了招投標的目的，整個招標投標過程也就失去了意義，對其他未中標的投標人來講也是不公正的，擾亂了招投標（工程承發(fā)包市場）經(jīng)濟活動秩序，對于這類行為必須予以禁止，只有這樣，才能使建設工程競爭性交易活動依法健康運行。因此本課題將結(jié)合本人所學及社會實踐，對目前的建設工程招投標制度及現(xiàn)狀進行闡述，并針對建設工程招投標存在的弊端與不正當競爭行為現(xiàn)象及產(chǎn)生原因進行分析，最后做出相應的防范對策研究。造價管理體系的建設，既包括理論上的探討，又需要實踐中的創(chuàng)新。市場經(jīng)濟條件下的工程造價管理，要為建筑市場有序競爭搭建管理服務平臺。在這樣一個大前提下，原有的定額和計價方法是不適應的，這就需要改革和完善。本著“政府宏觀調(diào)控、企業(yè)自主報價、市場形成價格”的原則，來推行實施工程量清單計價規(guī)范。清單計價模式下招投標活動是建立在市場經(jīng)濟運行機制下，依據(jù)法律程序，以科學、公正、公開合理的方法確定中標人的一種經(jīng)濟活動。招投標是構(gòu)成招標投標活動中兩個最基本的環(huán)節(jié)。而招投標活動，無非是想通過招標，選擇一家具有工工程施工能力、造價適中、質(zhì)量較優(yōu)、工期較短的施工企業(yè)，這也是進行招標的最終