Unit+7+Period+3 牛津譯林版英語八年級下冊

譯林版初中英語譯林版八年級下冊Unit7Period3GrammarWhatdoyouknowabouttheactivevoiceandthepassivevoice?新課導(dǎo)入FreeTalk12能熟悉并正確運(yùn)用本課時的重點(diǎn)單詞和短語。能掌握被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。l.—Englishiswidelyspokenintheworld,isn'tit?—Yes.It'sused________anofficiallanguageinmorethan70countries.A.forB.asC.withD.by2.UNICEFwas________in1946toimprovechildren'slivesafterWorldWarII.A.givenupB.putupC.setupD.gotup預(yù)習(xí)檢測BC3.—CanMrKingsparesometimeforthecharityshow?—Ifhe________,hewilltryhisbesttomakeit.A.willbeinvitedB.isinvitedC.invitesD.invited4.—HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple?—Yes.It________everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs.A.isplayedB.playsC.wasplayedD.played5.Over$30,000________forachildren'shospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A.israisedB.wasraisedC.willberaisedD.hasbeenraisedBAB知識梳理1.Leafletsarehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteers.志愿者在街上向人們散發(fā)傳單。handout分發(fā)；提出e.g.Oneofmyjobswastohandouttheprizes.我的工作之一是分發(fā)獎品。LanguagePoints2.OxfamwassetupintheUKin1942,...樂施會于1942年在英國成立，……setup建起，設(shè)立e.g.Hehasjustsetuphisownbusiness.

他剛建立起自己的公司。被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.

我們每天都打掃教室。

Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.

教室每天都被(我們)打掃。

語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示的是主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)(TheActiveVoice)與被動語態(tài)（ThePassiveVoice)

主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者;

被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)We

callthegardentheSlenderWestLake.Thegarden

iscalledtheSlenderWestlake.Activevoice主動語態(tài)SVOPassivevoice被動語態(tài)SV主動語態(tài)的基本用法當(dāng)知道誰在執(zhí)行動作很重要時，我們使用主動語態(tài)。Volunteerdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.志愿醫(yī)生在飛機(jī)上做手術(shù)。被動語態(tài)的基本用法1.動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或者不言自明時。Noneofthebookswastakenaway.沒有一本書被拿走。2.在不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時。Thetoyisdesignedforchildren.這款玩具是為孩子們設(shè)計(jì)的。3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。Mybikewasrepaired.我的自行車修好了。4.出于委婉或禮貌而避談動作的執(zhí)行者時。5.在被動語態(tài)的句子中,如果我們需要指出動作的執(zhí)行者,可以由by引出。MrWuislikedbyallofhisstudents.所有的學(xué)生都喜歡吳老師。Theproblemwastalkedaboutjustnow.這個問題剛才被討論過。一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語+am/is/are+過去分詞+其他.Example：Englishistaughtbyhim.否定句：主語+am/is/are+not+過去分詞+其他.Example：Englishisn’ttaughtbyhim.

一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語+過去分詞+其他？Example:IsEnglishtaughtbyhim?特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋am/is/are+主語+過去分詞+其他？

Example:WhoistaughtEnglishbyhim?一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語+was/were+過去分詞+其他.Example：Thebridgewasbuiltin1999.否定句：主語+was/were+not+過去分詞+其他.Example：Thebridgewasn’tbuiltin1999.

一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語+過去分詞+其他？Example:Wasthebridgebuiltin1999?特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋was/were+主語+過去分詞+其他？

Example:When

wasthebridgebuilt?第一步：主賓互換。第二步：謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e+過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達(dá)出不同的時態(tài)。第三步：“be+過去分詞”+by+原主語。（有時by+原主語可省）第四步：時間、地點(diǎn)狀語等保持一致。主變被四步曲主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)bymanystudents.Manystudentsstudy

English.Englishisstudied被動語態(tài)變化步驟They

bought

tencomputerslastterm.

(bythem)lastterm.Tencomputerswerebought賓變主,主變賓,前加by動變被,看清be,結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+pp.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的口訣賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用。“be”要隨著主語變，人稱時態(tài)要弄準(zhǔn)。

主語+謂語+雙賓語的句式轉(zhuǎn)換主動語態(tài)主語He謂語(主動式)passed間賓me直賓abook.被動語態(tài)原直賓Abook謂語(被動式)waspassedtomeby原主語(改為賓格)him.原間賓(改為主格)I謂語(被動式)waspassed原直賓abookby原主語(改為賓格)him.被動語態(tài)的特殊用法1.有些動詞,其主動語態(tài)形式含有被動意義，如：系動詞smell,taste,sound,feel等，還有一些不及物動詞,常用主動語態(tài),和well,easily等副詞連用,含有被動意義。如：read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等。Thedishsmellsgood.這道菜聞起來很香。Thebookssellwell.這些書很暢銷。2.在感官動詞和使役動詞的主動語態(tài)句式中,動詞不定式的to常省去,但是在被動語態(tài)中要加上to。主動語態(tài)主語Theteacher謂語(主動式)made賓語him不帶to的不定式retellthestory.被動語態(tài)原賓語(改為主格)He謂語(被動式)wasmade帶to的不定式toretellthestoryby原主語(改為賓格)theteacher.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.1.Charityactivities________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).areplannedtohelpthepoor2.Leaflets______________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).arehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteers3.ToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydoeveryyear5.Warmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeople6.Acharityshow____________________________(hold/theStudents'Union).washeldbytheStudents'Union4.Newbooks_________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWhattheydidlastweekAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I'mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.Daniel:That'sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yes.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.

wassetupwasopened

iscalled

wasstartedweregivenarebuiltaresoldisused通過以活動小結(jié)通過以上的活動，我們學(xué)習(xí)了被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時：被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：_______________________________否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：_______________________________被動語態(tài)的一般過去時肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：_______________________________否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：_______________________________主語+am/is/are+過去分詞+其他.主語+am/is/are+not+過去分詞+其他.主語+was/were+過去分詞+其他.主語+was/were+not+過去分詞+其他.1.Shewas______(治愈)withanewmedicine.2.______(傳單)arehandedouteverywhereinthestreet.3.Whenwastheschool______(建立)up?4.Threeletterswerewrittenbyhim,_________(包括)thisone.5.Thesportsmeetingis______(舉行)onceayear.當(dāng)堂檢測一、根據(jù)句意及提示完成下列句子。curedLeafletssetincludingheld1.It'ssaid(據(jù)說)thatthelongbridge___