中考英語被動語態(tài)的用法及練習(xí)

被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)的概念：當(dāng)謂語表示一個動作時，主語和它可以有兩種不同的關(guān)系，主動關(guān)系和被動關(guān)系：表示主動關(guān)系時，主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，稱為主動語態(tài)Tomopenedthedoor.表示被動關(guān)系時，主語是動作的承受者，謂語要用另一種形式，稱為被動語態(tài)

ThedoorwasopenedbyTom.在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，動作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引起的短語表示二、形式被動語態(tài)由助動詞be加過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來：（完成進(jìn)行時和將來進(jìn)行時無被動語態(tài)）1一般現(xiàn)在時：Historyismadebypeople.2一般過去時：Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?3一般將來時：Wewon’tbeinvited.4現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時：Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.

Theroadswerebeingwidened.5現(xiàn)在/過去完成時：Thebookhasbeentranslated.

Costshadbeengreatlyreduced.表格：被動態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/willbedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendone

一般

進(jìn)行

完成

完成進(jìn)行

現(xiàn)在writewritesamiswritingarehave\haswrittenhave\hasbeenwritten

過去wrotewas\werewritinghadwrittenhadbeenwritten

將來will\shallwritewill\shallbewritingwill\shallhavewrittenwill\shallhavebeenwriting

過去將來would\shouldwritewould\shouldbewritingwould\shouldhavewrittenwould\shouldhavebeenwriting以write為例,在16種時態(tài)中形式

一般

進(jìn)行

完成

現(xiàn)在am\is\arewrittenam\is\arebeingwrittenhave\hasbeenwritten

過去was\werewrittenwas\werebeingwrittenhave\hasbeenwritten

將來will\shallbewritten-------------------will\shallhavebeenwritten

過去將來would\shouldbewritten-------------------would\shouldhavebeenwritten以write為例，在時態(tài)中被動語態(tài)的形式1．常用時態(tài)（9種）的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：以do為例1)一般現(xiàn)在時am\is\are+doneInsomepartsoftheworld,tea_____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.A.hacompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople______toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded

2)一般過去時

was\were+doneI_____tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgivenThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_____tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

am\is\are+beingdone--Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?--Notyet,therooms_____.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpaintingAnewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuiltRainforests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut4)過去進(jìn)行時

was\were+beingdoneThatroadwasbeingwidenedthistimelastyear.5)一般將來時willbe+doneHundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.lostD.willlose―Yourjob

openforyourreturn.―Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept

6)過去將來時wouldbe+doneMarytoldusthatashortplaywouldbeputonattheparty.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty______,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld7)現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeen+doneAllthepreparationsforthetask_____,andwearereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted

8)過去完成時hadbeen+doneThenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedBhadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_____inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted9)將來完成時ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics______by2006.AhasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動詞+be+vt.pp.Youcan’ttakethemagazineoutofthereading–room.Themagazinecan’tbetakenoutofthereading-room.Theseexercisemustbedoneinclass.Morericecanbeproducednextyear.6.被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別“be+過去分詞”這個結(jié)構(gòu)并不一定都是被動語態(tài)，有些動詞be,feel,seem,look等后的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語，表示狀態(tài)。Theglassisbroken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy(被動語態(tài))Thedoorislocked.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))、Thedoorhasjust/beenlocked(被動語態(tài))系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動語態(tài)的主要差別是：被動語態(tài)表示一個動作，它可以有介詞by引起的短語，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，雖形式與被動語態(tài)相似，實質(zhì)不同:1)Thepicturewaswelldrawn.Thepicturewasdrawnbymysister.2).Thelibraryisnowclosed.Itisusuallyclosedat6.3).Thebridgeiscompleted.Thebridgewascompletedin1968.三、被動語態(tài)的使用情況1，不知道或沒有必要說出動作的執(zhí)行者Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.2，動作的承受者是談話的中心Thesongwaswrittenbyastudent.3，出于禮貌措辭圓通等不愿說出動作執(zhí)行者Youarerequiredtosingasong.4.需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時（動作的承受者是談話的中心，這時常帶有by引起的短語）Foodisneededbyeverylivingthing.Thisschoolisrunbythetradeunion.5.有時被動結(jié)構(gòu)能使句子得到更好的安排Theyaregoingtobuildalibrarybuildingherenextyear.Itisgoingtobebuiltrightbesidetheofficebuilding.(若兩句都用they作主語，則顯得呆板)6.當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人的時候Wewereallshockedbythenewsofhissuddendeath.Thehousewaswashedawaybythestorm7.為了委婉、禮貌而避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ綍rEnoughhasbeensaidhereofthisquestionYouarewishedtodoitmorecarefully.主動形式表示被動意義

1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…

Thebooksellswell.

這本書銷路好。

Thisknifecutseasily.

這刀子很好用。

2)blame,remain,keep,rent,bu