Unit+3+Conservation+Lesson+1+The+Sixth+Extinction高中英語北師大版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊

Unit3ConservationLesson1

TheSixthExtinction文本分析學(xué)生通過閱讀這兩篇文章，回顧歷史、反思當(dāng)下、憂心未來，體會到第六次滅絕不同于前五次，它的特征將是人為成因的出現(xiàn)，也就是人類文明誕生造成了此次滅絕，而這一次的滅絕事件，即使以最保守的方法估算，仍是眾多次滅絕事件中最快的一次；有著聰明的頭腦、以近乎掠奪的方式發(fā)展的人類對于環(huán)境有著重大的影響，認(rèn)識到保護環(huán)境的緊迫性與重要性。本課是本單元第一課thesixthextinction,屬于“人與自然”主題,包含兩篇文章:第一篇說明文，介紹了歷史上的五次大滅絕背景，分析第六次大滅絕發(fā)生的可能性并提出解決方案。第二篇是實例舉證人類保護動物的成功案例。I.Whatisextinction?Extinction:asituationinwhichaplant,ananimal,awayoflife,etc.stopsexisting.

（滅絕，絕種，消亡）II.Choosetheoptionbasedonyourknowledge.（Ex.1)1.HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthdiedout?a.Once.b.Fivetimes.c.Morethan10times.2.AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemass

extinction

knownasthe“GreatDying”?a.Lessthan10%.b.Nearly50%.c.Morethan90%.3.Whatdoscientiststhinkwillcausethenextmassextinction?a.Humanactivity.b.Naturalcauses.c.Unknownreasons.sofarIII.Readthetextaboutextinction.Thencheckyouranswersinthequiz.II.Choosetheoptionbasedonyourknowledge.1.HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthdiedout?a.Once.b.Fivetimes.c.Morethan10times.2.AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemassextinctionknownasthe“GreatDying”?a.Lessthan10%.b.Nearly50%.c.Morethan90%.3.Whatdoscientiststhinkwillcausethenextmassextinction?a.Humanactivity.b.Naturalcauses.c.Unknownreasons.√√√III.Summarizethemainideaofeachparagraph.Thenmatchtheheadingstoeachparagraph.Para.1___________________________________Para.2___________________________________Para.3___________________________________Para.4___________________________________howwecandowhotoblame(causes/reasons)whatmighthappenbackgroundhistoryIV.Readthetext.Completethenotes.Thentalkaboutthedifferentaspectsofextinctions.(Ex.3)entirespeciesarewipedout.Over90%ofallspeciesthateverlived;fivemassextinctions.The3rdand5thextinctions.Reasonsthatcauseextinctionsincludevolcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace,changesinsealevels,thedecreaseoftheoxygencontent(含氧量)oftheseaandglobalwarming.Humanactivityistoblameforthecurrentsixthextinction,withreasonsincludingairandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.Howtoavoid:Changesignificantlythewaywelive.First,takestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.Then,changehowweworkandtravelbyusingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergy,suchaswindandsolarenergy.Next,improveourfarmingmethodstoreducewater,airandlandpollution.V.Readagain.Answerthequestions.1.Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?2.Whydoesthewriterthinkthesixthmassextinctionwillcome?3.Whydoesthewriterbelievewe’llprobablydieoutif75%oftheEarth’sspeciesdieout?4.Whatdidpeopledointhecasestudytoprotectblackrobins?Whichclaim(s)didthecasestudysupportinthetext?1.Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?The2015studyexaminedhowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses,thatis,the“backgroundextinctionrate”.Scientistsfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.2.Whydoesthewriterthinkthesixthmassextinctionwillcome?“…h(huán)umanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.”“…h(huán)umanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspecies…”2.Whydoesthewriterthinkthesixthmassextinctionwillcome?Becausehumanactivityhashadadevastating(毀滅性的)effectonspeciesdiversity,andtherateofhuman-causedextinctionsisaccelerating.3.Whydoesthewriterbelievewe’llprobablydieoutif75%oftheEarth’sspeciesdieout?Becauseourworldandourlivesdependonthebalanceinnaturebetweenanimalsandplants.3.Whydoesthewriterbelievewe’llprobablydieoutif75%oftheEarth’sspeciesdieout?Everythinglivingonearth—eachplantandanimal—needsotherlivingthings.Thelossofanyspeciescanthreatenthesurvivalofalllife,includinghumanbeings.4.Whatdidpeopledointhecasestudytoprotectblackrobins?Whichclaim(s)didthecasestudysupportinthetext?thestudyofaperson,asmallgroup,asinglesituation,oraspecific“case,”iscalledacasestudy(個案研究).Firsttheybeganaprogramfor

raisingblackrobinchicks.They

protectedafemalerobin’seggs,

helpedthemtohatch,andtookcareofthechicks.Astherobin’spopulationisincreasing,theyarerestoringtheirhabitatsandremovingsmallanimalsthathuntthem,

suchasmiceandcatsfromtheislandswheretheylive.It’sneverlatetomend恢復(fù)棲息地makesth.returntoitsformersituationTheyoungbird,fish,insectcomesoutofaneggbybreakingtheshellVI.Giveanoralreportondifferentaspectsofextinctionsbasedonthisdiagram.1-5’completenessclearnessfluencylogicVII.Usedifferentcolouredpenstohighlightatleastoneexampleforeachofthefourelementslistedbelowindifferentcoloursandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.facts

opinions/predictionsreasons

solutionsFacts:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlivedarenowextinct…(P1)the“GreatDying”,whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies…(P1)humanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal…(P2)Opinions/predictions:ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.(P1)Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.(P3)Reasons:Thereasonsforextinctionsarevaried.Theyincludevolcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace,changesinsealevels,thedecreaseoftheoxygencontentoftheseaandglobalwarming.(P1)Reasons:Thereisalonglistofreasons:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.(P2)Withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreathe,andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.(P3)Solutions:…weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.Weneedtochangehowweworkandtravelbyusingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergy,suchaswindandsolarenergy.Wealsoneedtoimproveourfarmingmethodstoreducewater,airandlandpollution.(P4)Answerthefollowingquestions.Whattexttypeisthispieceofwriting?2.Whatisitscommunicativepurpose?3.Whatwaysofargumentdoesthewriterusetoconvincereaders?Areyouconvinced?Whyorwhynot?4.Whattypicallanguageisused?Whattexttypeisthispieceofwriting?

Narration(記敘文)Description(描寫文)Exposition(說明文)Argumentation(議論文)2.Whatisitscommunicativepurpose?Thecommunicativepurposeofthisarticleistoexplainwhatthesixthextinctionisanditseffectsandcallonpeopletotakeactiontopreventitfromhappening.3.Whatwaysofargumentdoesthewriterusetoconvincereaders?Areyouconvinced?Whyorwhynot?Thewriteruseswayssuchascitingideasfromexpertsorauthorities,givingexamplesandusingdata.Theblackrobinwassavedfromextinctionwhenonlyfivebirdsremained,soIthinkitispossibletosaveanyspeciesifweactrightnow.4.Whattypicallanguageisused?Thelanguageinthearticleisformalandimpersonal,objectiveandaccurate,andconciseandclear.Thewriteravoidsusingcolloquialisms(口語),the

firstperson,andexpressionslike“Ibelieve”“Ithink”“probably”“perhaps”or“maybe”.Thewordsandsentencesaresimple,plainandeasytounderstand.

VIII.Usetheadjectivesandnounstomakemeaningfulexpressions.Thencompletethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheseexpressions.VIII.Usetheadjectivesandnounstomakemeaningfulexpressions.Thencompletethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheseexpressions.1.Actnowbefore______arelosttoglobalwarming.2.Naturalreservesshouldbesetuptoprovidehomefor______.3.Thepandemichasbroughtabouta______inthewaywework.4.Chinaisrichin______.5.Evidenceshowsthathumanactivityistoblameforthecurrent______.6.Costsfor______havebeendeclining,astechnologyimproves.1.Actnowbefore___________arelosttoglobalwarming.2.Naturalreservesshouldbesetuptoprovidehomefor_________________.3.Thepandemichasbroughtabouta_______________inthewaywework.entirespeciesendangeredanimalssignificantchange4.Chinaisrichin______________.5.Evidenceshowsthathumanactivityistoblameforthecurrent_____________.6.Costsfor__________havebeendeclining,astechnologyimproves.naturalresourcesmassextinctionsolarenergyIX.Completetheparagraphaboutextinctionusingthecorrectfor