變電站建設(shè)的一般要求外文文獻翻譯

外文文獻翻譯(含：英文原文及中文譯文)文獻出處：PowerSystemProtection&Control,2013,3(5):63-68.英文原文GeneralRequirementstoConstructionofSubstationCarpentierJennySubstationsareavitalelementinapowersupplysystemofindustrialenterprises.Theyservetoreceive,convertanddistributeelectricenergy.Dependingonpowerandpurpose,thesubstationsaredividedintocentraldistributionsubstationsforavoltageof110-500kV;mainstep-downsubstationsfor110-220/6-10-35kV;deepentrancesubstationsfor110-330/6-10kV;distributionsubstationsfor6-10kV;shoptransformersubstationsfor6-10/0.38-0.66kV.Atthemainstep-downsubstations,theenergyreceivedfromthepowersourceistransformedfrom110-220kVusuallyto6-10kV(sometimes35kV)whichisdistributedamongsubstationsoftheenterpriseandisfedtohigh-voltageservices.Centraldistributionsubstationsreceiveenergyfrompowersystemsanddistributeit(withoutorwithpartialtransformation)viaaerialandcablelinesofdeepentrancesatavoltageof110-220kVovertheenterpriseterritory.Centraldistributionsubstationdiffersfromthemaindistributionsubstationinahigherpowerandinthatbulkofitspowerisatavoltageof110-220kV;itfeaturessimplifiedswitchingcircuitsatprimaryvoltage;itisfedfromthepowertoanindividualobjectorregion.Low-andmedium-powershopsubstationstransformenergyfrom6-10kVtoasecondaryvoltageof380/220or660/380.Step-uptransformersubstationsareusedatpowerplantsfortransformationofenergyproducedbythegeneratorstoahighervoltagewhichdecreaseslossesatalong-distancetransmission.ConvertersubstationsareintendedtoconvertACtoDC(sometimesviceversa)andtoconvertenergyofonefrequencytoanother.Convertersubstationswithsemiconductorrectifiersareconvertenergyofonefrequencytoanother.Convertersubstationswithsemiconductorrectifiersaremosteconomic.Distributionsubstationsfor6-10kVarefedprimarilyfrommaindistributionsubstations(sometimesfromcentraldistributionsubstations).Withasystemofdividingsubstationsfor110-220kV,thefunctionsofaswitch-gearareaccomplishedbyswitch-gearsfor6-10kVatdeepentrancesubstations.Dependingonlocationofsubstationstheirswitch-gearmaybeoutdoororindoor.Thefeedandoutputlinesat6-10kVsubstationsaremainlyofthecabletype.at35-220kVsubstationsoftheaerialtype.Whenerectingandwiringthesubstations,majorattentionisgiventoreliableandeconomicpowersupplyofagivenproduction.Substationsareerectedbyindustrialmethodswiththeuseoflargeblocksandassembliespreparedatthesiteshopsofelectricengineeringorganizationsandfactoriesofelectricalengineeringindustry.Substationsareusuallydesignedforoperationwithoutcontinuousattendanceofthedutypersonnelbutwiththeuseofelementaryautomaticandsignalingdevices.Whenconstructingthestructuralpartofasubstation.itisadvisabletouselight-weightindustrialstructuresandelements(panels,floors,etc.)madeofbentsections.Theseelementsarepre-madeoutsidetheerectionzoneandareonlyassembledatsite.Thisconsiderablycutsthetermsandcostofconstruction.Basiccircuitryconceptsofsubstationsarechosenwhendesigningapowersupplysystemoftheenterprise.Substationsfeatureprimaryvoltage

entrances.transformersandoutputcablelinesorcurrentconductorsofsecondaryvoltage.Substationsaremountedfromequipmentandelementsdescribedbelow.Thenumberofpossiblecombinationsofequipmentandelementsisverygreat.Whenelaboratingasubstationcircuitry,itisnecessarytostriveformaximumsimplificationandminimizingthenumberofswitchingdevices.Suchsubstationsaremorereliableandeconomic.Circuitryissimplifiedbyusingautomaticenclosureorautomaticchangeovertoreservefacilitywhichallowsrapidandfaultlessredundancyofindividualelementsandusingequipment.Whendesigningtransformersubstationsofindustrialenterprisesforallvoltages,thefollowingbasicconsiderationsaretakenintoaccount:1.Preferableemploymentofasingle-bussystemwithusingtwo-bussystemsonlytoensureareliableandeconomicpowersupply;2.Wideuseofunitizedconstructionsandbustlessubstations;3.Substantiatedemploymentofautomaticsandtelemetry;ifthesubstationdesigndoesnotenvisagetheuseofautomaticsortelemetry,thecircuitryissoarrangedastoallowforaddingsuchequipmentinfuturewithoutexcessiveinvestmentsandre-work.4.Useofsimpleandcheapdevices-isolatingswitches,short-circuitingswitches,load-breakingisolators,fuses,withdueregardfortheirswitchingcapacitymaydrasticallycuttheneedforexpensiveandcriticaloil,vacuum,solenoidandairswitches.Substationandswitch-gearcircuitriesaresomadethatusingtheequipmentofeachproductionlineisfedfromindividualtransformers,assemblies,thelinestoallowtheirdisconnectionsimultaneouslywithmechanismswithoutdisruptingoperationofadjacentproductionflows.Whenelaboratingcircuitryofasubstation,themostvitaltaskistoproperlychooseandarrangeswitchingdevices(switches,isolators,currentlimiters,arresters,high-voltagefuses).Thedecisiondependsonthepurpose,powerandsignificanceofthesubstation.PowerSystemSubstationisanimportantandindispensablecomponentofthepoweritassumedthetaskofconversionanddistributionofgridsecurityandtheeconomyplayadecisiveroleinrunningistocontacttheuser’spowerplantsandintermediatelinks.Witheconomicdevelopment,expandinggridcapacity,reliabilityofoperationofthepowergridisgettinghigherandhigherrequirements.Developmentofscienceandtechnology,intelligentswitches,photoelectriccurrentandvoltagetransformer,arun-linestatedetection,trainingsimulationSubstationOperationmatures,suchashigh-tech,aswellasfiber-optictechnology,computerhigh-speednetworksysteminthedevelopmentofreal-timeapplications,boundtotheexistingsubstationautomationtechnologyhaveaprofoundimpact,all-digitalsubstationautomationsystemdevelopmenttrend.Powersystemisoperatedbytheproduction,transmission,distributionandconsumptionofavarietyofpowerlinkedtothecompositionofelectricalequipment.Asaresultofalargenumberofpowerscannotbestored,wemustensurethattheproductionofelectricityandenergybalance.Withthescientificandtechnologicaladvancesinthetechnologicaldevelopmentofourcountryhasreachedacertainlevel.Intelligentswitches,photoelectriccurrentandvoltagetransformer,arun-linestatedetection,trainingsimulationSubstationOperationmatures,suchashigh-tech,aswellasfiber-optictechnology,computerhigh-speednetworksysteminthedevelopmentofreal-timeapplications,significantlyincreasethetransformationdegreeofautomation.Designofoursubstationcableprogramstendtobesimple,manyoftherecentdomesticnew220kVsubstationand110kVvoltagelevelsofwiringwithouttheuseofdual-busbypassbus.TheuseofGIS,theprioritysub-bussinglewire.TerminalSubstation,thelineasfaraspossible,suchastransformerunitwiring.Alargenumberoftheintroductionofnewtechnology,transformersubstationrisinglevelofelectricalequipment,powerdistributiondevicesfromthetraditionalformofmovingtowardoil-free,vacuumswitches,SF6switchesandmechanical,electricalequipmentcombinationofthedevelopmentofsmall-scaleintegration.Inrecentyearstheworldfamoushigh-voltageelectricalequipmentcompanieshavebeendeveloping,thedevelopmentofthevarioustypesof145-550kVoutdoorhigh-pressureandultrahigh-pressurecombinationofelectricalappliances,somehigh-voltageswitchgearplanthasalsostartedproductionof145kVcompactoutdoorportfolioelectricalappliances.Smartplug-intypeoutdoorswitchgearisamorecompletehigh-pressureandultrahigh-pressureswitchsystem,whichincludeselectricalfirstandsecondequipment,aswellastheassociatedfiberopticcable,suchasplug-typecompound.Theentiredistributedsubstationautomationsystem;theintroductionofadvancednetworktechnology;substationandtheconstructionareacoversanareaofreducedsubstationprogramtosimplifywiring,switchgear,busandsteelpipes,suchastheuseofstentstosubstationlayoutismoresimple,theabolitionoftheformerstationareaandoptimizethelayouttomakeasubstantialdeclineinanareasubstation.Withtechnologicaladvances,thetraditionalrelayprotectiondevicesaregraduallybeingreplacedbymicroprocessor-basedprotection.Microprocessor-basedprotectionisreferredtoastheprotectionofPCcomputer,adigitalrelayprotection,isbasedontheprogrammabledigitalcircuittechnologyandreal-timedigitalsignalprocessingtechnologyofthePowerSystemProtection.Atpresent,bothathomeandabroadhavebeendevelopedto32-bitdigitalsignalprocessorforhardware-basedprotection,control,measurement,anddatacommunicationsintegrationofmicroprocessor-basedprotectioncontroldevices,andartificialintelligencetechnologyintoanumberofrelayprotection,suchasartificialneuralnetworks,fuzzytheorytodeterminetherealizationoffaulttype,faultlocation,thedirectionofprotection,themainequipmentandothernewmethodsofprotection.Bymeansofwaveletanalysisofthetheoryofdigitalsignalfailureoftheentirefrequencybandinformationandtoachievefaultdetection.Theseartificialintelligencetechnologiestoimprovetheaccuracyoffailuretoprovideameansofidentification,butalsosomesingle-frequencysignalbasedonthetraditionalmethoddifficulttoidentifytheproblemstoberesolved.Atpresent,themicroprocessor-basedrelayprotectionisalongthemicroprocessor-basedprotectionnetwork,andintelligent,adaptiveandprotection,control,measurement,signal,datacommunicationsintegrationdirection.Themostbasicrequestthatchargedbarbedwirenetinthecitycirculatesissafeandstable.Thecoreproblemofchargedbarbedwirenetsafetyinthecitystabilitywantstobuilduptobeawiththecitymutuallyaccommodativeof,reasonableofchargedbarbedwirenetstructure.Thistextpassesandprogramstothechargedbarbedwirenetwithelectricpoweranddesignsthetechniqueprincipleoftheaspectanalysis.Elaboratedthestandardconcerningelectricvoltagegrade,powersupplycredibility,powersupplyabilityandchargedbarbedwirenetsafepowersupplyrequestsetc.someproblemsthatshouldnoticeinthechargedbarbedwirenetsafety;Andhavealreadyaimedatsex'selaboratingrequesttotheconcretedesignprincipleoppositechargedbarbedwirenetsafepowersupplyofthe220kVtransformersubstationand110kVtransformersubstation.Howtopromisepowersupplycredibility1)Satisfychargedbarbedwirenetpowersupplysafestandard.Thepowersupplynetworksatisfiestherequestofpowersupplycredibility.Thestandardthatallsatisfies

N-l,cityareacenterhighburdendensityimportantcustomerinthedistrictsatisfiesthestandardofN-2.Disallowtransformerovercarry.Helpasoutherncitynetpowersupplycredibilityrateindexsignprogrammingtargetis99.99%.2)Presstogotogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenetburdentotransferabilityinthecitysatisfiesfollowingrequest:①Thetransformersubstationlosesanyonceenterlineoronesetlordtransformerbutlowerpowersupplyability,winpresstogotogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenettohavetotransferburdentoensuretheabilityofpowersupply.②Whenafemalelineoftransformersubstationstopsluckbecauseofputting,winningtopresstogotogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenetshouldhavetheabilitythattransferallburden.③Whenthe10kVgoestogetherwithelectricwireroadanychecktofixorbreaksdown,goingtogetherwiththechargedbarbedwirenetshouldhavenon-checkoftransfertofix,non-breakdownsegmentabilityforcarrying.Thenon-checkfixes,Thenon-breakdownsegmentcarriestothepowerisofftimeonlyforgotogetherwithtogiveorgetanelectricshockanequipmentstopouraZiaoperationfortime.3)Asktosatisfyafollowingprinciplewhileallowingthecapacityofthepoweroutageandthetargetoftheinstaurationpowersupplywhilegoingtogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenetbreakdowntomakethecustomerthepowerisoff:①Thecustomeroftwobacktrackpowersupplies,afterlosingabacktrack,shouldbeunlimitedtogiveorgetanelectricshock.②Thecustomerofthreebacktrackpowersupplies,afterlosingabacktrack,shouldbeunlimitedtogiveorgetanelectricshock,againafterlosingabacktrack,shouldsatisfypowersupplycapacity50-70%isusedanelectricity.③Whenallofabacktrackormuchcustomer'sthepowerofbacktrackpowersuppliesstopped,resumetargettimeofpowersupplybrokedowntohandleforabacktrackrestoredofask.④Atwreathnetpowersupplymethodinforopenthecustomerinthewreathnetwork,thelowestinstaurationpowersupplyrequestforbreakingdownwreathnetistoneedtopasschargedbarbedwirenetoperationinstaurationPowersupplyoftime,itstargettimeneedforoperatingofasks;itisthepowersupplythatpassestogotogetherwithnetautomationrestrictiontoresumeanintactblockinthelaintogotogetherwithnetautomationcircuit.(3)Powersupplyabilityandsafety1)Ofeachelectricvoltagelayernetcapacityinthecitynet,pressdefinitelychangetheelectriccapacitycarrytocompareanallocation,thealllevelselectricvoltagenetchangestheelectriccapacitycarrycomparesatisfytheupperlimitrequestthatcurrent《electricpowernetinthecityprogrammingdesignlead》stipulates.Accordingto2001nationaleconomytradecommitteepromulgationofelectricpowerprofessionstandard《electricpowersystemsafetystabilitylead》middlefinger:N.astandardisunderthenormalmovementmethodoftheanycomponent(islikecircuit,generator,andtransformer...etc.)Intheelectricpowersystemhavenobreakdownorbecauseofbreakdownbreaktoopen,electricpowersystemshouldCankeepstabletocirculatewithnormalpowersupply,othercomponentshowevercarry,electricvoltageandfrequencyallareallowinginsidethescope.ThisisusuallycalledN.onestandard.Thechargedbarbedwirenetpowersupplysafestandardhas-lstandardandquasi-None2standardsandNsisone2standards.City'sgoingtogetherwiththepowersupplysafetyofchargedbarbedwirenettousuallyrequestistoadoptNonestandard.Itisone2standardstohavealreadyadoptedquasi-Naswellatthepowersupplysafetyespeciallyimportantplaceone2standardsorNs.2)Mediumpressandgotogetherwithchargedbarbedwirenetandhavecertainbackupcapacity,generallyshouldhave50%Yudegrees,whilebeinganycomponentcheckandfixingandbreakingdownandstoppingandcarryingshouldpassandpouraZiaoperationcankeepasegmentthecustomercontinuetowardthecustomerornon-troublepowersupply,gotogetherwitheachcomponentofchargedbarbedwirenetwhiletransferringburdenhowevercarry,unlimitedelectricity.Whentwosetlordshappenthatthepowerisoffatthesametime,thatisusedcircuitshouldadjustabove60%burden.中文譯文變電站建設(shè)的一般要求作者：CarpentierJenny變電站是工業(yè)企業(yè)供電系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。它們用于接收，轉(zhuǎn)換和分配電能。根據(jù)功率和用途，變電站分為110-500kV電壓的中央配電站;110-220/6-10-35kV主要降壓變電站;深入變電站110-330/6-10kV;配電變電站6-10kV;車間變電站6-10/0.38-0.66kV。在主降壓變電站，從電源接收到的能量從110V變?yōu)?10V，220kV通常為6-10kV（有時為35kV），分布在企業(yè)的變電站中并被饋送到高壓服務(wù)。中央配電變電站接收來自電力系統(tǒng)的能源，并通過在企業(yè)范圍內(nèi)110-220kV電壓的深入入口的架空和電纜線路進行配電（不進行或不進行部分轉(zhuǎn)換）。中央配電變電站與主配電變電站的區(qū)別在于并且其大部分功率處于110-220kV的電壓;其在初級電壓下具有簡化的開關(guān)電路;它從電源饋送到一個單獨的物體或區(qū)域。低功率和中等功率的變電站將能量從6-10kV轉(zhuǎn)換為380/220或660/380的二次電壓。在發(fā)電廠使用升壓變電站，將發(fā)電機產(chǎn)生的能源轉(zhuǎn)換成更高的電壓，從而降低長距離傳輸時的損耗。變電站旨在將交流電轉(zhuǎn)換為直流電（有時也可以反之），并將能量一個頻率轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個。具有半導(dǎo)體整流器的變電站將一個頻率的能量轉(zhuǎn)換成另一個頻率。具有半導(dǎo)體整流器的變電站是最經(jīng)濟的。6-10kV配電變電站主要由主配電變電站供電（有時來自中央配電變電站）。采用110-220kV變電站分隔系統(tǒng)，開關(guān)柜的功能由深入式變電站的6-10kV開關(guān)裝置完成。根據(jù)變電站的位置，其開關(guān)裝置可能是室外或室內(nèi)的。6-10kV變電站的饋線和輸出線主要為35-220kV架空線型變電站。在架設(shè)和布線變電站時，主要關(guān)注給定生產(chǎn)的可靠和經(jīng)濟的供電。變電站通過工業(yè)方法建造，使用在電氣工程組織的現(xiàn)場商店和電氣工程行業(yè)的工廠制造的大塊和組件。變電站通常設(shè)計用于無需值班人員持續(xù)參與的操作，但使用基本自動和信號裝置。在建設(shè)變電站的結(jié)構(gòu)部件時，建議使用由彎曲部分制成的輕質(zhì)工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和元件（面板，地板等）。這些元件在安裝區(qū)域外預(yù)制，僅在現(xiàn)場組裝這大大降低了施工的條件和成本。變電站的基本電路概念是在設(shè)計企業(yè)電源系統(tǒng)時選擇的。變電站具有初級電壓輸入，變壓器和輸出電纜線路或次級電壓的電流導(dǎo)線。變送器由以下設(shè)備和元件安裝。可能的組合數(shù)量的設(shè)備和元件是非常大的。當(dāng)闡述一個變電站電路時，有必要爭取最大限度的簡化并減少開關(guān)設(shè)備的數(shù)量。這些變電站更可靠和經(jīng)濟。通過使用自動封閉或自動切換來簡化電路的切換預(yù)留設(shè)施，可以快速無誤地冗余各個元素和使用設(shè)備。在為所有電壓設(shè)計工業(yè)企業(yè)的變電站時，應(yīng)考慮以下基本考慮事項：1.僅使用雙母線系統(tǒng)的單母線系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)選用途僅用于確?？煽亢徒?jīng)濟的電力供應(yīng);2.廣泛使用組合式建筑和熱水器變電站;3.實際使用自動化和遙測技術(shù);如果變電站設(shè)計沒有設(shè)想使用自動化或遙測技術(shù)，則電路布局方便將來添加此類設(shè)備，而無需過多投資和重新工作。4.使用簡單而便宜的設(shè)備-隔離開關(guān)，短路開關(guān)，負(fù)載隔離開關(guān)，熔斷器，充分考慮其開關(guān)能力，可以大大減少對昂貴和關(guān)鍵的油，真空，螺線管和空氣開關(guān)的需求。變電站并且開關(guān)裝置電路是這樣制造的，即使用每條生產(chǎn)線的設(shè)備從各個變壓器，組件，線路饋送，以允許其與機構(gòu)同時斷開而不中斷相鄰生產(chǎn)流程的操作。在詳細(xì)描述變電站的電路時，最重要的任務(wù)是正確選擇和布置開關(guān)設(shè)備（開關(guān)，隔離器，限流器，避雷器，高壓熔斷器）。這個決定取決于變電站的目的，功率和重要性。電力系統(tǒng)變電站是電力系統(tǒng)中不可或缺的重要組成部分，它承擔(dān)了電網(wǎng)安全轉(zhuǎn)換和分配任務(wù)，經(jīng)濟運行起著決定性作用，是聯(lián)系用戶的發(fā)電廠和中間環(huán)節(jié)。隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，電網(wǎng)容量的不斷擴大，電網(wǎng)運行的可靠性要求越來越高。開發(fā)科技，智能開關(guān)，光電式電流電壓互感器，運行狀態(tài)檢測，培訓(xùn)模擬變電站操作成熟等高新技術(shù)，以及光纖技術(shù)，計算機高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)等開發(fā)實時應(yīng)用，勢必對現(xiàn)有的變電站自動化技術(shù)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響，是全數(shù)字化變電站自動化系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢。電力系統(tǒng)是由生產(chǎn)，傳輸，分配和消耗各種功率的電力設(shè)備組成的。由于無法儲存大量的電力，我們必須確保電力和能源生產(chǎn)的平衡。隨著我國科技發(fā)展的科技進步達到一定水平。智能開關(guān)，光電電流和電壓互感器，運行狀態(tài)檢測，培訓(xùn)模擬變電站操作等高新技術(shù)，以及光纖技術(shù)，計算機高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)在實時應(yīng)用開發(fā)中，顯著提高了自動化的轉(zhuǎn)化程度。我們的變電站電纜方案的設(shè)計趨向于簡單，許多國內(nèi)最近新建的220kV變電站和110