大學英語綜合教程 1 unit8

Unit8educationalproblemsText

A

Fable

of

the

Lazy

Teenager編輯課件Pre-readingDoyouknowanyfables?Whatarethey?LionandtheMouse,TheHareandtheTortoise,TheFoxandtheGrapes,

TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf,TheFoxandtheCrow,

TheDoveandtheAnt,

TheFoxandtheStork.編輯課件Picture

FableTalking

Directions:1.

Work

in

groups

2.

Rebuild

the

fables

according

to

the

pictures

and

key

words

3.

Select

a

presenter

for

your

group4.Tell

your

fable

to

the

class

and

the

moral

lesson編輯課件Picture

FableTalking編輯課件Picture

FableTalkingDrawaSnakeandAddFeettoItLonglongago,severalpeoplehadajarofwineamongthemandallofthemwantedtodrinkitbyhimself.Sotheysetarulethateveryonewoulddrawasnakeonthegroundandthemanwhofinishedfirstwouldhavethewine.Onemanfinishedhissnakeverysoonandhewasabouttodrinkthewinewhenhesawtheotherswerestillbusydrawing,sohedecidedtodrawthefeettothesnake.However,beforehecouldfinishthefeet,anothermanfinishedandgrabbedthejarfromhim,saying,"Whohaseverseenasnakewithfeet?〞編輯課件Picture

FableTalkingGoingtoofarisasbadasnotgoingfarenough.編輯課件Picture

FableTalking編輯課件Picture

FableTalkingTheFoxandtheCrowOnedayacrowstoodonabranchnearhernestandfeltveryhappywiththemeatinhermouth.Atthattime,afoxsawthecrowwiththemeat,soheswallowedandeagerlythoughtofaplantogetthemeat.However,whateverthefoxsaidtothecrow,thecrowjustkeptsilent.Untilthefoxthoughthighlyofthecrow‘sbeautifulvoice.“Iamsureyourvoiceisevenmorebeautifulthanyourfeathers,〞saidtheFox.“Won’tyousingasongforme,QueenofBirds?〞TheCrowwassopleasedshecouldhardlysitstill.Sheliftedherheadhigh,closedhereyesandopenedherbeaktosing:CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W.Themeatfelltotheground,rightinfrontoftheFox.編輯課件Picture

FableTalkingNever

trust

a

flatter.編輯課件Picture

FableTalking編輯課件Picture

FableTalkingTheMilkmaidandHerPailAmilkmaidwasgoingtothemarket.Shecarriedhermilkinapailonherhead.Shedreamtabouttheeggsshewouldbuywhenshesoldthemilk.Theeggswillhatch;thenshewillsellthechickens.Withthemoneysheearned,shewouldbuyfineclothesforherself.“I’llbuyanewdress,andwhenIgototheball,alltheyoungmenwilldancewithme!〞Asshespokeshetossedherheadback.Thepailimmediatelyfelloffherhead,andallthemilkwasspilt.

Thegirlwentbackwithoutanything.Shefeltverysad."ah,mychild,"saidhermother.“Donotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched."

編輯課件Picture

FableTalkingDonotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.編輯課件ABriefIntroductiontoFable

Thetermfablereferstoashortstoryinwhichanimalsorinanimateobjectsspeakandbehavelikehumans,usuallytogiveamoralpoint.ThetermcomesfromtheLatinfabula,“atelling.〞ThegreatesttelleroffableswasAesop.HewasbelievedtobeaGreekslavewholivedinthe6thcenturyB.C.AnothergreattelleroffableswasJeandeLaFontaine.HewroteinFranceinthe17thcentury.LaFontainebasedmanyofhisfablesonthoseofAesop.編輯課件BR_ABriefIntroductiontoFable2Someoftheirbest-knownfablesareTheLionandtheMouse,TheHareandtheTortoise,TheFoxandtheGrapes,TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf,TheFoxandtheCrow,TheDoveandtheAnt,andTheFoxandtheStork.

IntheChineselanguage,someidiomscomefromfablessuchasTheFrogintheShallowWell,HisSpearagainstHisShield,MakingHisMark.編輯課件TypicalfeaturesoffablesShorttalesNotbasedonfactsIntendedtogiveamorallessonNotstateddirectlybutdeducedbyreaders編輯課件Text

A

Fable

of

the

Lazy

Teenager編輯課件Part

Division

編輯課件

InterviewSupposeyouareajournalistandyourpartneristheauthorofthetext.Youhaveaninterviewwithhim.Theinterviewshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1.thehappeninginthedrugstore—thereasonwhytheauthorwentthere;adialoguebetweenthesalesgirlandhim2.theauthor’sfeelingtothehappening—theproblemsAmericanteenagersarefacingsuchasignorance,poorabilityofcalculationsandotherthings3.somethingaboutthesonoftheauthor’sfriend4.theauthor’spurposeofofferingafablePart

1編輯課件GR_QuestionsandAnswers1QuestionsandAnswers1.Whydidtheauthorgotothedrugstoreoneday?Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders.2.Howoldwasthesalesgirl?3.Whatwasthesalesgirl’sreactiontotheauthor’s

mentalarithmetic(心算)?Under20yearsold.Shewasverysurprisedatit.編輯課件GR_QuestionsandAnswers25.Whatwastheauthor?Hewasateacheratacollege.4.Didthesalesgirlbelievethattheauthordidcalculationsbymagic?Whyorwhynot?Yes.Maybeshebelieveditbecauseshecouldneverdothat.6.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers?Hethoughttheyareignorantandlackinginknowledgeofworldhistoryandgeography.QuestionsandAnswers編輯課件GR_QuestionsandAnswers37.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatwasthemostseriousproblemforAmericanteenagers?8.Whydidtheauthorgiveustheexampleofhisfriend’sson?9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldhappeniftherewasanidle,ignorantlaborforceinamodernindustrialstate?Theywereindifferenttotheirignorance.Hejustintendedtoshowtheseriousnessoftheproblem.Therewouldbemanyproblemsinsocietysuchasplanecrashes,computerjamsandbreakdownsofcars.QuestionsandAnswers編輯課件GR_QuestionsandAnswers410.Whatwastheauthor’spurposeofofferingafable?HejustwantedtomakeAmericanteenagersunderstandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectuallaziness.QuestionsandAnswers編輯課件DR_word_t1runoutofrunoutof:useuporfinishasupplyof(sth.)

Toourdisappointment,ourcarranoutofgashalfwayhome.Whentheyranoutoffood,thesoldierssetabouthuntingformore.編輯課件DR_Nomodestlyt21.Whatisthemeaningofthephrase“suchanexperience〞?Thephrase“suchanexperience〞means“thesalesgirl’signorance.〞Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience.2.Paraphrasethesentence.Anyadultwhohasgotaverageeducationwillfeelworriedandunhappyabouttheignorancethegirlshows.編輯課件DR_word_t2upsetmodest:adj.

immodest

A

modest

little

house1)Not

very

large/

expensive/important,etc.2)Not

talking

much

about

your

own

abilities

or

possessionsShe

is

very

modest

about

her

success.3)Of

people,

especially

women,

or

their

clothes,

shy

about

showing

much

of

the

body,

not

intended

to

attract

attention.A

modest

dressAdv.

Modestly'Youreallymustbeverygoodatwhatyoudo.'—'IsupposeIam,’Katesaidmodestly.編輯課件DR_word_t2upsetupset:vt.

Theyareterriblyupsetbythebreak-upoftheirparents’marriage.1)make(sb.)worryorfeelunhappy.beupsetby/aboutPattern:

2)makeillinthestomachTheforeignfoodupsetme/mystomach.3)knockover,causingconfusionTheboyupsettheglassofmilk.Herplanswereupsetbythechangeintheweather.編輯課件DR_word_t2ignorant

Collocation:ignorant:adj.

knowinglittleornothingShewasignorantofherhusband’sillegalactivities.Otherwiseshewouldhavedoneeverythingpossibletostophim.ignorantabout/of 在…方面無知的Somepeopleareignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming.我對計算機一竅不通。I’mratherignorantaboutcomputer.編輯課件DR_word_t3sumupsumup:giveabriefsummary(ofsth.)Myteacherwouldsumupthemainpointsofthelessonbeforeheendedtheclass.AlicesummedupherChristmasholidaysinoneword:“Terrible.〞編輯課件DR_word_t3accumulate1accumulate:v.

collect,orgathertogether,esp.overaperiodoftime;makeorbecomegreaterinquantityorsizeIhaveaccumulatedmanybooksoverthelastfewyears.Dustquicklyaccumulatesifwedon’tsweepourroom.Collocation：積累大量資料accumulateahugemassofdata積累經(jīng)驗accumulateexperience積攢一筆財富accumulateafortune積聚一大批藏書accumulateagoodlibrary編輯課件兩者均可指積聚大量的東西。accumulate

強調(diào)經(jīng)年累月地點滴積累。例如：DR_word_t3accumulate2Throughtheyearsheaccumulatedsufficientmoneytobuyafarmwhenheretired.Hesoonamassedsufficientevidencetosupporthiscase.經(jīng)過多年積攢，他有了足夠的錢在退休時買下一個農(nóng)場。accumulate&amassCF:amass指在較短的時間內(nèi)積聚到大量東西，尤指為自己而積聚。例如：

他不久便收集到足夠的證據(jù)來為他的案子辯護。編輯課件DR_word_t3affect1affect:vt.

Morethansevenmillionpeoplehavebeenaffectedbythedrought.1)haveaninfluenceon2)causefeelingsofsorrow,anger,love,etc,in(sb.)MartinLutherKing’sspeechdeeplyaffectedtheaudience.編輯課件DR_word_t3affect2Nothingyousaywillaffectmydecision.這里這三個詞都作為動詞進行比較。affect表示“影響〞，以被影響的人或物作賓語。大致可分為兩種情況：1〕“使…起變化〞，沒有好或壞的意思；2〕“對…發(fā)生不良影響〞。例如：affect,effect&influenceCF:無論你說什么都不會影響我的決定。Thesmallamountofrainlastyearaffectedthegrowthofcrops.去年雨少影響了莊稼的生長。編輯課件DR_word_t3affect3Thenewhairdoeffectedastartlingchangeinherappearance.Effectn.haveaneffecton用作及物動詞表示“產(chǎn)生，招致〞或“實現(xiàn)〞，以“改進，變化〞等類的詞作賓語。例如：這新發(fā)式使她的外貌產(chǎn)生了驚人的變化。Suchfilmshaveadangerousinfluenceonchildren.Myteacherinfluencedmydecisiontostudyscience.Influence

n.

指對行為、性格或觀點等產(chǎn)生潛移默化的影響

v.影響可好可壞。Influence

sb.

/sth.例如：CF:編輯課件DR_word_t3idleTheboyisreallyidle;hejustsitsaroundthehouseallday.idle:

adj.

1)lazy

2)notworkingMenareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown.3)ofnouseHiswordswerejustidlethreats;hecan’tharmus.Collocation：stand/lieidle閑著Themachinerystoodidleforamonth.編輯課件DR_word_t3breakdown1breakdown:Theelevatorsinthisbuildingarealwaysbreakingdown.Talksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedownwhenthetwosidesfailedtoreachanagreement.1)stopworking2)fail3)destroy;reduceorbereducedtopiecesTheybrokethedoordown.編輯課件DR_word_t3breakdown2Collocation：逃走，逃脫breakaway闖入，強行進入；打斷；插嘴breakin闖入，強行進入breakinto逃脫，逃出；突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)breakout突破breakthrough打碎；結(jié)束；解散；〔學校〕開始放假breakup編輯課件DR_word_t4drivehomedrivehome:

make(sth.)clearsothatpeopleunderstanditPeterwaslazy.Hisparentstriedtodrivehometohimtheimportanceofhardwork.Wemustdrivehometohimwherethedifficultieslie.我們必須使他徹底明白困難在哪里。drivesth.home(tosb.)Pattern:

編輯課件EachofthefollowingpicturesstandsforaKevinHanleyinacertainyear.MatchthepicturewiththedescriptionandthentelltheclasshowthisKevinlivesPart

2編輯課件BDGECFAKevin2050—()Kevin1835—()Kevin1928—()Kevin1945—()Kevin1966—()Kevin1990—()Kevin2021—()GR_RearrangetheOrderofthePictures2ABCDEFG編輯課件–Kevin1835,apoorpeasantinIreland–Kevin1928,asteel-millworkerinPittsburgh,U.S.A.–Kevin1945,asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy–Kevin1966,astudentwhostudiesallthetimesoastogetintocollegeandlawschool–Kevin1990,acleanerinaJapanese-ownedfactory–Kevin2021,aporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians–Kevin2050,livinginaslumandsearchingthroughtrashpilesforfoodHowthisKevinlives編輯課件DR_word_t6betteroffbetteroff:

richerthanyouwerebefore;morecomfortableIt’sobviousthatthosewhoworkhardarebetteroffthanthosewhodon’t.現(xiàn)在，中國人的生活比以前強多了。NowadaysChinesepeoplearebetteroffthantheyusedtobe.編輯課件DR_word_t7scaredscared:adj.

frightened(oftenfollowedbyof/to/that-clause)Theladyhasalwaysbeenscaredofsnakes.I’mscaredtoflyinaplane.I’mscaredthatitmightcrash.編輯課件DR_word_t10adequate1adequate:

adj.

enough(oftenfollowedbytoorfor)Isthetransportsystemadequatetodeliverthefoodtoremoteareas?對于初學者來說，這本書也夠用了。Fortheuseofbeginners,thebookisadequate.HerknowledgeofEnglishwasadequateforthejob.CF:adequate,enough&sufficient三詞均表示“足夠的”。adequate

指“能夠滿足特定的或最起碼的要求的,符合一個客觀標準,兼有適當?shù)囊馑?編輯課件DR_word_t10adequate2enough指“能夠滿足一種欲望或需要〞，比較偏重數(shù)量，并可放在所形容的名詞后面。例如：Arethereenoughapplesforeveryone?sufficient具有與

enough

相同的意思，只是更為正式，并較強調(diào)程度。

Fillintheblankswiththeadequate,enoughorsufficient.

1)Wehaven’tgot________informationfromwhichtodrawaconclusion.2)Thepianistgavean________performance.3)Thereis_________foodforsixpeople.4)Ihopeyouwillprove_________tothejob.sufficient

adequate

enough

adequate

CF:編輯課件DR_Kevin2021’st9WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatthefactoryinwhichKevin2021’sfatherworksisownedbytheJapanesenottheChineseorpeoplefromothercountries?Itcanbeinferredthatintheauthor’sopiniontheJapanesearethesymbolofsuccessbecauseoftheirhardwork,educationanddiscipline.Kevin2021’sfather,whoisofcourseKevin1990himself,worksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese.編輯課件DR_Themanexplainst111.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.那人跟凱文解釋說，如果一個人沒有錢，教育能提供積累金融資本所必需的人力資本。2.Doyouagreewiththatman’sopinion?Whyorwhynot?ThemanexplainstoKevinthatwhenamanhasnomoney,educationcansupplythehumancapitalnecessarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital.編輯課件DR_theyworkt12…theyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves.Therearethreewordsof“discipline〞inthistext(Para.19,Para.20,Para.21).TellthedifferentmeaningsoftheminChinese.Thefirst“discipline〞(Para.19)means“訓(xùn)練〞,thesecond(Para.20)means“紀律〞andthelastone(Para.21)means“約束〞.編輯課件DR_word_t12astonish1astonish:

vt.

surpriseverymuch;amazeTheyweregreatlyastonishedattheextraordinarybeautyofthepicture.Wewereastonishedtohearthathehadpassedhisdrivingtest.這三個詞在表示“使…驚異〞時，意義相近，一般以事物或人作主語；以人作主語時，一般用被動語態(tài)。它們的主要區(qū)別在于：astonish特指不可能解釋的事發(fā)生后使人產(chǎn)生較強的驚異感情。astonish表示驚異的時間較surprise長久。例如：CF:astonish,amaze,&surprise編輯課件DR_word_t12astonish2Theywereastonishedat/bythenewsofhisescape.他們對他逃跑的消息感到吃驚。Iwasamazedat/byhercalmness.amaze指帶有迷惑或贊美的驚奇，是意義很強的詞。例如：

我對她的冷靜感到驚訝?！埠小皻J佩〞之意〕surprise著重因意外之事或特殊的事而產(chǎn)生的突然反響。例如：Herfrankanswersurprisedhim.她坦率的答復(fù)使他感到驚訝。CF:編輯課件DR_word_t12miraclemiracle:

n.

anamazingorwonderfulevent,esp.sth.thathappensunexpectedlyTherewasasevereearthquakeinthatarea,butbyamiracle,noonewaskilledinit.Theteachertoldmethatit’dbeamiracleifIpassedtheexamination.Itwasamiraclethatthepilotlandedtheplaneinthatsnowstorm.marvel：側(cè)重異乎尋常，奇怪，從而使人好奇。miracle：一般指被認為是人力所辦不到的奇異之事。wonder：通常指使人驚奇的事跡、人物或景觀，主要指人創(chuàng)造的奇跡。編輯課件DR_word_t12facultyForawomanof85,shestillhasallherfaculties.2)alltheteachersofauniversityorcollegeItisamyththatthefacultyofhearingisgreatlyincreasedinblindpeople.faculty:n.

1)mentalandphysicalabilitiesAftersevenyearsofstudy,hesucceededinjoiningthefacultyofColumbiaUniversity.編輯課件DR_SorryPopt12“Sorry,Pop,〞Kevin1990says.“Ihavetostudy.〞1.Whydoestheboysayso?Becausehisdreammakeshimknowtheimportanceofeducationandhehasmadeuphismindtostudyhard.2.Canyouimaginehisfather’sreactiontotheboy’sanswer?編輯課件Usefulexpressions編輯課件AR_UsefulExpressions1UsefulExpressions

1.用完了runoutof2.一大把ahandfulof3.為…感到難過beupsetby…4.私立大學aprivatecollege5.問題的一小局部atinysliceoftheproblem6.對…毫不在乎achillingindifferenceabout…7.跟…競爭competewith…編輯課件AR_UsefulExpressions2atsomepointsoonwayoflifemanualworkdrive…h(huán)omeahumblesuggestionasthestoryopensgoshoppingfor…8.用不了多久的某個時候9.生活方式10.體力勞動11.使徹底認識到…

12.愚見13.故事開始時14.去商店買…

編輯課件AR_UsefulExpressions315.使某人入睡 putsb.tosleep16.固定工資steadywages17.他把希望寄托在…身上hishopeliesin…18.比…的境遇好多了befarbetteroffthan…19.從廢墟中站起來risefromtheashes20.

躍入眼簾catchone’seye編輯課件Textanalysis編輯課件1.Stylestudy:parallelismfigureofspeechParallelismistheuseofcomponentsinasentencethatare

grammaticallythesame;orsimilarintheirconstruction,sound,meaning,ormeter.Thismethodaddsbalanceandrhythmtosentences,givingideas

asmootherflowandthuspersuasiveness,becauseoftherepetitionitemploys.(1)Planeswillcrash.

Computerswilljam.Carswillbreakdown.(Line28)(2)Heisalwayshot,

alwayshungry,alwaysscared.(line54)Helivesinaslumwhere(3)thereisnoheat,

noplumbing,noprivacy.(line79)編輯課件For

example:

Theneighbormaystealyourmoney,yourfriendmaycheatyou,yourwifemayleaveyou,yoursonmayneglectyou,butyourdogwillbewithyou,whetheryouarerichorpoor.Classwork:

parallelismatleast3sentences編輯課件AR_WritingPractice1.12.CauseandEffectEssayWritingCauseandeffectessaysareconcernedwithwhythingshappen(cause)andwhathappensasaresult(effect).Causeandeffectisacommonmethodoforganizinganddiscussingideas.Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoudraftthistypeofessay:編輯課件AR_WritingPractice1.2Distinguishbetweencauseandeffect.Todeterminecauses,ask,“Whydidthishappen?〞Toidentifyeffects,ask,“Whathappenedbecauseofthis?〞Developyourthesisstatement.Stateclearlywhetheryouarediscussingcauses,effects,orboth.Introduceyourmainidea,usingtheterms“cause〞and/or“effect〞.Findandorganizesupportingdetails.Backupyourthesiswithrelevantandsufficientdetailsthatareorganized.Useappropriatetransitions.Toblenddetailssmoothlyincauseandeffectessays,usethetransitionalwordsandphrases.編輯課件AR_WritingPractice2ASampleStamp-collectingisanexcellenthobbyformanyreasons.First,everyone,youngandold,canparticipate.Second,itisnotexpensive.Expensiveequipmentisnotnecessary.Third,