銀行海外擴張中英文對照外文翻譯文獻

銀行海外擴張中英文對照外文翻譯文獻銀行海外擴張中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)OverseasExpansionChina'sbanksarelaunchingoverseasexpansionprojectswhilemultinationalbanksvietostartoperationsinChinaByTANWEITheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC),theworld'sbiggestlenderbymarketvalue,willacquirea20-percentstakeinSouthAfrica'sStandardBankfor$5.5billion,saidICBCPresidentYangKaisheng,atthe4thAnnualConferenceofInternationalFinanceForumjustconcludedonNovember8.Iftheacquisitionisclosedsmoothly,itwillbeamilestoneforChina'scommercialbanksthatarestrivingtodeliverabetterperformanceontheglobalfinancialstage.DifferingfromthesmallBankHalimofIndonesiaandSengHengBankofMacaowhichtheChinesebankpurchasedseveralmonthsago,StandardBankofSouthAfricaistrulyamajorinternationalbank.StandardBankhasapresencein18Africancountriesand19majorfinancialcentersinEurope,NorthAmericaandAsia,andisfocusingitsexpansioninburgeoningmarkets.IttoppedallotherAfricanbanksintermsofassetsandprofitsandranked106thintheTop1,000WorldBanksbyTheBankermagazinelastyear.Besidesthisrecentnews,ChinaMinshengBankCorp.alsoannouncedonOctober8thatitwouldpayupto2.5billionyuan($333.3million)fora9.9-percentstakeinUCBHHoldingInc.,theNasdaq-listedparentcompanyofU.S.-basedUnitedCommercialBank.ThiswasthefirstoverseasacquisitionoftheBeijing-basedmid-sizedlenderaswellasthefirsteveracquisitionofaU.S.bankbyaChinesebank.OnNovember8,ChinaMerchantsBankgotthegreenlightfromtheU.S.FederalReserveforopeningabranchinNewYork-thefirstnodgivenbythefinancialsecuritywatchdogtoaChinesebankforbranchoperationsinU.S.territoryafteritimplementedtheForeignBankSupervisionEnhancementActof1991(FBSEA).Inrecentyears,moreChinesebanksincludingtheBankofChina(BOC),ChinaConstructionBank(CCB)andChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB)haveconcludedoverseasacquisitionsdeals."ThedomesticmarketwillremainthemajorsourceofprofitsforChinesebanksforquitealongperiodoftime,"saidGuoTianyong,DirectoroftheResearchCenteroftheChineseBankingIndustryundertheCentralUniversityofFinanceandEconomics."ButconfrontedwithforeignbankskeenonsecuringlargerstakesintheChinesemarket,Chinesebankshavetogetstrongerthroughinvestingoverseas,andit'sundoubtedlyaneffectivewaytolowerrisks."BiggerandstrongerThetwo-wayopeningupofChina'sfinancialindustry-allowingforeignbankstoinvestintheChinesemarketandencouragingdomesticbankstoseeksharesofoverseasmarkets--isatrendofglobalization,saidPengXingyun,aresearcherwiththeFinancialResearchCenterundertheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.NobodywouldhavetakenPeng'sopinionseriouslyifhehadexpresseditseveralyearsagowhenalmostallChina'scommercialbankssufferedfromnon-performingloans(NPLs)accumulatedbeforethe1990s,andextremelylowcapitaladequacyrateswhichfailedtooffsetanyrisk."HugechangeshavetakenplaceinChina'sbankingindustryinrecentyears,"saidPeng.China'sbankingsectorhastakenonanewlookduetothefactthatallmajorstate-ownedcommercialbankshavetakenpainstoridthemselvesofhistoricalburdens,loweringtherateofNPLsandpreparingforIPOsthroughshareholdingreformoverthepastseveralyears.Forexample,CCB,BOC,ICBCandsomeregionalshareholdingbankshavebeenlistedonthestockmarketandattractedoverseasstrategicinvestorsinsuccessionafter2003.BySeptember30,2007,ICBC,CCBandBOCranked,respectively,theworld'sfirst,fifthandsixthlargestlistedbanksbymarketvalue.IthasbeenamustchoiceforChineseenterpriseseagertoovercometheirdevelopmentbottlenecktoinvestoverseasinordertoobtainresources,energies,brandinfluenceandsaleschannels,andthebankingsectorisnoexception."It'stherighttimeforChinesebankstolaunchoverseasexpansion,"saidLuoZhiheng,GeneralManagerofBOCIResearchLtd."Thegreatpressureofrenminbiappreciationandexcessdomesticliquidityneedstobeeasedbyinvestingoverseas,andbesides,itwillbeagoodbargainforChinesebankstopurchaseinternationalfinancialassetsagainstthebackdropofChina'sbullishstockmarketsandexcessforeignexchangereserves."Bytheendofthethirdquarterthisyear,China'sforeignexchangereserveshadswelledto$1.43trillion,remainingtheworld'slargest.Chinastillfacessevereliquidity.Thenetinjectionofmoneywas195.8billionyuan($26.1billion)forthefirstthreequartersofthisyear,ayear-on-yearincreaseof30.2billionyuan($4.0billion).Asasolution,thegovernmenthasfoundedtheChinaInvestmentCorp.tosoakupexcessliquidityandatthesametimemoderatelyreleasedliquidityandincreasedqualifieddomesticinstitutionalinvestor(QDII)quotastoencouragetheoutflowofcapitalfromChina."Againstthisbackdrop,Chinesebankscouldavoidrisksintheexchangeratemarketandhelptoeasethepressureonthegovernmentfromitshugeforexreservesthroughoverseasassetsacquisition,"saidGuo.CaiEsheng,ViceChairmanoftheChinaBankingRegulatoryCommission(CBRC),madeitexplicitthattheCBRCwouldactivelyencourageandsupportChinesefinancialinstitutionstoseekoverseasexpansion.Steppingstonestosuccess"Cross-bordermergersandacquisitionshavebeenamajormethodforamajorityofChinesebankstotackleoverseasmarketsinrecentyears,"saidYang."Theworld'stop10banksbymarketvaluelastyearallgotbiggerthroughmergerandacquisitionactivities."AccordingtoXiaBin,DirectoroftheInstituteofFinanceResearchundertheDevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncil,overseasacquisitionisthemostconvenientwayforbankstoimplementglobalexpansionstrategiesasithelpstoaugmenttheircapitalsize."Thesizeofabankchangesindirectproportiontocustomertrustaswellasthebank'smarketshare,"saidXia."Animpressivesizeendowsabankwithacompetitiveedge,andacquisitionalsohelpsabanktosaveresources,optimizeresourceallocation,increaseitsmarketshares,loweritsoperationalcostsandaugmentitsprofits."BurgeoningmarketsarethetargetsofacquisitionformanyChinesebanks."ICBCwillparticularlykeepaneyeontheemergingmarketsbecauseofthehighgrowthanddevelopmentpotentialthere,"saidJiangJianqing,ICBC'sBoardChairman,explainingwhytheytookaninterestinSouthAfrica'sStandardBank."Besides,thebankingsectorinthesemarketsopensupfastertoallowinmoreandmorecross-borderacquisitions."China'sbankshaveseldomgainedafootholdinregionsenjoyinghugebusinesspotentialsuchasSouthAsia,theMiddleEast,AfricaandLatinAmerica,WangLijun,GeneralManagerofBOC'sOverseasBranchDepartment,pointedout.ButforChina'scommercialbanks,theseregionswillofferremarkableopportunitiesforbusinessexpansionandgrowth."TheAsianmarketwillbecomeamainstageforChinesebankstocarryouttheiroverseasexpansionstrategiesinthecomingfewyears,"Guosaid."ComparedwiththeEuropeanandAmericanfinancialmarketswherethesupervisionisrigid,thecostishighandthechancesarerareforanyacquisition,theAsianmarketsprovidehugepotentialforprofitsanddemandlowcostsforacquisition."RisksanduncertaintiesOverseasexpansionhasneverbeenassmoothasambitiousChinesebankshaveexpected.Forinstance,ChinaDevelopmentBankandChinaStateInvestmentCo.aresufferingheavylossesfromtheiroverseasinvestments,respectivelyinBarclaysBankofEnglandandtheU.S.BlackstoneGroup.AccordingtoLuo,themajorproblemwithChinesebanks'overseasexpansionishighbidding."Evensomelargematurebankswillmakesuchmistakes,"saidLuo,citingthefamousdealoftheDevelopmentBankofSingapore(DBS)acquiringHongKong'sDaoHengBankin2001.DBSmergedDaoHengatapricethreetimeshigherthanitsbookvalue,andasaresultaterm"Singaporepremium"wascreatedtorefertoacquisitionsatahighpriceintheinternationalfinancialmarket.Currently,inotherfieldsofmergerandacquisition,theterm"Chinapremium"isprevailing.Whetheritwillbefrequentlyreferredtointhebankingacquisitionlexiconremainsaquestion.Furthermore,lackofexperiencewillalsobringChinesebanksgreatrisksincross-borderacquisitions."Apartfromeconomicrisks,therearealsorisksrelatedtopoliticsandsovereignty,"saidPeng."SomeWesterncountries,infearofChina'srapideconomicgrowthandglobalizationprogress,willconsolidatetheirpoliticalintentionsandfomentnationalistagitationsinitspeople."High-qualityservicesaretheonlykeyforChinesebankstotackleoverseasmarkets,accordingtoGuo."Thebiggestriskrestswithwhethertheycanadapttheirmanagementstyletotheneedsofoverseasoperations,"saidGuo.GuoalsopointedoutthatChina'scommercialbanks,exceptfortheBankofChina,alllackexperienceinoverseasoperationsandremaindomesticbankintermsoftheirmanagement,businessconcepts,andthecompetitivenessoftheirstaff.**OverseasAcquisitionsbyChineseBanks**TheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC)October2007:TheICBCannounceditwouldacquirea20-percentstakeinSouthAfrica'sStandardBankfor$5.5billiontobecomeitslargestshareholder.August2007:TheICBCpaid$583millionforan80-percentstakeintheSengHengBankofMacao.December2006:TheICBCacquiredacontrolling90-percentstakeoftheBankHalimofIndonesia,whichmarkedtheworld'slargestlender'sfirstoverseasacquisition.ChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB)July-August2007:TheCDBsignedapurchaseagreementandacooperationmemorandumwithBarclaysBankofEnglandonJuly23,andpaid$3billionfora3.1-percentstakeinBarclays'existingsharecapitalinAugust.ChinaConstructionBank(CCB)August2006:TheCCBagreedtobuyouttheBankofAmerica'sHongKongandMacaooperationsfor$1.2billion.海外拓展中資銀行開展海外擴張項目，而跨國銀行爭先恐后地在中國開始運營中國工商銀行（ICBC），全球最大市值的貸款人，將以55億美元收購南非標準銀行百分之二十的股份，工商銀行總裁楊凱生在11月8日剛剛結束第四屆國際金融論壇年會宣稱。如果收購順利結束，這將是中國正在努力登上全球金融舞臺更好的證明，中資商業(yè)銀行的一個里程碑。與數(shù)個月前中資銀行在澳門購買了小印尼哈利姆銀行和澳門誠興銀行不同的是，南非標準銀行是一個真正的大型國際銀行。南非標準銀行已在18個非洲國家和在歐洲19個主要國家，北美和亞洲的金融中心存在，目前正集中在新興市場的擴張。它資產(chǎn)和收益方面超越其他所有非洲國家的銀行，去年被評為銀行家雜志第106屆世界前1000家銀行。除此之外最新消息，10月8日中國民生銀行公司還宣布，將支付高達以25.00億元（三萬三千三百三十點〇〇〇萬美元）收購聯(lián)合銀行控股公司在納斯達克上市的母公司為基礎美國商業(yè)銀行9.9個百分點股份，。這是北京第一次收購海外中型銀行，以及中資銀行首次對一家美國銀行進行收購。11月8日，中國招商銀行在紐約開立了第一個中資銀行在美國境內(nèi)分行，自1991年實施對外資銀行監(jiān)管的美國聯(lián)邦儲備加強法（FBSEA）后。近年來，更多的中資銀行包括中國銀行（香港），中國建設銀行（CCB）和中國開發(fā)銀行（CDB）都已達成的協(xié)議的海外收購。“國內(nèi)市場是中資銀行利潤的主要來源將維持一段頗長時間，”根據(jù)中國銀行業(yè)研究中心主任中央財經(jīng)大學郭天勇說?！暗?，面臨敏銳的外資銀行關于確保在中國市場上取得更大的份額，中資銀行必須通過海外投資得到加強，并且它將無疑是一個有效的方法來降低風險?！弊龃笞鰪娭袊鹑跇I(yè)最新的雙向開放允許外資銀行投資于中國市場，鼓勵國內(nèi)銀行尋求海外市場的股票是一個全球化的趨勢，中國社會科學院金融研究中心研究員彭興韻說。沒有人會認真采取彭興韻的意見，如果他曾表示，在數(shù)年前20世紀90年代中國幾乎所有的商業(yè)銀行不是因為不良貸款（NPL）的積累就是因為極低的資本充足率而未能抵消任何風險?！爸袊y行業(yè)在近年來發(fā)生巨大的變化”彭說。中國銀行業(yè)已煥然一新的原因是，實際上在過去數(shù)年所有主要的國有商業(yè)銀行已盡力擺脫自己的歷史包袱，降低不良貸款率和準備通過股份制改革上市。例如，建行，中行，工行和一些股份制銀行紛紛在區(qū)域股市上市，，2003年后相繼吸引了在海外戰(zhàn)略投資者。到2007年9月30日，工行，建行和中行在上市銀行的市場價值排名中，分別是世界第一，第五和第六。這已是中國企業(yè)必須的選擇，渴望克服其發(fā)展的瓶頸到海外投資，以獲取資源，能源，品牌影響力和銷售渠道，在銀行界也不例外?！斑@是中資銀行推行海外擴張的適當時機”羅之珩說，中銀國際有限公司總經(jīng)理說：“人民幣升值，國內(nèi)流動性過剩的巨大壓力需要通過海外投資緩解，而且，這將是中資銀行，在中國的看漲股市和超額外匯儲備的不利背景下購買國際金融資產(chǎn)良好商討條件?！敖刂恋谌径饶?，今年中國的外匯儲備已膨脹至1.43萬億美元，成為世界上最大的外匯儲備。中國仍然面臨嚴重的流動性過剩。在今年前三季度貨幣首凈注資1958.0億元（二百六十一萬點零零萬美元），較去年同期為30.2億元人民幣（40億美元）增加。作為解決方案，政府已成立了中國投資公司以吸收過剩的流動資金，同時適度增加釋放的流動性和合格境內(nèi)機構投資者（QDII）配額，以鼓勵中國的資本流出。在此背景下“，中國銀行通過收購海外資產(chǎn)可避免匯率的市場風險，并有助于緩解政府的巨額外匯儲備的壓力，”郭說。中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會（銀監(jiān)會）蔡鄂生副主席，作出明確表示，銀監(jiān)會將積極鼓勵和支持中國金融機構尋求海外擴張。成功的基石“跨國并購近年來已經(jīng)成為了大部分中資銀行進入海外市場的主要方法”楊揚說道?！笆澜缡笫兄点y行去年全年通過了更大的合并和收購活動?！睋?jù)國務