沖刺2023年高考英語真題重組卷（北京專用）重組卷03-（北京卷）（解析版）

絕密★啟用前

沖刺2023年高考英語真題重組卷03

北京地區(qū)專用（解析版）

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮

擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，

并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

（2022?北京?人大附中模擬題）Iwasthefoolatschool,regardedasaspecialneedsstudent.Iwastermedas

such.

Overtime,Istartedtobelieveinmystupidity.IacceptedthefactthatIwasinspecialneedsclassesand

poureditoutasangeranddepression.Butoneactivity]thisviewofmyself:chess.

IstartedtoplaychesswithmyfatherafterschoolsimplybecauseIwantedto2himatsomething.

Myfatherwasasmartman.So,winninginchessagainstmyfatherwouldbea3thatIhadintellectual

power.Onthesmallchessboard,Ihadachancetoovercomemyso-calledinability.Gameaftergame,oneweekend,

Ifinallycheckmatedmyfatheronaferryride,whichmademefeel4.

Twoyearslater,Ijoinedmyschoolchessteam.Therecameachancetoplayagainstthebestplayersinother

states.

Mymost5gamecameinthefinalround.Itwasactuallyamatchbetweenaspecialneedsstudentand

asmartsoul.Myopponentwasplayingwellandkept6whileIkeptdefendingtokeepmykingsafe.

Withlittle7left,hestartedtomakerapidmoves.8hecouldmakethefinaldecision,heranout

oftime.Honestly,ashisclockflagfell,Ijumpedupoutofmyseatandkissedtheflooroutofexcitement.Of

courseitwasnotthemostsportsmen-like9.butIcouldnotcontrolmyemotions.

Whileholdingmywinner'scup,IknewIwasnot10.Theinferioritycomplexhadmeltedaway,and

Irealizedthatunderneathourthoughts,eachpersonisagenius.

1.A.changedB?supportedC.questionedD.showed

2.A.pleaseB.comfortC.beatD.disturb

3.A.dreamB?lessonC.theoryD.sign

4.A.oveijoyedB?disappointedC.puzzledD.interested

5.A.terribleB.memorableC.dangerousD.popular

6.A.attackingB.smilingC.pausingD.escaping

7.A.patienceB.timeC.energyD.wisdom

8.A.OnceB.UntilC.BeforeD.Unless

9.A.spiritB.thoughtC.commentD.behavior

10.A.proudB?stupidC-brightD.lazy

【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者是一個學習不好的孩子，但通過下象棋，并最終在象棋錦標

賽中獲得冠軍，又重新找回了自信的故事。

I.A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但有一項活動改變了我對自己的看法：國際象棋。A.changed改

變；C.supported支持；C.questioned質問：D.showed展示。根據(jù)前一句"IacceptedthefactthatIwasin

specialneedsclassesandpoureditoutasangeranddepression.（我接受了我在上特殊需求課程的事實，并

把它作為憤怒和沮喪發(fā)泄出來。戶和轉折連詞bul可知，作者改變了對自己的看法。故選A。

2.C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：放學后，我開始和父親下棋，只是因為我想在某些方面打敗他。

A.please使?jié)M意；B.comfort安慰；C.beat打敗;D.disturb打擾。根據(jù)后文“winninginchessagainstmy

father...”可知，作者想打敗父親。故選C。

3.D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，在國際象棋中贏了我父親將是我有智力的標志。A.dream

夢想;B.lesson功課;C.theory理論；D.sign標志,跡象。根據(jù)空前“winninginchessagainstmyfather”

可知，作者認為自己在國際象棋中贏了父親就是表示自己智力很好的標志。故選D。

4.A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個周末，一場接一場的比賽，我終于在一次比賽中戰(zhàn)勝了我

的父親，這讓我非常高興。A.overjoyed欣喜若狂的；B.disappointed失望的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.

interested有趣的。根據(jù)空前描述可知，因為作者在象棋比賽中戰(zhàn)勝了父親，山此可知，作者很開心。

故選Ao

5.B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我最難忘的比賽是在最后一輪。A.terrible糟糕的，可怕的；B.

memorable難忘的：C.dangerous危險的：D.popular受歡迎的。根據(jù)文章最后一句"Theinferioritycomplex

hadmeltedaway,andIrealizedthatunderneathourthoughts,eachpersonisagenius,（自卑感消失了，我意

識到，在我們的思想深處，每個人都是天才。）”可知，因為作者有了新的認識，由此可知，最后一輪比

賽讓作者難忘。故選Bo

6.A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的對手打得很好，一直在進攻，而我一直在防守，以保證我的“國

王'’的安全。A.attacking進攻；B.smiling微笑；C.pausing暫停;D.escaping逃跑。根據(jù)空后“Ikept

defending”可知，對手進攻，作者在防守。故選A。

7.B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：時間所剩無幾，他開始快速走棋。A.patience耐心；B.time時間；

C.energy能量；D.wisdom智慧。根據(jù)空后“hestartedtomakerapidmoves.”可知，因為時間不多了，所

以作者開始快速走棋。故選B。

8.C【解析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：在他做出最后的決定之前，他已經(jīng)沒有時間了。A.Once一旦；

B.Until直到；C.Before在..之前；D.Unless除非。根據(jù)后文“Honestly,ashisclockflagfdl,【jumped

upoutofmyseatandkissedtheflooroutofexcitement.”可知，因為作者獲勝了，所以對手做出決定前，

就用完時間了。故選C。

9.D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當然，這不是最像運動員的行為，但我不能控制我的情緒。A.spirit

精神；B.thought想法;C.comment評論；D.behavior行為。根據(jù)前文“Ijumpedupoutofmyseatandkissed

theflooroutofexcitement.”可知，作者獲勝慶祝的行為不像運動員所為。故選D。

10.B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我捧著冠軍獎杯的時候，我知道我并不愚蠢。A.proud驕傲

的；B.stupid愚蠢的；C.bright明亮的,聰明的;D.lazy懶惰的。根據(jù)前文第二段“Overtime,Istartedto

believeinmystupidity.“可知，獲勝時，作者明白了自己并不是愚蠢。故選B。

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2020?北京?高考真題)Apieceofstone11(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthuman

relatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals12(live)

alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.

Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere13

(smart)thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggestsotherwise.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明已經(jīng)滅絕的人類親戚尼安

德特人比我們之前認為的更聰明。

11.found【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明，我們已經(jīng)滅絕的人類親

戚尼安德特人比我們之前認為的更聰明。句子的謂語為suggests,設空處在句中作非謂語和邏輯主語之

間是邏輯的被動關系。故答案為found。

12.lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：尼安德特人與人類祖先一起在歐

洲生活了數(shù)萬年，直到大約4萬年前滅絕。設空處在句中作謂語，結合句意，此處是指在滅絕之前一

直生活了數(shù)萬年。設空處的動作發(fā)生在滅絕之前，結合時間狀語fortensofthousandsofyears。故應用

過去完成時態(tài)或者過去完成進行時態(tài)；又因動作發(fā)生在過去，強調過去發(fā)生的動作，也可用一般過去

時。故答案為lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving。

13.smarter【解析】考查形容詞的比較級。句意：但長期以來，人們一直認為人類祖先比尼安德特人更聰

明。設空處前為were設空處應用形容詞，設空處后的than表示比較，應用比較級。故答案為smarter。

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2019?北京?高考真題)EarthDay,14(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublic

awarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated151970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmore

than190countriesandregions(地區(qū)).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious

16(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwilhlocallygrownvegetables,orsave

power-thepossibilitiesareendless.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了地球日這一節(jié)日的歷史和意義。

14.marked【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：地球「I于4月22n舉行，是一項旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識的年

度活動。分析句式可知，設空處是要作名詞EarthDay的后置定語，且兩者之間是被動關系，要用過去分詞。

故填markedo

15.in【解析】考查介詞。句意：第一次慶祝是在1970年。如今，這一天的活動遍及190多個國家和地區(qū)。

在年份前耍用介詞in。故填in。

16.activities【解析】考查名詞。句意：無論你喜歡做什么，有一個方法可以讓你參與地球日的各種活動。

根據(jù)設空前的修飾詞various可知，此處要用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填activities。

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2022?北京?高考真題)Sincepeoplecan'talwayseatoutorcookfor17(they),theygettakeoutororder

delivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,

bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.That,sabigproblemanditisgettingeven

19（bad）.Theuseofthoseplastics20（increase）by300%since2019.Theworldwon'tsurvive

ifthissituationcontinues.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。講述了人們在點外賣的同時，也增加了塑料產(chǎn)品的使用，造成了環(huán)境污染。

17.themselves【解析】考查反身代詞。句意：因為人們不能總是在外面吃飯或者為他們自己做飯，所以他

們叫外賣或者預定配送服務。空處在句中作介詞for的賓語，當主語和賓語為同一物時，賓語要用反身代

詞。所以此處要用反身代詞themselveso故填themselveso

18.which【解析】考查定語從句。句意：這包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多數(shù)（東西）只能使用一次。分

析可知，mostofareonlygoodforoneuse在句中為非限制性定語從句；先行詞為cups,bottles,and

bags,在從句中作介詞of的賓語，所以此處用關系代詞which。故填which。

19.worse【解析】考查比較級。句意：這是個大問題，而且越來越嚴重。even“甚至”常置于比較級前，所以

此處用worse,故填worseo

2O.hasincreased【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：自從2019年，那些塑料的使用已經(jīng)增加了300%。根據(jù)句

中since2019,可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語Theuseof（hoseplastics為單數(shù)含義，助動詞用has。故填has

increasedo

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上

將該項涂黑。

A

（2021?北京?高考真題）Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,then

anintemship（實習）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.

Whocanapply?

Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies；or.

Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree.

Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnical

institution.

Whataretherequirements?

Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.

Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.

Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.

Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.

Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.

Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?

Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.

Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyour

internship.

Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthe

targetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageupto

USD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.

Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.

Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.

YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedo

notrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdate

withinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.

21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.

A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscience

B.haveinternationalworkexperience

C.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench

D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution

22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?

A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.

B.Trainingincommunicationskills.

C.Amedicalcertificateforwork.

D.Financialsupportfbrtravel.

23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?

A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.Getaccesstothedatabase.

C.Keepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamfbrsixmonths.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，主要講的是聯(lián)合國教科文組織的實習項目。

21.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whataretherequirements?部分的Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌

握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench（你應該精通英語或法語）可知，申請者必須精通英語或法語，故選C。

22.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?部分的UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurance

coverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod（聯(lián)合國教科文組織將為實習期間提供不超過3萬美元的有

限保險）可知，教科文組織為實習期間提供有限的醫(yī)療保險，故選A。

23.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingoutthe

叩plicationform（在填寫申請表之前，你應該準備好你的動機信）可知，在填寫申請表之前，申請人應將動

機信放在手邊，故選C。

B

（2020?北京?高考真題）Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselfto

re-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-century

Frenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingto

findingthebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhis

ownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthor

described."YousimplycantgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutitJshesays.

ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplaying

aroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhow

theyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.It

canevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicinefor

eveproblemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.

Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowanobjectwasmadein

ordertopreserveit.What*smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebefore

timeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.These

sculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan*tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeing

worksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandscienceback

together:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlights

experimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.

Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphiIosophy^^—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelp

inunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修補）,

ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.

Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestof

ourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

24.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?

A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.

B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.

C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.

D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.

25.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto.

A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmen

C.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers

26.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?

A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.

B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.

C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.

D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.

27.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtists

B.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheories

C.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists

D.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述科學家PaulaSmith致力于對?古代手工技能的研究，認為科學家

如果能夠把古代的手工技能和現(xiàn)代的科學方法結合起來，就能夠創(chuàng)造更大成就。

24.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygrasp

anyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreading

aboutit,"shesays:,讓史密斯震驚的主要是，她并沒有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她說廣你根本

無法通過閱讀來了解這些手工作品?！庇纱丝芍x完這份法國手稿，這種手工技能讓史密斯感到震驚，

故選D。

25.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturies

agocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,9,重建幾個世紀前工匠的作品，

可以揭示他們如何看待世界，他們的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是為了了解工匠。故

選B。

26.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.One

mustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonly

waytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.”史密斯說，這項工作也給博物館帶來

了深刻的見解。為了保存它，一個人必須知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一

的方法，以了解寶藏磨損之前的樣子。因此可知，博物館要想很好保存物品，必須要知道這件物品是

如何制成的，也是在強調手工技能的價值，故選D。

27.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceand

craftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmodeminsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史

密斯說，如果我們能重新發(fā)現(xiàn)實踐經(jīng)驗和工藝的價值，我們就能將現(xiàn)代的最好見解與我們祖先的靈巧

結合起來。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科學家能把古代的手工技巧同現(xiàn)代的理論結合起來，

就能夠獲得更多的成就。C選項CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工之造就了更好的科學家，符合

文章主題，適合做標題，故選C。

C

（2022?北京?北師大實驗中學模擬題）Agroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshoulderto

shoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhaps

they'renotsodifferent.

Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatthevulturine

guineafowlofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocial

structuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.

Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.They

mayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies（等級制度）,butatothertimestheyengageinfriendly

behaviourslikesharingfood.

Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudy

oftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinunique

combinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58

birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.

Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatthevulturineguineafowlhaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroups

withingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups.

Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.

AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird'stinybrainsize:"Theydon'tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativeto

mammals（哺孚L動物）,theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,“hesaid.

Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.

Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhich

groupit'slookingat-noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsolet

animalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey'refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesor

resourcesarearound,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.

“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,"Dr.Farinesaid.Theremaybemore

birdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocietiesasmany-leveledasourown.

28.Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryoutthestudy?

A.TheguineafowPssocialbehaviour.B.Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.

C.Hisinterestinanimalbrainpower.D.Thefaultsinearlierresearch.

29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Theresearchsubjects.B.Theresearchmethods.

C.Theresearchfindings.D.Theresearchequipment.

30.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Complexsocialsystemscanbeadisadvantagetotheguineafowl.

B.Theguineafowlaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.

C.Birdsmaintainsocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.

D.Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講J‘鳥類學家DamienFarine團隊在非洲東部的一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):

小腦動物也有多層次的社會結構。

28.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineand

hiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety/由于懷疑珍珠雞可能有社會結構,Farine博士和他的

同事們開始對它們的社會進行深入研究。廠可知，珍珠雞的社會行為和社會結構讓Farine博士和他的

同事們有所懷疑，所以他們進行了徹底的研究。故選A。

29.B【解析】主旨大意題。由第四段中的“Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Coloured

legbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPS

devicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday,（一整年，

他們每天觀察441只鳥。獨特組合的彩色腿帶讓研究人員區(qū)分了黑藍色的鳥類。他們還在58只鳥的背

上安裝了GPS設備，讓它們一天24小時準確地看到每一組鳥的去向。廣可知，這段主要是講述他們團

隊如何研究觀察的，即他們的研究方法。故選B。

30.D【解析】推理判斷題。由最后一段“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,Dr.

Farinesaid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocieties

asmany-leveledasourown."（擁有一個多層次的結構可能不需要有一個大的大腦，”法林博士說?？赡?/p>

還有更多的鳥類和其他動物，雖然它們的大腦很小，但它們的社會像我們人類的社會一樣多層次。）可

知，腦容量小的動物可以形成多層次的社會結構。故選D。

D

（2022?北京?高考真題）Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeen

sendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.

I'vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIsee

assomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanies

haveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantum

machinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedircction.^^Thisis

thesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep.

“What'snew,“Johnsonwrote,4tisthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputing

researchers.^^

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,the

publicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,

excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshave

gonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,

Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand.^^

AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmyquestionsabout

PyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson'sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthose

concernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）"tobuildinga"usefUl”

quantumcomputer,onethat"solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise?*

Headds,"Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhat

wearedoingwithothers.^^

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin"，asTaylorclaims?Idon'tknow.

I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,just

asItrustJohnson.

31.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

32.WhatleadstoTaylor'soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone“inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？“，計算機科學家克

里斯?約翰遜和物理學家菲利普?泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。

31,A［解析］推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,

researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork's

potential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentand

anger,Johnsonwarns.（隨著量子計算吸引了更多的關注和資金，研究人員可能會誤導投資者、記者、

公眾，最糟糕的是，他們自己的工作潛力。約翰遜警告說，如果研究人員不能兌現(xiàn)承諾，興奮可能會

讓位于懷疑、失望和憤怒）”根據(jù)最后一段“But【trustTaylor,justas【trustJohnson."（但我相信泰勒，就

像我相信約翰遜一樣）可知，關于約翰遜的擔憂，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，贊同的；B.

unconcerned不關心的；C.doubtful懷疑的；D.excited激動的。故選A。

32.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylarge

margin（幅度）"tobuildinga“useful“quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwe

wouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butI

havespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers?'（他說，這家公司比其他

任何公司都“在很大程度上“接近于制造出“有用的”量子計算機，它“解決了一個有影響力的問題，否則

我們無法解決這個問題他補充說:“人們自然會不相信我的觀點，但我已經(jīng)花了很多時間來定量地比

較我們與他人的做法）”可知，泰勒對量子計算的樂觀來源于他對PyQuantum的信心。故選C。

33.A【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三自然段“ButsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallyEione

tohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbea