2023年北京卷英語真題試卷學(xué)情檢測調(diào)研試卷（附答案）

2023-2024學(xué)年北京卷英語真題模擬試卷學(xué)情檢測調(diào)研試卷一、完形填空（本大題共1小題）Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的).Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven1,soitwassurprisingI’d2toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice—towriteafiveessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat-postponingthepain.WhenIfinallysatdownto3,IbeganwiththereasonsMs.Blackwouldwanttohear.Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom4.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.”Thepagesbegan5.Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill6,“Fivepages!That’simpossible!”“Well,you’dbettergetbacktowork,”shesaid.“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou’rethrough.”Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda7—atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.8,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.Thenextday,whenMs.Blackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould9theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My10stillneededsomenudging(激發(fā)),butIdidlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.1．A．freer B．shyer C．calmer D．happier2．A．nod B．point C．listen D．chat3．A．weep B．rest C．write D．read4．A．learning B．playing C．planning D．laughing5．A．standingout B．flyingby C．breakingup D．checkingin6．A．celebrating B．longing C．complaining D．warning7．A．lecture B．reason C．reward D．solution8．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Meanwhile D．Instead9．A．hope B．imagine C．tell D．predict10．A．patience B．confidence C．tolerance D．independence二、語法填空（本大題共3小題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守時(shí)).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I11(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup12(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest13(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When14(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect15(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China16(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention17globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,18conference.Sheattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction19(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld20(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.三、閱讀選擇（本大題共5小題）TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(沖刺).4-WeekLearningSprintThe4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants?Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.?Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.?Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21．Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill.A．createchangeintheircommunity B．a(chǎn)ttendavirtuallearningprogrammeC．meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds D．promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject22．IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto.A．completeareflectiontaskeachweek B．watchsportsontheIOCchannelC．workonasport-basedproject D．coachandadvisetheirpeers23．Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A．Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood. B．Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.C．Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning. D．Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振動(dòng))inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(視角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.24．Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender’sname?A．Anxious. B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled.25．AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto.A．criticisethereviewprocess B．staylongerintheSaharaDesertC．a(chǎn)pplytotheoriginalprojectagain D．puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork26．Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas.A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．a(chǎn)musing27．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Aninvitationisareputation. B．Aninnovationisaresolution.C．Arejectioncanbearedirection. D．Areflectioncanbearestriction.Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(犧牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People’shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.28．TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto.A．drawacomparisonB．introduceatopicC．evaluateastatementD．highlightaproblem29．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B．Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C．Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D．Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.30．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B．Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.C．Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.D．Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混亂的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行線)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.31．RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful32．Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture. B．ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C．AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife. D．AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B．LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C．LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D．LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.35WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A．Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B．Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C．Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D．However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E．Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F．They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G．Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.四、其他閱讀題型（本大題共1小題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(觸發(fā))bythesecues.A“habitloop(環(huán))”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40．Howarehabitsbuilt?41．Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.43．Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)五、書信寫作（本大題共1小題）44．假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim正在策劃一次以“綠色北京”為主題的社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，他發(fā)來郵件詢問你的建議。請你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：(1)活動(dòng)形式；(2)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。注意：(1)詞數(shù)100左右；(2)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，Yours，LiHua

答案【正確答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A5．B6．C7．A8．D9．C10．B【詳解】1．考查形容詞比較級詞義辨析。句意：初來乍到使我更加害羞，所以我應(yīng)該和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的。A.freer更自由的；B.shyer更害羞的；C.calmer更冷靜的；D.happier更高興的。由上文“Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的)”和“even”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以剛到新學(xué)校更加害羞了，故選B。2．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：初來乍到使我更加害羞，所以我應(yīng)該和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的。A.nod點(diǎn)頭；B.point指；C.listen聽；D.chat閑聊。由下文“NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.(現(xiàn)在我在付出代價(jià)——就“我為什么不應(yīng)該在班里說話”寫一篇五頁的文章)”和“IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.”可知，布萊克老師想知道我為什么不在班里說話的原因，由此可知，當(dāng)老師想讓我和同學(xué)們說話時(shí)，我認(rèn)為要我和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的，故選D。3．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我終于坐下來開始寫作時(shí)，我首先說出了布萊克老師想聽的理由。A.weep哭泣；B.rest休息；C.write寫；D.read讀。由上文“towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass””可知，此處write是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，我開始寫這篇五頁的文章，故選C。4．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：談話使我和我的鄰桌不能學(xué)習(xí)。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.playing玩；C.planning計(jì)劃；D.laughing笑。由上文“NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!”和“IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.”可知，現(xiàn)在我要寫一篇五頁的文章，那要花費(fèi)我一晚上，所以說和鄰桌談話會(huì)阻止我和鄰居學(xué)習(xí)，且以談話會(huì)妨礙學(xué)習(xí)來解釋，說明自己愛學(xué)習(xí)，這也是老師愿意聽到的，故選A。5．考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：書頁開始飛逝。A.standingout突出；B.flyingby飛越；飛逝；C.breakingup分手；D.checkingin登記。由上文“WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.””可知，我開始寫出很多內(nèi)容，所以此處用flyby來說明我很快寫出了很多頁，故選B。6．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)媽媽下班回家的時(shí)候，我仍然在抱怨，“五頁！這不可能！”A.celebrating慶祝；B.longing渴望；C.complaining抱怨；D.warning警告。由下文““Fivepages!That’simpossible!””可知，我認(rèn)為我不可能寫完這五頁的內(nèi)容，所以在抱怨，故選C。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我有點(diǎn)期待得到一種說教——至少一句“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”。A.lecture說教；B.reason原因；C.reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D.solution解決辦法。由下文“atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.”可知，“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”這是一種說教，故選A。8．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，媽媽一邊讀一邊笑。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Meanwhile同時(shí)；D.Instead代替；反而。前后句子“Ihalfexpecteda7﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.”和“mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.”內(nèi)容相反，應(yīng)用instead，我本期待得到媽獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，然而媽媽非但沒有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，反而在讀我的文章時(shí)一邊讀一邊笑，故選D。9．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我能判斷出他們不是在取笑我：他們笑是因?yàn)槲矣心芰χv一個(gè)有趣的故事。A.hope希望；B.imagine想象；C.tell告訴；看出，判斷出；區(qū)分；D.predict預(yù)計(jì)。由下文“theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.”可知，我能判斷出來，他們笑是因?yàn)槲抑v的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故選C。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推動(dòng)，但我確實(shí)學(xué)到了我在寫作的時(shí)候并不害羞。A.patience耐心；B.confidence自信；C.tolerance忍受；D.independence獨(dú)立。由下文“stillneededsomenudging(激發(fā)),butIdidlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一些推動(dòng)，故選B。【正確答案】11．wouldthrow12．exactly13．hadarrived【詳解】11．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個(gè)喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我感到非常驚訝。表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。故填wouldthrow。12．考查副詞。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個(gè)喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我感到非常驚訝。修飾介詞短語ontime應(yīng)用副詞exactly，故填exactly。13．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：多年以后，搬到法國后，我在約定的時(shí)間赴宴，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人到場，女主人還穿著睡衣。從句中表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadarrived?！菊_答案】14．seen15．cities16．hasestablished【詳解】14．考查狀語從句的省略。句意：從遠(yuǎn)處看，紅樹林顯得更加壯觀。逗號(hào)前面是when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略，當(dāng)狀語從句和主句主語是同一主語時(shí)，且從句含有be動(dòng)詞，從句可以省略主語和be動(dòng)詞。在從句中，主語為themangroveforests，和動(dòng)詞see是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，完整形式為whentheyareseenfromafar，省略主語和be動(dòng)詞，故填seen。15．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：紅樹林有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲。此處應(yīng)用名詞city作賓語，為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指，故填cities。16．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)建立了一些紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)。由Uptonow(到目前為止)可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語是China，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has，故填hasestablished?！菊_答案】17．to18．where19．toaddress20．facing【詳解】17．考查介詞。句意：她所有的跑步活動(dòng)都有一個(gè)指導(dǎo)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問題。表示“關(guān)注”短語為callattentionto。故填to。18．考查定語從句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動(dòng)，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個(gè)水會(huì)議。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Chicago，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。19．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知address在句中作目的狀語，故用不定式。故填toaddress。20．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知face與邏輯主語people構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填facing?！菊_答案】21．B22．C23．B【詳解】21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.(為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺是一個(gè)虛擬學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，將于2023年11月進(jìn)行。這些會(huì)議可以現(xiàn)場觀看，也可以在IOC頻道播出后觀看)”可知，在為期四周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺中，參與者將參加虛擬學(xué)習(xí)課程。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.(在成功完成為期4周的沖刺學(xué)習(xí)后，您需要提交一份以體育為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，如果您被選為國際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖，您將參與其中)”可知，如果被選為國際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖，需要做一個(gè)以運(yùn)動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目。故選C。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RequirementsfortheApplicants部分中“Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.(你至少有一年的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，對申請人的要求是至少一年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B?！菊_答案】24．A25．D26．B27．C【詳解】24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).(當(dāng)我看到郵件發(fā)件人的名字時(shí)，我的心跳加速了。這封郵件是這樣開頭的：“親愛的格林先生，感謝您的關(guān)注”，“審核過程比預(yù)期的要長?！毙诺慕Y(jié)尾是“我們很抱歉地通知你……”，我的視線模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒絕的郵件，所以推測作者在看到電子郵件發(fā)件人的名字時(shí)感到焦慮。故選A。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.(因此，當(dāng)我收到這封郵件后不久，負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的瑪麗·德文教授邀請我去她的實(shí)驗(yàn)室觀察正在進(jìn)行的工作時(shí)，我感到非常震驚。我欣然接受了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，幾周后，當(dāng)她邀請我和她談?wù)勎铱梢栽谒膶?shí)驗(yàn)室里從事的潛在項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我同樣感到震驚——同時(shí)也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建議似乎沒有我最初申請的項(xiàng)目那么令人興奮，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，與德文教授交談后，作者決定全心全意地投入實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。故選D。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己和一個(gè)機(jī)器人教授一起研究從沙漠中遠(yuǎn)程收集數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù)。我可以在沙發(fā)上完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，而不是在沙漠的酷熱中完成，它不僅在封鎖期間幸存下來，而且在傳統(tǒng)方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科學(xué)興趣去追求)”可推知，機(jī)器人學(xué)教授的項(xiàng)目很鼓舞人心。故選B。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.(我明白了有時(shí)候我需要抓住提供的機(jī)會(huì)，即使這些機(jī)會(huì)在當(dāng)時(shí)聽起來并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不變地制定計(jì)劃)”結(jié)合文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向。故C選項(xiàng)“拒絕可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故選C。【正確答案】28．D29．C30．A【詳解】28．推理判斷題。第一段首句“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會(huì)的一個(gè)重大問題。)”提出一個(gè)問題——短期主義，接著下文“ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.(歷史學(xué)家弗朗西斯?科爾（FrancisCole）認(rèn)為，西方已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)“只有現(xiàn)在存在的時(shí)代，現(xiàn)在的特點(diǎn)是瞬間的殘酷和無休止的現(xiàn)在的無聊”。)”引用歷史學(xué)家FrancisCole的話來強(qiáng)調(diào)只注重現(xiàn)在的這種短期主義的危害，由此可推知，文章引用FrancisCol的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)問題，故選D。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.(一位心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)開玩笑說，如果外星人想削弱人類，他們不會(huì)派出飛船；他們會(huì)發(fā)明氣候變化。的確，在環(huán)境變化的問題上，我們可以形成一種集體的“記憶不良”，每一代人都會(huì)認(rèn)為他們所遇到的情況并沒有什么不同尋常的)”可知，一位心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)開玩笑說，如果外星人想要削弱人類，他們會(huì)發(fā)明氣候變化，通過這種方式來削弱人類，因?yàn)槿藗儗τ跉夂蜃兓纬梢环N集體的“記憶不良”，認(rèn)為他們所遇到的情況沒什么異常的，由此可推知人們不擅長察覺出緩慢的變化，故選C。30．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會(huì)的一個(gè)重大問題。)”提出一個(gè)問題——短期主義，和第二段“Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinanc