專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)詳解

ModalVerbs情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?表示說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。?大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式。主要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞CanMayWill.MustShallNeedDareHadbetterWouldsoonerWouldassoonCouldMightWouldHavetoShouldOughttoUsedtoWouldrathermightaswell情態(tài)動(dòng)詞問(wèn)題解析：

maybe&maybeMaybe（可能是）???maybe（或許）（副詞）Thenewsmaybetme.Mavbethenewsistme.Shemaybewaitingforyouathome.Maybesheiswaitingforyouathome.Maynot&cannotmaynot譯為“可能不”、"也許不會(huì)''而非“不可以氣“不可以”為mustnot或caift（不許，不可以）?！狹avIsmokehere?■一No,youmustn't,/youcan't/youcannot.Thenewsmaynotbetine.Youmustn'tmoveanyofthepapersonthedesk.Can&beabletoBeableto可以表示更多的時(shí)態(tài)。Wewillbeabletofinishtheworktomorrow.Hewasnotabletorealizehisgreatestambition.Areyouabletodesignanewcomputerprogram?Shehasnotbeenabletoworkoutthecomplexproblem.oughtto的否定土oughtto的否定式是oughtnotto,疑問(wèn)句只把ought提前。Yououghttoberesponsiblefbryourself.Weoughtnottolookdownondisabledpeople.Oughtwetocountonhimforthesettlementofthedebate?MustMustdoMustbeMusthavedoneMust的反意疑問(wèn)句Imustgetupatsix,?Shemustbeintheclassroomnow,?Theymusthavehadgreattroubletiyingtogetthere,?用must提問(wèn)時(shí)的回答?肯定回答：must?否定回答：needn't或don't/doesn'thavetoMustIcomeasearlyas6tomorrowmornmg?Yes,voumust.7JNo,youneedn^./No,youdon'thaveto.Mustift&Needn'tMusthearriveveiyearly?No,hedoesn'thaveto/No,heneedn't.Must&havetoMust:主觀上認(rèn)為“必須”作某事。Haveto:受客觀情況迫使而“不得不”作某事Youmustworkhardernowifyouwanttofindasatisfactoiyjobaftergraduation.Childreninremoteareashavetoquitschoolsimplybecausetheirparentscannotaffordtheireducation.Imusthelphim.(obligation,responsibility}Ihavetohelpliim.{unwillingness)Must&haveto的否定?否定must表示“禁止，不允許，一定不要”?否定doiTthaveto表示“不必，不一定非得，不一定要-We/ off-the/tvip whcuC.We/dovx/thave/to^puct:off-the/tvip,althou毋Must&haveto時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別Must只用于現(xiàn)在，而haveto則可用于不同時(shí)態(tài)。用hadto表示過(guò)去，用willhaveto表示將來(lái)。Wehadtoresorttoforceinthatcase.Wewillhavetoreconsiderthewholethingifthisplanfails.Onemusthavefaithinlife.havetohaveto的疑問(wèn)句和否定句都要用助動(dòng)詞do/does,過(guò)去式則用didoDowehavetowaitfbrhimtostartdiimer?Doeshehavetoshowyoutheticketstoenterthecinema?DidIhavetodotheothertaskaswell?Youdoifthavetocomeinperson.Shedoesn'thavetobringherdictionaiy.Wedidn'thavetomakepreparationsforthequiz.Need&dareNeed&dare既能作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，又能作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Need&dare在肯定句中，通常為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面的不定式要帶to,單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)加s,有時(shí)態(tài)變化。Need&dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。ExamplesSheneedstoworkevenharderifshewantstosucceedinherstudy.Hedarestospeakthetmth.Doyouneedtotakeabreak?Theydidiftdaretodisobey.Needheleavesosoon?Youneedifthavedonealltheheavywork.Shedarenotgohomelateatnight.HowdareyousayIamunfair?mightaswellmightaswell譯為“不妨"表示規(guī)勸。YoumightaswellwaittoseewhatIcandoforyou.Youmightaswellleavenow.Wemightaswelltiyasecondtimetoseewhat'swrongwiththeequipment.beto可視為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞beto的三種意義?①系表結(jié)構(gòu)Mydutyisinstinctstudentsonwhatiswrongandwhatisright.?②將來(lái)'時(shí)的特殊表達(dá)法Iwastogobackhomewhenthephonecalled.?③"應(yīng)當(dāng)”“規(guī)定是”可視為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-besupposedtoYouaretoobeytheschoolmlesandregulations.Wouldrather表意愿：Iwouldrather/soonernotgothereonmyown.表選擇：Shewouldratherdiethansurrendertotheenemy.(句型Wouldratherdosth.thandosth.else)?表虛擬：wouldrathersb.did/didn'tdosth.Iwouldratheryoudidn'tdoanythingforthetimebeing.Usedto&would?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞usedto表“過(guò)去常常做”。往往含有“不再如此”之意。Would只能表示動(dòng)作，不能表示狀態(tài)。而usedto都可以。.Hewouldasktheteachersomestrangequestions.Heusedtoasktheteacher Heusedtobemuchbetteroffthanheisnow.Hewouldbemuch (wrong)MoreInformationWould側(cè)重?cái)⑹鲞^(guò)去，而usedto強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比。Sometimesshewouldgivemesomepleasantsurprises.Mymotherusedtobehot-tempered,butnowsheisveryniild.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式needn'thavedone表示過(guò)去本不必做的事情Youneedifthavedoneallthecalculationbyyourself.Wehavecomputerstodothatsortofwork.Sheneedn,thaverisensoearly.Therewasnohuny.Theyneedifthavebroughtsomuchfoodwiththem.Wehadenoughforalltheguests.Musthavedone對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定猜測(cè)Hemusthaveworkedveiyhard,fbrhedidagoodjobillthelastexam.Theymusthavehadaquanel.Theyhadn'ttalkedwitheachotherfornearlyaweek.Theremusthavebeenablackout.Thewholestreetwasindarkness.can't/couldn^thavedone對(duì)過(guò)去事情的否定猜測(cè)（musthavedone的否定形式）Itcan^havebeenher.ShehasgonetoShanghai.Youcan'thaveseenmeinthemeetinglastweek.Iwasonabusinesstripthen.Hecan'thaveworkedhard.Ihaveseenhimplayingwithhisneighborsveiyoften.could&may/mighthavedone

表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的可能性的推測(cè)Youmay/mighthavebeeninjuredinthecaraccident.Youmayhavebeenhurtbythewildanimal.Youmayhavereadthebook.Youmighthavebeenmorecarefill.Willhavedone表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)Bytheendofthisweek,thebuildingwillhavebeencompleted.ByMayorJune,wewillhavealreadyknownwhetherChinasucceedsinbiddingforthe2008OlympicGames.Bynextmonth,wewillhavelearnedthefirst5chapters.Would/couldhavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬Youcould/wouldhavedonemuchbetterifvonhadfollowedtheteacher'sinstmctions.Theearthcouldhavebeenabetterplaceifwehadallknowntheimportanceofprotectingtheenviromnent.Youcouldn'thavebeensomiserablehadyoulistenedtomyadvice.Shewouldn'thavefailedtheEnglishexamifshehaddoneenoughrevisionexercises.