英語主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)課件

EnglishProactiveandPassiveVoiceCourseware目錄CONTENTSThedefinitionsofactiveandpassivevoiceTheusageofactiveandpassivevoiceTheConversionofActiveVoiceandPassiveVoicePracticeofactiveandpassivevoiceAnalysisofCommonErrorsinActiveVoiceandPassiveVoiceSummaryandReview01ThedefinitionsofactiveandpassivevoiceThepresenceisintheactivevoicewhenthesubjectperformstheactiondescribedbytheverb"Johnwritealetter"(subject"John"performstheaction"write")ThedefinitionofactivevoiceExampleActivevoiceThepresenceisinthepassivevoicewhenthesubjectistherecipientoftheactiondescribedbytheverbPassivevoice"AletterwaswrittenbyJohn"(subject"Aletter"receivedtheaction"waswritten")ExampleThedefinitionofpassivevoice02TheusageofactiveandpassivevoiceDirectionsImpersonalityBrevityTheusageofactivevoiceTheactivevoicemakesthesubjectofthepresenceoftheprimaryactor,allowingformoredirectcommunicationWhenwritingintheactivevoice,thewritercanavoidsoundingtoopersonaloremotionalActivevoicesensestendtobeshorterandmoreconsistent03WithholdingInformationThepassivevoicecanbeusedtoholdinformationaboutthesubjectofthepresence01EmphasizingtheactionThepassivevoiceplacesmoreemphasisontheactioncomparedtothesubject02ObjectivityThepassivevoicecanmakethetextsoundmoreobjectiveandlessbiasedTheUsageofPassiveVoice123ReaderPurposeofWritingFlowandGrammarTheChoiceofActiveVoiceandPassiveVoiceThechoicebetweenactiveandpassivevoicedependsonthepurposeofyourwritingForinstance,ifyouwanttosoundformalorobjective,youmightchoosethepassivevoiceAdvisorthereaderaswellIfyou'rewritingforascientificoracademicaudience,theymightexpectamoreobjectivetone,whichwouldjustifyusingthepassivevoicemoreoftenFinally,rememberthatgrammarandflowareessentialIfapresencesoundsbetterinonevoicethananyoneelse,youshouldgowithyourinstallations03TheConversionofActiveVoiceandPassiveVoiceGeneralstepsIdentifythesubjectandverbintheactivevoicepresenceChangethesubjectandverbintotheappropriateformforthepassivevoiceConversionfromactivevoicetopassivevoiceReorderthepresencetoensureitstillmakessenseConversionfromactivevoicetopassivevoiceExampleActivevoice:"Themechanicalrepairedthecar."Passivevoice:"Thecarwasrepairedbythemechanical."ConversionfromactivevoicetopassivevoiceGeneralstepsIdentifythesubjectandverbinthepassivevoicepresenceChangethesubjectandverbintotheappropriateformfortheactivevoiceTransitioningfrompassivevoicetoactivevoiceReorderthepresencetoensureitstillmakessenseTransitioningfrompassivevoicetoactivevoiceExamplePassivevoice:"Thebookwaswrittenbytheauthor."Activevoice:"Theauthorwrotethebook."TransitioningfrompassivevoicetoactivevoiceWatchoutfortensechangesAdvisorcontextandintentNotesduringtheconversionprocessThechoicebetweenactiveandpassivevoicedependsonthecontextandintentofthepresenceUsepassivevoicewhenemphasizingtheactioncomparedtotheactor,orwhenfocusingontheobjectUseactivevoicewhenemphasizingtheactororwhentheactionismoredirectorspecificWhenconvertingfromactivetopassivevoice,thetenseoftheverbmaychangeMakesuretousetheappropriatetenseforthecontext04PracticeofactiveandpassivevoiceBasicexercisesThroughsinglesentencepractice,studentscangainapreliminaryunderstandingoftheconversionbetweenactiveandpassivevoices,andbecomefamiliarwiththebasicstructureandusageofthetwovoices.Thispracticemethodhelpsstudentsdeepentheirunderstandingofgrammarrulesandlaysthefoundationforsubsequentcomplexexercises.SinglepresencepracticeStudentsfocusonpracticingactiveandpassivevoicesforaperiodoftime,usingalargenumberofexamplesentencesandpracticequestionstoimprovetheirproficiencyandabilitytoswitchbetweenthetwovoices.Thispracticemethodhelpsstudentsconsolidatetheirknowledgeandimprovetheaccuracyoflanguageuse.ConcentratedpracticeBlockedpracticeComprehensiveexercisesChapterexercisesComprehensiveexercises05AnalysisofCommonErrorsinActiveVoiceandPassiveVoiceSummary:Intheconversionofactivevoiceandpassivevoice,theorderofsubjectandobjectisoftenreversed,leadingtosentencestructureconfusion.Inactivevoice,thesubjectusuallyappearsbeforetheobject,butinpassivevoice,theobjectbecomesthesubject,andtheoriginalsubjectisplacedattheendofthesentenceorexpressedinotherways.Therefore,duringtheconversionprocess,specialattentionneedstobepaidtomaintainingthecorrectwordorderandavoidingtheinversionofsubjectobject.InversionofsubjectandobjectSummaryDetaileddescriptionSenseinconsistencyTenseinconsistencyisacommonerrorintheconversionofactiveandpassivevoices,mainlymanifestedinconfusionbetweenthepastandpresenttenses.Tenseinconsistencyisacommonerrorintheconversionofactiveandpassivevoices,mainlymanifestedinconfusionbetweenthepastandpresenttenses.InEnglish,tonecanaffecttheemotionaltoneandexpressionofasentence.Inactivevoice,thetonecanbeadjustedasneeded.Butinpassivevoice,thetonemaychangebecausepassivesentencesusuallyexpressanobjectiveandneutraltone.Therefore,duringtheconversionprocess,specialattentionshouldbepaidtomaintaininganappropriatetonetoavoidaffectingtheoveralleffectofthesentence.Summaryword:Inappropriatetoneisacommonproblemintheconversionofactivevoiceandpassivevoice,mainlymanifestedinatonethatistoostiffortoosoft.Inappropriateuseofstone06SummaryandReview123KeyreviewofthislessDistinctionbetweenproactiveandpassivevoice:Thekeyconceptofthislessonistounderstandthedifferencebetweentheproactivevoice,wherethesubjectperformstheaction,andthepassivevoice,wherethesubjectreceivestheactionFormsofthepassivevoice:ThepassivevoiceisformedinEnglishbyusingaccessoriessuchas"be"and"get"withthepastparticleformoftheverbThedifferentformsofthepassivevoiceincludethepresent,past,andfuturetenseUsageofthepassivevoice:Thepassivevoiceisusedwhenthefocusisontheactionratherthanthesubjectperformingit.Itisalsou