緒論細菌基本性狀

MedicalMicrobiologyWestChinaSchoolofPreclinicalandForensicMedicine

Dept.ofmedicalMicrobiologyLIWanyi（李婉宜）IntroductionMicroorganisms(Microbes)MicrobiologyMedicalMicrobiologyI.MicroorganismsMicroorganismsaredistributedallovertheworld.Toosmalltobeseenbythenakedeye,itisnecessarytousemicroscopetoexaminethem.1.1definition

1.2Characteristics

（1）Verysmallbodiesandsimplystructure.（2）Tomultiplerapidlyandmutanteasily.（3）MultiTypeandwidespread

acellularMicrobe

ProkaryoticMicrobe

EukaryoticMicrobe

1.3Classificationvirusbacteria，actinomyces，rickettsia，chlamydia，mycoplasma，spirochete

fungi

2.DistributionofmicroorganismsAirSoilWaterAnimalsHumanbody3.MicroorganismsandHumanBeingsMostmicrobesareofbenefittohumanbeings,somearenecessaryThecycleofmaterials2.Industrialproduction3.Agricultureproduction4.Medicalindustry.5.Geneticengineering.CycleofnitrogenCycleofcarbonGeneticengineeringAportionofmicrobescausediseasesandarepoisonoustohuman4.MicrobiologyItisabioscienceforthestudyoftheevolution,Classification,morphology,physiology,genetics,ecology,thelawoftheirlifeactivities,andtheirinteractionwithhumanbeing,animalsorplantsaswellaswithnaturalenvironment.5.MedicalMicrobiologyThemedicalmicrobiologyisoneoftheessentialbasicsciencesformedicine.ItisthestudyofBiologicalcharacteristicsofmicrobe,Pathogenicmechanism,ImmunologicmechanismandDiagnosis,Prevent,andTreatmentofinfectiousdisease.HistoryofMedicalMicrobiologyExperiencephaseExperimentalphaseModernphaseExperiencephaseExperimentalphaseLeeuwenhoekPasturKochListerIsolationFromthepatientsbutnothealthypeopleGrowthObtainpurecultureInducedisease

InfectsusceptibleanimalsRe-isolationFromthesusceptibleanimalsKoch'spostulates

ModernphaseEmergingandRe-emergingpathogenicmicroorganismBacterialgenomesequencing

Vaccinestudy

DevelopmentofMedicalMicrobiology新現(xiàn)及再現(xiàn)病原微生物的研究病原微生物致病機制的研究建立標準化的微生物學診斷方法及技術(shù)抗感染免疫的理論及應(yīng)用研究（研制新疫苗）抗感染藥物的研究與開發(fā)關(guān)注極端環(huán)境中的微生物，開發(fā)利用微生物資源Chapter1BasicCharactersofbacteriaBacterialShapeandStructure

1.

SizeofbacteriaUnitformeasurement:

Micronor

micrometer(μm)

Size:

Varieswithkindsofbacteria,andalsorelatedtotheirageandexternalenvironment.2.BasicshapeofbacteriacoccusbacillusSpiralbacteriumDiplococcusStreptococcusTetradSarcinaStaphylococcusBacillushemorrhagicE.coliBacillusanthracisCoccobacilliclostridumc.diphtheriaeSpiralbacteriumVibrioSpirillumVibriocholerae干酪螺菌鼠咬熱螺菌

Basicshapesandarrangementofthebacteria細菌的異常形態(tài)?衰退型MycobacteriumtuberculosisGramstainX1000

3.

StructureofthebacteriacellBasicstructureCellwallCellmembraneCytoplasmNucleoid

SpecialstructureCapsuleFlagellumPiliSpore3.1Basicstructure3.1.1cellwall

back-bone:

N-acetylmuramicacid

N-acetylglucosamine

β-1.4glycosidic

sidechain(tetra-peptide)

peptidecross-bridgePeptidoglycanofG+Nacetylglucosamine

N-acetylmuramicacidAsegmentofthepeptidoglycanAsegmentofthepeptidoglycanPeptidoglycanofG-

back-bone:

N-acetylmuramicacid;

N-acetylglucosamine

β-1.4glycosidic

sidechain(tetra-peptide)peptidoglycanteichoicacid

specialcomponentofG+cellwall

Therearetwotypesofteichoicacid:Wallteichoicacidandmembraneteichoicacid

FunctionofteichoicacidHelppeptidoglycantostrengthencellwallMainantigenofG+Relatedwithpathogenicityofbacterium

specialcomponentofG-cellwall脂多糖脂蛋白肽聚糖脂質(zhì)雙層lipopolysaccharide,LPSTargetforpencillinTargetforlysozyme

ComparisonofcellwallforG+

and

G_

componentG+G-peptidoglycanthickerthinnerTeichoicacidyesnolipopolysaccharidenoyesPNC+_antigenicitytechoicacidLPS

FunctionofcellwallMaintaintheshapeofbacteriaProtectfromlowosmoticpressurePermeabilitySurfaceantigenicdeterminates.Relatewithbacterialpathogenicity1、微生物分為哪幾類？各類微生物具有那些特點？2、比較革蘭陽性菌與革蘭陰性菌細胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)的異同。細胞壁有哪些重要功能？3.結(jié)合細胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)及抗生素作用靶點，分析溶菌酶及青霉素對陰陽性菌的作用效果。預習：細菌的其它基本結(jié)構(gòu)及特殊結(jié)構(gòu)思考題李婉宜:聯(lián)系電話：85501258E-mail:hxliwanyi@126.com

Reference

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