Module8Unit2Wethoughtsomebodywasmovingabout.知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

I

promised

to

write,

so...

我答應(yīng)過(guò)要寫信，所以……（教材P66）&1&

promise

v.

許諾；承諾&2&

在此作動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)用法如下：He

promised

to

help

me

with

my

Chinese.

他答應(yīng)幫助我學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。My

mother

promised

me

a

new

present

this

year.

我媽媽答應(yīng)今年給我一件新的禮物。You

promised

that

you

would

take

me

to

Disneyland,

Dad.你答應(yīng)過(guò)帶我去迪士尼樂(lè)園的，爸爸。（無(wú)錫中考）&3&

promise還可作可數(shù)名詞，意為"承諾；諾言"。make/keep/break

a

promise"許下/信守/違背諾言"。I

made

a

promise

to

my

mother

that

I'd

look

after

Dad.我答應(yīng)母親我會(huì)照看父親的。She

kept

her

promise

to

visit

her

grandparents

regularly.她信守諾言，定期去看望祖父母。It's

very

large,

about

480

square

kilometres.

它（面積）很大，約480平方千米。（教材P66）&4&

square

/skwe?/

adj.（表示面積單位）

平方的

&5&

在此作形容詞，用于數(shù)字后、單位名詞前，表示面積。The

house

has

an

area

of

36

square

metres.這個(gè)房子的面積有36平方米。The

apartment

is

95

square

metres

in

size.

這個(gè)公寓的面積是95平方米。&6&

（1）square作形容詞，還可意為"正方形的，成直角的"。Do

you

notice

that

one

end

of

chopsticks

is

square

and

the

other

end

is

round?

你注意到筷子的一端是方的，另一端是圓的了嗎？（泰安中考）（2）square還可作名詞，意為"廣場(chǎng)（通常為方形的）；正方形"。The

hotel

is

just

near

the

square.

旅館就在廣場(chǎng)附近。There

are

three

squares

in

the

picture.這張圖片中有三個(gè)正方形。It's

famous

for

the

strange

shape

of

its

tall

rocks.

它以奇形怪狀的石峰聞名。（教材P66）&7&

shape

/?e?p/

n.

外形；形狀

&8&

在此作名詞，意為"外形；形狀"。常用短語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)境串記—What's

the

shape

of

the

cake？那個(gè)蛋糕是什么形狀的？—It

is

in

the

shape

of

a

castle.（=It

is

a

castle

in

shape.）它是城堡形狀的。&9&

shape還可作動(dòng)詞，表示"使成為……形狀；塑造"。This

tool

is

used

for

shaping

wood.這個(gè)工具是用來(lái)加工木料的。Some

of

them

look

like

humans

while

others

look

like

wild

animals.

它們有些看起來(lái)像人，而有些看起來(lái)像野獸。（教材P66）&10&

human

/?hju?m?n/

n.

人&11&

與human

being同義，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式humans。Dogs

can

hear

much

better

than

humans.狗的聽(tīng)覺(jué)比人靈敏得多。Like

tree

leaves,

no

two

human

beings

are

exactly

the

same.就像樹葉一樣，沒(méi)有兩個(gè)人是完全一樣的。（河北中考）&12&

human還可作形容詞，意為"人類的；人本性的"。Success

in

creating

AI

would

be

the

biggest

event

in

human

history.成功創(chuàng)造人工智能將是人類歷史上最重大的事件。（重慶中考A卷）Children

are

known

for

wanting

answers

to

many

questions

because

curiosity

is

part

of

human

nature.眾所周知，孩子們想知道許多問(wèn)題的答案，因?yàn)楹闷嫘氖侨祟愄煨缘囊徊糠?。（濱州中考）&13&

while

conj.

而；然而&14&

在此用作并列連詞，意為"而；然而"，暗含比較的意味。This

shirt

fits

better

while

that

one

has

a

nicer

design.這件襯衫更合身，不過(guò)那件款式更好看。&15&

while的其他用法:Someone

called

you

while

you

were

out.你出去的時(shí)候，有人給你打電話。She

asked

me

to

wait

for

a

while.

她叫我等一會(huì)兒。Last

night

we

camped

by

a

small

lake.

昨晚我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)小湖邊宿營(yíng)。（教材P66）&16&

camp

v.

宿營(yíng)；露營(yíng)We

camped

by

the

river.

我們?cè)诤舆吽逘I(yíng)。&17&

camp還可作名詞，意為"營(yíng)地；度假營(yíng)"。Jim

went

to

a

summer

camp

last

summer

vacation.去年暑假吉姆參加了一個(gè)夏令營(yíng)。&18&

by

prep.

在……旁邊&19&

Look！They

are

standing

by

the

fire,

singing

and

dancing.

看！他們站在爐火旁唱歌、跳舞。&20&

by作介詞的其他用法：by+表示時(shí)間的名詞在……之前；不遲于by

ten

o'clock十點(diǎn)之前by+人名表示圖書、音樂(lè)、美術(shù)作品等由某人創(chuàng)作a

book

by

Mo

Yan一本由莫言寫的書by+名詞或v-ing表示方式，意為"通過(guò)……；靠……；憑……；乘……"by

e-mail

通過(guò)電子郵件by

listening

to

music

通過(guò)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)by

bus

乘公共汽車It

woke

everybody

up.

每個(gè)人都被吵醒了。（教材P66）&21&

wake

sb.

up

喚醒某人&22&

（1）這里wake

up是"動(dòng)詞+副詞"型短語(yǔ)，意為"喚醒；叫醒"。若賓語(yǔ)為名詞，名詞放在up之前或之后均可；若賓語(yǔ)為代詞，代詞只能放在wake和up之間，即wake

sb.

up。She

walked

into

the

room

quietly

in

order

not

to

wake

up

her

baby（=wake

her

baby

up）.

為了不吵醒她的寶寶，她悄悄地走進(jìn)了房間。Your

dad

has

just

fallen

asleep.

Don't

wake

him

up

unless

it's

really

necessary.你爸爸剛剛睡著。除非真有必要，否則不要叫醒他。（2）wake

up還可作不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示"醒來(lái)"。Susan

woke

up

early

on

Labor

Day

morning.蘇珊在勞動(dòng)節(jié)的早上起得很早。（懷化中考）（3）wake

up還有"活躍起來(lái)"的意思。Many

people

drink

coffee

in

the

morning

to

help

them

wake

up.

許多人早上喝咖啡來(lái)幫助他們打起精神。（天津中考）&23&

awake為形容詞，常用作表語(yǔ),意為"醒著的"，反義詞為asleep"睡著的"。wake（up）是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)），不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，但延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)be

awake可以。語(yǔ)境串記A

great

noise

woke

him

up

and

he

has

been

awake

since

then.一聲巨響把他吵醒了，從那時(shí)起他就一直醒著。We

thought

somebody

was

moving

about.

我們?cè)詾槭怯腥嗽谒奶幾邉?dòng)。（教材P66）&24&

We

thought...我們?cè)詾椤?/p>

&25&

thought后的賓語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。We

thought

the

rabbit

was

dead.

But

after

a

while

it

jumped

up

and

ran

away.

我們?cè)詾檫@只兔子死了。但過(guò)了一會(huì)兒它跳起來(lái)跑開(kāi)了。&26&

somebody

/?s?mb?di/

pron.

某人；有人&27&

&28&

作復(fù)合不定代詞，意為"某人；有人"，相當(dāng)于someone。somebody作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Listen!

Somebody

is

singing.

聽(tīng)!有人在唱歌。特別提醒somebody通常用于肯定句，在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中常用anybody。There

is

somebody

in

that

room.

那個(gè)房間里有人。There

wasn't

anybody

in

the

room.

房間里沒(méi)有任何人。&29&

somebody還可表示"重要人物"。He's

somebody

in

his

own

village.

他在自己村里是個(gè)有分量的人物。典例

(泰州中考)—Who

is

at

the

door?—A

deliveryman（送貨員）or

___

wanting

to

sell

his

new

products.C

【解析】句意：——誰(shuí)在門口?

——送貨員或者想要銷售他的新產(chǎn)品的某個(gè)人。everybody"每個(gè)人"；anybody"任何人"；somebody"某人，有人"；nobody"沒(méi)有人"。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指"想要銷售他的新產(chǎn)品的某個(gè)人"，故選C。&30&

move

about

四處走動(dòng)（相當(dāng)于move

around）&31&

其中about作副詞，意為"向四周；向各處"，其后不可接賓語(yǔ)。Don't

move

about

in

the

room.

不要在房間里四處走動(dòng)。&32&

about作副詞，還可意為"大約；附近"。He

gets

up

at

about

five

every

morning.他每天早晨大約五點(diǎn)起床。There

is

nobody

about.附近沒(méi)有人。We

could

only

see

the

mountain

tops

above

the

clouds.

我們只能看到云霧繚繞的山頂。（教材P66）&33&

above

prep.

在……上面&34&

&35&

above,

over與onabove表示一物在另一物的上方，不一定是正上方，兩者不接觸，對(duì)應(yīng)詞是below。over表示一物在另一物的正上方，兩者不接觸，對(duì)應(yīng)詞是under。on表示一物在另一物的表面上，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者接觸。The

little

boy

was

excited

while

flying

above

the

clouds

for

the

first

time.這個(gè)小男孩第一次在云層上飛行時(shí)很興奮。（臺(tái)州中考）There

is

a

bridge

over

the

river.河上有座橋。There

is

a

cup

on

the

table.桌上有個(gè)杯子。&36&

above還可表示程度、等級(jí)等，意為"超過(guò)；在……之上"。Today's

temperature

is

above

40℃.今天的氣溫超過(guò)了40℃。巧學(xué)妙記常用介詞的用法in在里面on在上面，by和beside在近旁，above表示在上方，below表示在下方，若表正上用over，under表示正下方。Then

we

walked

down

the

path,

along

a

river,

past

trees

and

other

plants

and

back

to

the

camp.

然后我們順小路而下，沿途經(jīng)過(guò)河流、樹木還有其他植物，最后回到了宿營(yíng)地。（教材P66）&37&

path

/pɑ?θ/

n.小路；路徑

The

path

goes

through

the

woods

and

leads

to

the

village.這條小路穿過(guò)樹林，通到那個(gè)村莊。&38&

path也可表示抽象意義上的"路徑"。Reading

can

open

many

doors

and

can

lead

you

into

a

path

to

success.閱讀可以打開(kāi)許多扇門，帶你走上成功之路。I

pulled

a

leaf

off

a

plant...我從一棵植物上扯下了一片葉子……（教材P66）&39&

pull

/p?l/

v.

（用手）拉，牽，扯&40&

在此用作動(dòng)詞，意為"（用手）拉，牽，扯"，其反義詞是push"推"。"pull+sth.+adj."意為"把某物拉……"。Some

dogs

pull

sleds

across

icy

places.

一些狗拉著雪橇穿過(guò)結(jié)冰的地方。（天津中考）You

push

and

I'll

pull.你推，我拉。Pull

the