中國法制改革

單元20中國法制改革02B5:13-10:18今天，能有機會來到這所歷史悠久、享有盛譽的著名大學進行參觀和演講，我感到十分高興?；厥装倌?，我們兩國的政治、經(jīng)濟、社會、法律等領域，都有了符合本國實際的十分巨大的發(fā)展和變化。改革開放20多年來，中國發(fā)生了滄桑巨變。Today,I'mverypleasedtohavetheopportunitytovisitthishistoricandprestigiousuniversity,andtogiveaspeech.Lookingbackoverthepastonehundredyears,therehavebeentremendousdevelopmentsandchangesinthepolitical,economic,socialandlegalspheresthatwereappropriatetotheindividualcharacteristicsofourrespectivecountries.After20yearsofreform,Chinahasundergoneaworldofchanges.今天，我想重點向各位介紹一下中國法制建設和司法改革的情況。中國的法制建設是根據(jù)中國的國情進行的。20多年來，中國為了促進改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設的順利進行，在堅持經(jīng)濟體制改革的同時，也進行了政治體制改革，民主法制建設也不斷得到加強。Today,I'dliketofocusonthedevelopmentofourlegalsystemandourjudicialreform.TheruleoflawinChinahasbeendevelopedinaccordancewiththeindividualcharacteristicsofChina.Forover20years,inordertosafeguardandfacilitatereformandmodernization,wehavecarriedoutpoliticalreformsalongwitheconomicreforms.Wehavealsobeenworkingonourdemocraticlegalsystem.人民代表大會制度是中國的根本政治制度。國家各級行政、審判、檢察機關都由人民代表大會產(chǎn)生，并對其負責。這種政治體制適合中國的國情，是中國人民的正確選擇。第九屆全國人大第二次會議通過了憲法修正案，把依法治國，建設社會主義法制國家的基本方略寫進了憲法。ThePeople'sCongressisthecornerstoneofthepoliticalsysteminChina.Thestateadministrative,judicialandprocuratorialorgans

atalllevelsareappointedbytheCongressandaccountabletoit.ThissystemsuitsChina.Itisthecorrectchoice,madebytheChinesepeople.AtthesecondplenarysessionoftheNinthPeople'sCongress,weapprovedtherevisedconstitution.Theruleoflaw,todevelopasocialistcountryruledbythelaw,hasbeenwrittenintotheconstitutionasourbasicstrategy.procuratorialauthority檢察權,檢察機關,檢察當局theSupremePeople‘sProcuratorate最高人民檢察院theProcurator-GeneraloftheSupremePeople'sProcuratorate

最高人民檢察院檢察長這是中國法制建設進程中的一個里程碑，表明中國堅持法制的堅定立場和明確態(tài)度。20多年來，中國的立法工作取得了重要進展。全國人大及其常委會已制定了370多件法律和有關法律問題的決定；中央政府制定了800多件全國性行政法規(guī)；地方人大制定了7000多件地方性法規(guī)。Thatwasamilestoneinthedevelopmentofourlegalsystem.ItdemonstratesChina'scommitmenttotheruleoflaw,anditsunequivocalattitude.Inthepast20years,wehaveachievedmuchinlegislation.TheNationalPeople'sCongressanditsStandingCommitteehaveinstigated370lawsanddecisionsaboutthelaw.Thecentralgovernmentformulatedmorethan800nationalleveladministrativeregulations.ThelocalPeople'sCongressesformulatedover7,000bylawsandregulations.Instigatetomakeaprocessstart,especiallyonerelatingtolaworpolitics

Charlesinstigatedaprogrammeofreforms.

Laydown,drawup,formulate,draftbylaw

n.

地方法規(guī);細則,附則;內(nèi)部章程alsobye-law,by-law

1[N-COUNT]

Abylawisalawwhichismadebyalocalauthorityandwhichappliesonlyintheirarea.(BRIT)

Theby-lawmakesitillegaltodrinkincertainareas.

2[N-COUNT]

Abylawisarulewhichcontrolsthewayanorganizationisrun.(AM)

Underthecompany'sbylaws,hecancontinueaschairmanuntiltheageof70.

公司法Corporation擔保法GuaranteeLaw票據(jù)法NegotiableInstrumentsLaw證券法SecuritiesLaw合同法ContractLaw個人獨資企業(yè)法SoleProprietorEnterpriseLaw刑事法CriminalLaw刑事訴訟法CriminalProsecutionLaw村民委員會組織法LawoftheOrganizationofVillageCouncils行政復議法AdministrativeReviewLaw為了建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制，中國先后制定了公司法、擔保法、票據(jù)法、證券法、合同法、個人獨資企業(yè)法等法律。為了發(fā)展社會主義民主政治，維護公民合法權益，修改了刑事法、刑事訴訟法、村民委員會組織法。與此同時，制定了行政復議法等。Inordertodevelopthesocialistmarketeconomy,ChinahasinstigatedCorporationLaw,GuaranteeLaw,NegotiableInstrumentsLaw,SecuritiesLaw,ContractLawandSoleProprietorEnterpriseLaw.Inordertodevelopsocialistdemocraticpolitics,andtoprotectthelawfulinterestsofcitizens,wehaverevisedtheCriminalLaw,CriminalProsecutionLawandtheLawoftheOrganizationofVillageCouncils.Atthesametime,wehaveinstigatedAdministrativeReviewLaw.最高人民法院TheSupremePeople'sCourt訴訟程序proceduralmattersinprosecution司法解釋judicialinterpretations社會主義法律體系的框架frameworkofasocialistlegalsystem依法治國rulingthecountrybylaw有中國特色的社會主義法律體系haveasocialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacteristics最高人民法院SupremePeople'sCourt刑事審判一庭FirstCriminalAdjudication經(jīng)濟審判庭EconomicAdjudicationDivision民事審判庭CivilAdjudicationDivision告訴申訴審判庭ComplaintsandPetitionsDivision行政審判庭AdministrativeAdjudicationDivision高級人民法院HigherPeople'sCourts中級人民法院IntermediatePeople'sCourts基層人民法院GrassrootsPeople'sCourts專門人民法院SpecializedPeople'sCourts軍事法院MilitaryCourt最高人民檢察院SupremePeople'sProcuratorate刑事檢查廳CriminalProsecutorialDepartment反貪污賄賂總局GeneralBureauofAnti-EmbezzlementandBribery法紀檢查廳ProsecutorialDepartmentforDerelictionofDutyandInfringementofCitizens'Rights控告申訴檢查廳ProcuratorialDepartmentforAccusationsandPetitions高級人民檢察院HigherPeople'sProcuratorate中級人民檢察院IntermediatePeople'sProcuratorate基層人民檢察院GrassrootsPeople'sProcuratorate專門人民檢察院SpecializedPeople'sProcuratorate軍事檢察院MilitaryProcuratorate最高人民法院制定了大量的訴訟程序方面的司法解釋。這些制度的制定與實施，是中國司法改革進程的重要成果?？偟膩碚f，以憲法為基礎的社會主義法律體系的框架已初步形成。按照依法治國的方略，中國有信心到2010年形成有中國特色的社會主義法律體系。TheSupremePeople'sCourthaspromulgatedmanyjudicialinterpretationsofproceduralmattersinprosecution.TheformulationandimplementationofthesystemisamajorachievementinthereformofthejudicialsysteminChina.Generallyspeaking,wenowhavetheinitialframeworkofasocialistlegalsystembasedonourconstitution.Inaccordancewiththestrategyofrulingthecountrybylaw,ChinaisconfidentthatitwillhaveasocialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsby2010.中國是個多法域國家。香港、澳門回歸后，中國成功實行了“一國兩制”。內(nèi)地實行社會主義制度，而香港和澳門繼續(xù)實行原有的社會制度、經(jīng)濟制度和生活方式。原有的法律制度也基本未變。這就出現(xiàn)了世界上其他國家沒有的一種獨特法律現(xiàn)象。Chinaisacountryofseverallegalunits.AfterthereturnofHongKongandMacao,Chinasuccessfullyimplementedthepolicyof"OneCountry,TwoSystems".TheMainlandusesthesocialistsystem.HongKongandMacaocontinuewiththeirprevioussocialandeconomicsystems,maintainingtheirwayoflife.Furthermore,therehasbeenverylittlechangetotheirlegalsystems.Thishascreatedauniquelegalphenomenonunseenanywhereelseintheworld.法域

legalunit

一般認為，法域是法律適用的地域，其實，法域的概念不僅僅是地域意義上的，法域是