2022屆優(yōu)質(zhì)校一模英語試卷匯編-閱讀理解之議論文 答案版

2017年高考“最后三十天”專題透析2017年高考“最后三十天”專題透析好教育云平臺--教育因你我而變好教育云平臺--教育因你我而變專題專題11××閱讀理解之議論文?？碱}型?？碱}型題型考查年份考查話題議論文2021年全國甲卷世人對天才的狹隘定義，提出事實上“天才”有很多種形式2021新高考1卷D篇論述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢，提出對情商研究的未來展望2021.3天津卷論述了要當一個多面手，而不是當某方面的專家2020·天津卷論述了獲得成就的兩個關鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足…………方法點撥方法點撥1.議論文特點分析議論文都要提出論題、觀點、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點或得出結論。議論文的寫法通常有以下三種形式：寫法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我認為……寫法二：提出問題，分析問題，解決問題。寫法三：論點，理由（證據(jù)），重申論點。2.解題方法把握文章的論點、論據(jù)和論證。此外，還要把握文章的結構和語言。互推法：在議論之后，總會再列舉一些具體的例子來支持觀點或在一些例子之后，總要抒發(fā)一些議論?？忌诶斫庾h論時，可以借助文中所給的實例，從而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的議論；或從議論中推理理解具體例子的深刻含義，相互推斷。推理法：推理的結論一定是原文有這層意思，但沒有明確表達的。推理要根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇、段落和句子之間的邏輯關系，各個信息所暗示和隱含的意義，作者的隱含意等對文章進行推理判斷?？忌晌淖值谋韺有畔⑼诰虺鑫恼碌纳顚雍x，要能透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。2021新高考1卷D篇Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重視）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.2.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢，同時作者提出了對情商研究是未來期望。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：“Manypeoplenowmisunderstand…asalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeup…”分析可知，大多數(shù)人認為情商就是構成人性格中幾乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子suchascharacter,motivation,confidence…則是作者在列舉一些情商中具體的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。選項D：它指的是一個人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)，是該句的同義替換。故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息的paragraph2，定位到第二段“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceas…”；分析可知，我們更喜歡把情商稱作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于壞的目的。而后作者便分別列舉了doctor和cheater用于解釋說明“好目的”和“壞目的”。由此我們可以推測，作者提及doctor和cheater是為了闡明前句所提到的關于情商的概念。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息“popularizationofemotionalintelligence”定位到第三段：“Althoughpopularbeliefsregarding…theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”分析可知，雖然大眾對于情商的普遍認知遠遠超過了目前研究可以支持的觀點，但是宣傳的總體效果（對于情商的發(fā)展研究）是利大于弊的。而后作者便進一步列舉了好處體現(xiàn)在哪些方面（themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization…）。可知，作者對此態(tài)度是正向的、支持的。故選A。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干信息lastparagraph定位到最后一段“Itisourhopethat…advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence…mayservetopointusintherightdirection.”分析可知，我們希望在未來的幾十年里，科學的進步將為研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾碜约旱纳钐峁┮粋€新的視角。而情商也許會給我們指明一個正確的方向。因此可以得知，最后一段作者是在提出對于未來研究的期待和方向。B項中的Expectationsforfuturestudies.符合題意。故選B。2020·新課標II卷D篇Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.5.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.7.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.8.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】5.C6.B7.C8.D【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者是一個熱情的讀者，孩提時熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣傳圖書館。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我一直是一個熱情的讀者，孩提時，有時候每天讀多達三本書。故事對我來說就像空氣，而其他孩子則打球或參加聚會。我通過從圖書館借閱來的書籍經(jīng)歷冒險)”可推斷，作者小時候與書是密不可分的。故選C。6.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“AsIgrewolderandbecameamother”可知，我長大了成了一位母親，結合下文“Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有幾個孩子，書是我們娛樂的主要來源。對于我們來說，坐上車去當?shù)氐膱D書館是件大事，在那里我的孩子們可以挑選要閱讀的書或者想讓我給他們讀的書)”可推斷，作者成了母親以后，帶著孩子去圖書館，孩子挑選書籍來閱讀，或者作者讀給他們聽，因此可知圖書館在作者的生活中又增添了新的意義，閱讀的樂趣在家庭中代代相傳。故選B。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我認為所有的作家都應該在他們可以的時候以有意義的方式支持圖書館。鼓勵讀者使用圖書館。在社交媒體上分享圖書館公告?？梢缘臅r候常去圖書館，談論圖書館)”可知，作者呼吁其他的作家們支持圖書館。故選C。8.主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，文章講述了作者是一名熱情地讀者，孩提時喜歡閱讀，工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去，作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣傳圖書館。因此推斷全文圍繞“作者對圖書館的愛”展開講述。故D項“我對圖書館的愛”為最佳標題。故選D。試題匯編試題匯編遼寧省鞍山市第一中學2021屆高三一模ThearticleWhatChinaGetsRightaboutRelationshipsbySamMassieremindsmeoftheQuoraquestionabouttheopiniononChinesepeople.Obviously,answersfromdifferentpeoplewon’tbethesame.Tome,thosedifferentpeoplefallintotwogroups:thosewithavaguepictureofChina,andthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywell.It’squiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice:“Whenwaschild,wastaughttobewatchfularoundChinesepeople-theywerethetypethatsmiledwhenoffendedbecausethey’llstabyouinthebackinrevenge(報復).Theyvaluedmoneyoverhumanlife,andthatwasmotive(動機)foralltheiractivities.”-QuoraUser.Thatprovidesus,ifIcansayso,aracist’sstereotypeofChinesepeople.ItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChina-alonghistory,alargepopulation,theGreatWall,PandaExpress,festivals,tea,kongfumovies,cheapandbadclothes,themanufacturingpower,averylargeinternalmarket,andhardworking(yes,especiallyhighschoolstudents).Allthesearerathertoosimpleandgeneral.Bycontrast,tothosewecallaChina-hand,itisquiteobviousthattheword“Chinese”bearsmuchmore.Intoday’severglobalizedworld,moreandmoreforeignfriendsareincreasinglyattractedtoChineseculture.TheylearnChinese,makeChinesefriends,watchChinesemovies,andpayvisitsorevenmovetoChina.Understandingthedifferencesbetweentheeastandthewest,theycouldseethroughtheappearance.Inmanycases,thefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenessbutitisactuallynotthatsimple.Whatshouldbepaidattentiontoarethein-group/out-groupeffects.SamMassieiswiseinsayingthat“rudenesstostrangersistheflipside(相反面)ofdeepbondswithlovedones.Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople.Tome,nomatterwhattheWesterners’opinionsare,whatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers.What’syouropinion?1.Accordingtothewriter,thefirstgroup________.A.judgeChinesepeopleone-sidedlyB.seewellintoChinesecultureC.turnouttobeill-educatedatschoolD.drawreasonableconclusionsaboutChina2.AChina-handwillmostprobablyagreethat________.A.ChinesepeoplecandoanythingtofightbackagainstthosewhooffendthemB.ChinaisveryattractiveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeopleC.ChinahasalonghistoryandthemosthardworkingstudentsintheworldD.Chinaisprofit-drivenandasaresult,peoplearecoldtostrangers3.Theunderlinedwordstereotypeinthefourthparagraphprobablymeans________.A.changingandreasonableidea B.afixedandoftenrightideaC.afixedandoftenfalseidea D.achangingandunfairidea4.Thewriter’sattitudetoSamMassie’sbookis________.A.approving B.objective C.critical D.indifferent【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.A【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了薩姆·馬西書中關于一些西方人對中國人存在刻板印象，作者贊成薩姆·馬西的觀點，認為中國人是慷慨的、真誠的。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It’squiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice(第一類人很容易得出帶有偏見的結論)”可知，第一類人看待中國人有偏見，因此，根據(jù)本文，第一類人是A項“judgeChinesepeopleone-sidedly(片面地評價中國人)”符合題意。故選A項。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一中的“andthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywell(另一類是非常了解中國文化的人)”以及最后一段“Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople(我很高興他了解中國人的慷慨、真誠和其他優(yōu)良品質(zhì))”可知，薩姆·馬西非常了解中古文化，并且喜歡中國人的慷慨和真誠。因此，一個“中國通”最可能贊成的是B.項“Chinaisveryattractiveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeople(中國文化很有吸引力，中國人也很慷慨和真誠)”符合題意。故選B項。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“ItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChina-alonghistory,alargepopulation,theGreatWall,PandaExpress,festivals,tea,kongfumovies,cheapandbadclothes,themanufacturingpower,averylargeinternalmarket,andhardworking(遺憾的是，許多人對中國有著不清楚的認識——歷史悠久，人口眾多，長城，熊貓快餐，節(jié)日，茶，功夫片，廉價和劣質(zhì)的衣服，制造業(yè)的力量，非常大的內(nèi)部市場，以及勤奮)”可知，很多人對中國的認識是不清楚的，憑想當然的一種刻板印象。因此，劃線詞所在句子的意思為“如果我可以這么說的話，這給我們提供了一個種族主義者對中國人的刻板印象”，劃線詞stereotype的意思為C項“afixedandoftenfalseidea(一種固定的、通常是錯誤的看法)”符合題意。故選C項。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thatprovidesus,ifIcansayso,aracist’sstereotypeofChinesepeople(如果我可以這么說的話，這給我們提供了一個種族主義者對中國人的刻板印象)”以及最后一段“Inmanycases,thefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenessbutitisactuallynotthatsimple…Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople.Tome,nomatterwhattheWesterners’opinionsare,whatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers.(在許多情況下，一些西方人對中國的第一印象不過是粗魯無禮，但實際上并不是那么簡單……我很高興他了解中國人的慷慨、真誠和其他優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。對我來說，不管西方人的意見是什么，真正重要的是我們的行為舉止和對待他人的方式。)”可知，作者認為，很多人對中國人的了解是片面的，他們對中國人存在刻板印象，是實際上并不能這么簡單的看，作者和薩姆·馬西的都認為中國人是慷慨、真誠的。因此，作者對薩姆·馬西的書的態(tài)度是A項“approving(贊成)”符合題意。故選A項。2021屆廣東省廣州市高三一模英語測試題Around200B.C,Aristophanes,anancientGreeklibrarian,developedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread.Beforethis,wordswereoftenwritteninonelongsentencewithoutspacesbetweenthewords.Todayinmanylanguages—includingEnglish-thereisasetofrulesonhowtousefullstops,commasandothertextmarks.However,somebelievethisischanging.DrRobertFrost,whostudieslanguage,sayspeoplenolongerusefullstopsandotherpunctuationsymbolsbecausetheyfeeltheirmessagesareclearenoughwithoutthem.So,ispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome?Yes—punctuationisimportantPunctuationisneededinordertomakethemeaningofwrittenwordsclear.Ifaparentmessagedtosay,“It'stimetoeat,children,”thisisdifferentfrom“It'stimetoeatchildren”.Thesecondsentencewouldprobablymakeyouwanttorunintheoppositedirectionbecauseitsoundsasthoughchildrenwereonthemenu.TheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddrama,tobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentence.“Itallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetbored,”Pierceclaims.“Otherwise,thewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpact.”Besides,learningthedifferentwayspunctuationmarkscanbeusedisfun.Itcanaddalottothestyleofwritingandmakeitclearer.No—wedon'tneeditPunctuation.Even,ifasentenceisbadlypunctuated,likethisone:Itcanstillbe,understood.Thisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentence,notthesymbolsbetweenthem.Oxford-basedlinguistKellyJonessays,“Itistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaning,notthepunctuationmarks.Ifthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentence,peoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosay.Forinstance,whenpeoplespeak,theydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachother.”Also,punctuationcanbeconfusing—therearelotsofcomplexrulestoobserve,andifitisusedincorrectlyitcancausemoreproblemsthaniftherewerenone,punctuationsimplyisn'tneeded.5.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Todiscussalternativeviewpoints. B.Tosupportoneargumentoveranother.C.Toevaluatethestrengthofcompetingideas. D.Tooutlinehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage.6.Whobelievespunctuationisnecessary?A.RobertFrostandKellyJones. B.AristophanesandRobertFrost.C.JonathanPierceandKellyJones. D.AristophanesandJonathanPierce.7.Inparagraph3,theunderlinedpartisusedas________A.adefinition. B.afact. C.anexample. D.anerror.8.WhichofthefollowingcanbeastrongargumentagainstKellyJones'sopinion?A.Punctuationaddstotheeffectandrichnessofalanguage.B.Withoutpunctuation,peoplewouldbebreathlesswhenspeaking.C.Pausesandtonesinspeechservesimilarfunctionstopunctuation.D.Thechoiceandorderofwordsareimportanttoconveyingmeaning.【答案】5.A6.D7.C8.C【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了標點符號的發(fā)明歷史以及從支持和反對兩個方面論述了人們對于需不需要使用標點符號的看法。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“So,ispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome?(那么，標點符號是有用的還是麻煩的呢？)”結合文章從支持和反對兩個方面論述了人們對于需不需要使用標點符號的看法，可推知，這篇文章的目的是討論不同的觀點。故選A。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Around200B.C,Aristophanes,anancientGreeklibrarian,developedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread.(大約在公元前200年，古希臘圖書管理員Aristophanes發(fā)明了一種標記系統(tǒng)，將文本分解，使其更易于閱讀)”以及第二段中“TheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddrama,tobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentence.“Itallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetbored,”Pierceclaims.“Otherwise,thewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpact.”(作者JonathanPierce認為，標點可以用來增加戲劇效果，打破詞語的順序，改變句子的節(jié)奏。Pierce稱：“這能讓作者把句子寫得更有趣，這樣讀者就不會感到無聊?！胺駝t，這些詞互相碰撞就會失去它們的影響力?！?”可知，Aristophanes和JonathanPierce認為標點是必要的。故選D。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Punctuation.Evenifasentenceisbadlypunctuated,likethisone:Itcanstillbe,understood.Thisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentence,notthesymbolsbetweenthem.(標點符號。即使一個句子標點符號用得不好，就像下面這句話：它仍然可以，被理解。這段簡短的文字表明，單詞才是句子的重要組成部分，而不是它們之間的符號)”可推知，在第三段中，下劃線部分是一個例子。故選C。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Oxford-basedlinguistKellyJonessays,“Itistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaning,notthepunctuationmarks.Ifthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentence,peoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosay.Forinstance,whenpeoplespeak,theydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachother.”(牛津大學的語言學家KellyJones說：“單詞出現(xiàn)的順序，而不是標點符號，就能傳達意思。如果對這句話的意思有任何疑問，人們能聰明得理解這個人真正想說什么。例如，當人們說話時，他們不使用標點符號，但我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳斫鈱Ψ健！?”可推知，KellyJones認為標點符號沒有必要，因為人們說話不使用標點符合也可以傳達意思，結合選項可知C選項“說話中的停頓和聲調(diào)與標點的作用相似”的觀點可以有力地反駁KellyJones的觀點。故選C。2021屆廣東省江門市高三一模英語測試題Iamaputterer—apersonspendingalotoftimedoingthingspeopleusuallyconsiderunimportantinarelaxedway.However,Idon’tthinkputteringiswastingmytime.Itisasatisfyingwayofdealingwithone’sdomesticenvironmentinawayonecannotdowiththeworldatlarge.Asafather,I’vehadadifficulttimecommunicatingthistomycollege-ageson.Tomrecentlyboughtausedcar.Iwasproudofhimfornegotiatingagooddeal.WhenIlookeditover,Inoticedatinyspotofrust(銹).Likeasuperheroouttosavetheday,Irushedtowardtheimperfectionwithapieceofsandpaperandasmallbottleofclearnailpolishfrommyputteringresources.TomwatchedasIsandedthespotandthencoateditwiththenailpolish.Herolledhiseyes.“You’llunderstandsomeday,”Itoldhim.Asarule,Idonotusuallyconductsuchpublicperformances.Putteringis,inbrief,asolitary(獨自進行的)act,andputterersaremodestpeople.Theyobservesmallthingsthatmostfolkssimplytolerateapicturehungnotinastraightposition,adoornotshuttingwell,ashakytablelegItdoesn'ttakemucheffortortimetorightsuchdeficiencies.Butonceagain,thereissomethinginthesensibilityoftheputtererthatmakescorrectingthemdeeplyrewarding.Allofthisrisksgivinganimpressionofendless’andperhapsmindlessactivity.Butnothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thebeautyofputteringisthatitisasymbolofhavingcontroloverone’stime,respondingtotheneedsofone’shomeasoneseesfit:IfIdon’tfixtheshakykitchentabletoday,Icandoittomorrow,orthenextday,ornotatall.Puttering,youmightsay,hassetmefree.9.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTom’sattitudetowardhisfather’sputtering?A.Disapproval. B.Admiration.C.Gratitude. D.Embarrassment.10.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Heisextremelystrictwithhisson. B.Heshowsinterestincollectingoldthings.C.Hehasanobservingeyeforsmallthings. D.Heoftenoverlooksothers’imperfections.11.Whichofthefollowingwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“deficiencies”inparagraph3?A.Consequences. B.Obstacles.C.Inconveniences. D.Drawbacks.12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheBenefitsofPuttering B.MyEnjoymentofPutteringC.Puttering，WastingTime D.Puttering,MyDailyLife【答案】9.A10.C11.D12.B【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。短文主要敘述了作者是一個悠閑地做瑣碎事的人，作者很享受自己的狀態(tài)。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾內(nèi)容“TomwatchedasIsandedthespotandthencoateditwiththenailpolish.Herolledhiseyes.”可知湯姆看著父親用砂紙打磨那塊地方，然后在上面涂上指甲油，他翻了個白眼。因此可以推知，Tom對于作者磨蹭行為的不屑，不贊成的，選項A.Disapproval.(反對)說明了Tom的態(tài)度。故選A項。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Theyobservesmallthingsthatmostfolkssimplytolerateapicturehungnotinastraightposition,adoornotshuttingwell,ashakytableleg”可知作者需要觀察那些大多數(shù)人都能容忍的小事——一幅畫掛得不正，一扇門關不上，一條桌子腿在顫抖，因此判斷出，他是一個善于觀察小事的人，有敏銳的觀察力。故選C項。11.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞之前的such可知，“suchdeficiencies”應是指代前文提及的“apicturehungnotinastraightposition,adoornotshuttingwell,ashakytableleg(一幅畫掛得不正，一扇門關不上，一條桌子腿在顫抖)”，因此，可以推知deficiencies應是“缺陷；缺點”含義，與選項D.Drawbacks(缺點)含義相同。故選D項。12.主旨大意題。文章結構為總分總結構，末段再次呼應文章主旨：Thebeautyofputteringisthatitisasymbolofhavingcontroloverone’stime,respondingtotheneedsofone’shomeasoneseesfit:IfIdon’tfixtheshakykitchentabletoday,Icandoittomorrow,orthenextday,ornotatall.Puttering,youmightsay,hassetmefree.(“磨蹭”的美妙之處在于，它象征著你可以控制自己的時間，以自己認為合適的方式回應家里的需要：如果我今天不修理搖搖晃晃的廚房桌子，我明天就可以做，或者第二天，或者根本就不做。你可能會說，磨蹭讓我獲得了自由。)可知，本文的主要內(nèi)容講述了作者對于自己的悠閑地做瑣碎事的人的理解和感悟。選項B.“享受悠閑地做瑣碎事”貼合主題，為最佳標題。故選B項。2020屆山東省臨沂市高三一模Wespendathirdofouradultlivesworkingandanotherbigpartpreparingforourcareers.Historically,workwasrarelyseenasasourceofmeaningandpurpose.Duringthevastmajorityofour300,000-yearhumanevolution(進化),workwasinfactprettysimple.Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.Meaningandpurposecamefromsomewhereelse,likespirituality,art,religion,orscience.Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful-isarathermodern,ifnotpostmodern,invention.Onlyonehundredyearsagoitwouldhavebeenfrequenttoseeaworkerwhoreturnedfromatypicalworkdayatafactorycomplaintotheirfolksthattheydidn’tearnmuchortheywerewornoutandraretoseethattheycomplaintheydidn’texperienceasenseofpurpose.Similarly,theideathatweoughttobringour“wholeself”toworkisaprettynovelandrecentformofcareeradvice.ItsoriginscanbetracedtoWilliamKahnwhoinventedtheconceptofemployeeengagement30yearsago.Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkrole.Someseeworkasmerelyajobandclockinandouteveryday,withoutbringingtheirwholeselftowork.Workisjustnotacoreaspectoftheiridentity,andtheirconceptofthemselvesisbuiltonothersocialcategorieslikemother,husband,American,Christian,captainofthelocalsoccerteam,etc.Others,however,haveverylowpsychologicaldistancewiththeirworkrole,seeingitasessentiallyintertwined(交融的)withwhotheyare.Theydon’tjustcometowork,theyarefullydevotedtotheircareersandhaveaspiritualtypeofconnectionwiththeirjobs.Theyare,itseems,almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics(工作狂)mostcompanieslongfor.13.Whydidwespendmuchofouradultlivesworking?A.Toprepareforfuturecareers. B.Tofindthewatersources.C.Tohelpusevolve. D.Tomakeussurvive.14.Whydidthewritermentiontheworkeracentury,ago?A.Tohelpusfindmeaningatwork. B.Toprovethattheideawasmodern.C.Toshowusthebadolddays. D.Tocomplainabouttheexperience.15.WhichofthefollowingmightWilliamKahnagreewith?A.Employeeshavedifferentunderstandingsabouttheirworkrole.B.Everyemployeemustbringtheirwholeselftowork.C.Tobedevotedtoworkisaprettynovelidea.D.Workers’coreidentityisbuiltonartcategories.16Whatkindofemployeesdomostcompaniesfavour?A.Thosewhoseeworkasajob.B.Thosewhoidentifywiththeirworkrole.C.Thosewhoarefullydevotedtotheirwork.D.Thosewhopossessexperience.【答案】13.D14.B15.A16.C【解析】這是一篇議論文。成年后，我們有三分之一的時間在工作，還有很大一部分時間在為職業(yè)生涯做準備。工作是為了生存，而把“完整的自己”帶到工作中去，這也是一種相當新穎的職業(yè)建議。文章還說明了不同的人對工作的看法。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.”可知我們工作是為了吃飯，避免被吃掉。由此可知，我們成年后大部分時間都在工作，是為了生存。故選D。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful-isarathermodern,ifnotpostmodern,invention.”可知我們注定要在工作中找到意義或找到有意義的工作，這種想法即使不是后現(xiàn)代的，也是相當現(xiàn)代的發(fā)明。接著后文作者提到了這個一個世紀前的工人，由此可推知，作者提到這個一個世紀前的工人，是為了證明這個想法是現(xiàn)代的。故選B。15.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkrole.”可知他的觀點是，員工對自己工作角色的認同程度各不相同。由此可知，A選項“員工對自己的工作角色有不同的理解”屬于WilliamKahn的觀點。故選A。16.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theyare,itseems,almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholicsmostcompanieslongfor.”可知他們似乎幾乎被工作迷住了，是大多數(shù)公司渴望的工作狂類型。由此可知，大多數(shù)公司喜歡全身心投入工作的員工。故選C。湖北省鄂州市顎南高中2019-2020學年高三10月聯(lián)考Janus,theRomangod,hastwofaceslookinginoppositedirections.Sodoesartificialintelligence(AI).Ononesidearethepositivechanges,enablingpeopletoachievemore,farmorequickly,byusingtechnologytoimprovetheirexistingskills.Looktheotherway,though,andthereareplentyofpotentialpitfalls.LikeJanus,technologicalchangemayalsocausedisruption(混亂),butAIislikelytohaveabiggerimpactthananythingsincetheappearanceofcomputers,anditsconsequencescouldbefarmoredisruptive.Intheyearsahead,AIwillraisethreebigquestionsforbossesandgovernments.Oneistheeffectonjobs.AlthoughCEOspubliclypraisethebroadbenefitsAIwillbring,theirmaininterestliesincuttingcosts.OneEuropeanbankaskedInfosystofindawayofreducingthestaffinitsoperationsdepartmentfrom50,000to500.TheMcKinseyGlobalInstituteestimatesthatby2030upto375mpeople,or14%oftheglobalworkforce,couldhavetheirjobsreplacedbyAI.AsecondimportantquestionishowtoprotectprivacyasAIspreads.Theinternethasalreadymadeitpossibletotrackpeople’sdigitalbehaviorinminutedetail.AIwillofferevenbettertoolsforbusinessestomonitorconsumersandemployees,bothonlineandinthephysicalworld.Consumersaresometimeshappytogoalongwiththisifitresultsinpersonalisedserviceorpromotions.ButAIisboundtobringinvasionofprivacythatisseenasunacceptable.Forexample,law-enforcementofficialsaroundtheworldwilluseAItospotcriminals,butmayalsomonitorordinarycitizens.ThethirdquestionisabouttheeffectofAIoncompetitioninbusines