新人教版選修八-Unit-5-Meeting-your-ancestors-Grammar

Unit5MeetingyourancestorsGrammar

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ThePresentPerfectTense

現(xiàn)在完成時:基本用法現(xiàn)在完成時表結果,他的動作發(fā)生在過去,但是對現(xiàn)在有影響,而這種影響卻往往是說話人的興趣所在?，F(xiàn)在完成時跨越兩個時間,一個是過去,另一個是現(xiàn)在。Leadin.e.g.我從1975年起就學英語。

IhavestudiedEnglishsince1975.

自12世紀以來,中國就使用彩色印刷了。

TheyhavedonecolorprintinginChinasincethe12thcentury..

PresentPerfectContinuousTense

現(xiàn)在完成進行時:基本用法1)強調時間的持續(xù)性。如：電話響了差不多一分鐘,為什么沒人接?Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesn’tsomeoneanswerit?.

2)表重復。敘述從過去某時到現(xiàn)在或最近已在重復的動作。如：

最近天氣變化無常,我時常感冒。Theweatherhasbeenchangeablelately;I’vebeenhavingalotofcolds.3)有感情色彩。如：

今天真是一個多事之日。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday..現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較:A.未完結性

I’vecleanedthewindows.

我把窗戶擦干凈了。

I’vebeencleaningthewindows.

我擦窗戶來著。(可能窗戶尚未擦完).B.短暫性現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時都可以表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài),但完成進行是常表示短暫性。A.TheyhavelivedinNewYork.B.TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.

句A具有長期性,而句B具有短暫性。.C.剛完結性與現(xiàn)在完成時相比,現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時可以表示剛剛完結的動作。有時它是現(xiàn)在事件的直接原因,或者是得出結論的證據(jù)。如:

我的手很臟,我在油汽車來著。Myhandsaredirty.I’vebeenpaintingthecar.

你的眼睛又紅又腫,你是不是哭來著？Youreyesareredandpuffy.Haveyoubeencrying?.D.連續(xù)性或重復性現(xiàn)在完成進行時常常用于表示延續(xù)至今的連續(xù)性或重復性動作。如：

JimhavebeenphoningJennyeverynightfortheseveralmonth.Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine..結論:現(xiàn)在完成進行時主要用于表示A.過去開始而且現(xiàn)在仍在進行的動作。B.過去開始,現(xiàn)在剛剛停止的動作。C.現(xiàn)在看到其直接結果的動作?，F(xiàn)在完成時主要用于表示已經(jīng)完成的動作及其與現(xiàn)在的關系。.1,敘述某一動作從過去開始一直繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)之中或剛剛停止。經(jīng)常與for,since,recently,allmorning/day/week,howlong,allthetime用在一起。1)Youhavebeenstudyingforfourstraighthours.Whydon’tyoutakeabreak?2)Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesn’tsomeoneanswerit?.2,敘述從過去某時開始一直繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，但不再繼續(xù)下去的事情。－－帶有濃厚的感情色彩，強調持續(xù)了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”1)Oh,youhavecomeatlast!Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwolonghours.(我等了你足足兩個小時)2)Youarehere!Ihavebeenlookingforyoulong.（我找了你老半天）.3,敘述“最近”一直從事的工作或活動。－－lately,recentlyWhat’sthematter?Youreyesareredandpuffy.Haveyoubeencrying?(你是不是一直在哭？).4,敘述從過去某時到現(xiàn)在，或最近，一再重復的動作。Ihavebeenknocking.Idon’tthinkanybody’sin.(我一直在敲門。我想沒人在里面。)Ihavebeenwritingletterssincebreakfast.(我從早餐起就一直在寫信).May200:10Myyoungerbrother

thenet.(access)hasbeenaccessing.Thebaby

for1hour.(sleep)nowhasbeensleeping.They

basketballalltheday.(play)Nowhavebeenplaying.Now

Theboy_______________abook

foralmost4hours.(read)hasbeenreading.He________________withhisgirlfriend.(talk)nowhasbeentalking.

Thetelephone_______________foralmostaminute.(ring)Thesoundhascontinuedaboutoneminute.Thetelephoneisringing.hasbeenringing.2008-5-201:002008-5-2011:00Theyoungboy__________________TV.(watch)nowTVhasbeenwatching.08-5-19Thetworobotssincetheyhavebeenmade.(dancesing)havebeendancing

andsinging.inthemorningIdon,tknowwhythe_______________pig.(run)

nowrunhasbeenrunning.They______________gamesintheschool.(play)nowPlaygameshasbeenplaying.

Oh,youhavecomeatlast!I

__________________youfortwolonghours.(wait)(我等了你足足兩個小時)13:0015:00I,msorry!havebeenwaitingfor.You________________.(你一直在哭.)(cry)havebeencrying.

Youarehere!I__________________youlong.(look)（我找了你老半天）havebeenlooking

for

.Consolidation1.——Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.

——I'mtired.I___inthelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpainted

C.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted.2.—Thereissomuchsnowthesedays,isn'tthere?—Yes,it____forafewdays.A.wassnowingB.hasbeensnowingC.hadbeensnowingD.snowed.3.Althoughthesescientists____ontheprojectfornearlyfouryears,Idon'tknowhowlongitwilllast.A.havebeenworkingB.hadworkedC.wereworkingD.areworking.4.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider.5.Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe___inthemudallmorning.A.hasplayedB.isplayingC.hasbeenplayingD.wasplaying.6.Sinccethebeginningofthevocation,I___acrossthecountry,andmynextstopistheWuyiMountain.A.hastraveledB.willtravelC.havebeentravelingD.wastraneling.1.A:---IamsorryI_________(keep)youwaitingsolong.B:---Itisallright.I________________(read)thenewspapers.2.TheCCTV____________________(broadcast)Englishprogrammerseversince1977.用現(xiàn)在完成時和完成進行填空:havekepthavebeenreadinghasbeenbroadcasting.3.You_______(feel)betterwhenyou__________(take)themedicine.4.Shesaidwe__________(maykeep)thebook