Unit+2+Lessons+in+Life+Grammar+課件【知識精講精研】高二下學(xué)期英語外研版（2019）選擇性必修四冊

Unit3Period2Grammar課堂學(xué)習(xí)adverbialclauses1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

YoucanonlyimaginehowtravellersfeltwhentheysawtheoasisofDunhuangaheadofthem.b

Ifyoulookup,youcanseethepaintingsandotherartworks...c...Dunhuangwasnotasprosperousasitusedtobe.d

GiventhatthethemeoftheExpowastopromoteculturalexchange...,Dunbuangwastheidealplace.1Classifytheadverbialclausesinthesentences.conditioncomparisonreasontime2Whatothertypesofadverbialclausecanyouthinkof?Givesomeexamples.Place:Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.Purpose:Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearhim.Concession:Althoughwehavegrownup,ourparentsstilltreatusasyoungchildren.Manner:Helooksasifhehadbeenhitbylighting.Result:I’vehadso

manyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.bcdaNowlookformoresentenceswithadverbialclausesinthereadingpassage.1.Comealittlebitclosersothatyoucangetabetterview.2.TheApsarasaredepictedsailinginthebrightbluesky,withtheirscarvesflying,asiftheyareabouttoflydowntomeetus.3.ThescrollsaresodetailedthattheydescribethevastrangeofgoodsthatwereimportedandexportedfromDunhuang,suchasceramics,medicine,perfumesandfruit,tonamejustafew.4.Gradually,itfadedfrommemory,eventhoughitwasoncesuchagreencity.【語法講解】狀語從句起副詞作用，用來修飾句中謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。狀語從句一般由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，也可由連詞詞組引導(dǎo)。位于句首或句中時常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號。根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、目的和比較等狀語從句。

when/

while/as/since/before/after/until/till/assoonas/...thesecond/theminute/theinstant/everytime/...immediately/instantly/directly...where/whereverbecause/as/since/inthat/nowthat...sothat/so...that/such...that...if/unless/incase/onconditionthat/supposingthat...timeplacereasonresultcondition常用連接詞

than/notso...as..../as.....as....although/though/as/eventhough=evenif/nomatterwh-....sothat/inorderthat/lest(以免)/incase...asif/asthough/as(按照)comparisonconcessionpurposemanner一、時間狀語從句1.when,while,as(1)“主短從長”：主句是短暫性動作，從句是持續(xù)性動作，when，while和as都可用。e.g.IfeltquitesorrywhenJanerefusedmyinvitationtotheconcert.Don’thavethewaterrunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth.Ashewasreadingthenewspaper,hefellasleep.(2)“主長從長”：主、從句表示兩個同時進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，此時可以用while和as。e.g.AsIlistened,Igotconfused(3)“主長從短”：主句是持續(xù)性動作，從句是短暫性動作，可用as，when,不用while。e.g.Itwasraininghardwhenwearrived.

AsIentered，hewasreadingthenewspaper.(4)“主短從短”：主從句表示的是兩個同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生的短暫性動作，用as/when【注意】從屬連詞while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。e.g.Iwantthegirlstoexperiencethatwhiletheyareyoung.(5)從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個動作交替進(jìn)行或同時完成，可譯為“一邊……，一邊……”。e.g.Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.2.till,until,not..until

(1)

till與until的意義和用法基本相同，指某一動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到till/until后面的詞語或句子所表示的時間為止，此時主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，主、從句都為肯定式。這兩個詞可以換用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。e.g.Haveyouheardthemeetingwillbeputofftill/untilnextTuesday?Continueinthisdirectiontill/untilyouseethesign.(2)not...until/till則表示“直到……才”，此時主句動詞通常是瞬間動詞，表示一直到until/till后面的詞語或句子所表示的時間為止某一動作才開始。e.g.Ididn’tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.3.before,afterbefore引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前，after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。e.g.HewashereforonlythreedaysbeforehiscompanysenthimtoAustralia.Afterhewashereforonlythreedays,hiscompanysenthimtoAustralia.4.

since(1)since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語為非延續(xù)性動詞用一般過去時，此時從句表示的時間從動作發(fā)生之時算起。e.g.Asisreported,itis100yearssinceTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded.(2)since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語為延續(xù)性動詞或表狀態(tài)的動詞一般過去時，此時從句表示的時間從那個持續(xù)性動作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束算起。e.g.Ihaven’twrittentohersinceshelivedinLondon.Itis+一段時間+since.這個句型與Ithasheen+一段時間+since...意思相同，表示“自從……以來有多久”。e.g.Ithasbeen/Itistenyearssincetheylastmet.5.

表示“剛……就……”的從屬連詞：assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment/minute/instant,

nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when/once這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動作與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，表示“一……就……”，從句中用一般時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài)。e.g.You’llfeelexcitedthemomentthestarstepsoutoftheplane.1.____________hadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.2.________JohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.3.____shegrewolder,shegainedinconfidence.4.Thevoteshad________beencounted,_____thetelephonerang.NosoonerWhileAsscarcelywhen【牛刀小試】二、讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：1.although/though(盡管，雖然),eventhough/evenif(即使)although與though兩者意思相同，一般可互換，都可以與yet，still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。e.g.Althoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.【注意】though還可用作副詞，意為“可是，然而”，置于句末。e.g.Hesaidhewouldcome,hedidn’t,though.2.

as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的倒裝as或though從句一般放在主句之前，常用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。e.g.Childasheis,heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.3.whether...or..（不管……還是……）e.g.Actually,whoeverworkshardcanbewhateverhewantstobe,whetheritisapilot,anengineeroramanager.4.

when（本來可以……卻）和while（盡管，雖然）e.g.Suddenly,shestoppedwhensheoughttohavecontinued.5.

whatever,however,whenever,wherever等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“無論……”。e.g.Whatevertheweatherisliketomorrow,wewillsetsailforCanada.這些詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，通?？蓳Q成nomatter...e.g.Nomatterwhatwedo.wemustcarryoutourduties.

Nomatterwhereweare,wemustalwayskeepincontact!1.__________Irespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.2.___________howhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.3.______________museumshavebeggedtoborrowhercollection,shecouldneversplititup.4.Twopeopleinloveareathome________theyare,____________oftentheymove.【牛刀小試】MuchasNomatter

Evenif/thoughwherevernomatterhow三、條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if,unless(除非),so/aslongas(只要),incase(萬一),on(the)conditionthat(條件是),suppose/supposing(假設(shè),如果),assuming(假定),provided/providingthat(如果),這其中有某些動詞或其非謂語動詞形式和介詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化為從屬連詞。e.g.Unlessyou’vetriediton,youcan’timaginehowpleasantthenewdressis.Suppose/Supposing(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?【注意】(1)條件狀語從句的時態(tài)：當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時或祈使句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來；主句為過去的某一時態(tài)時，從句用過去的某一時態(tài)，但狀語從句可用情態(tài)動詞will表示意愿或委婉的請求。e.g.Ishallbepleasedtogo,ifyouwillaccompanyme.(2)suppose/supposing引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時，主句通常為疑問句。1.We’llstartourproject___thepresidentagrees.2.Youwillcertainlysucceed_____________youkeepontrying.3.____________thereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.4.Nothingwillchange________theworkerscontinuetoaccepttheseappallingconditions.【牛刀小試】ifsolongasProvidedthataslongas四、地點狀語從句(1)引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere等。e.g.Today,wewillbeginwherewestoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(2)有時地點狀語從句兼有抽象條件的含義。e.g.Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.1.Generally,airwillbeheavilypolluted_______therearefactories.2._________yougo,youshouldworkhard.3._________shegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.4.Thehousestood_______therehadbeenarock.【牛刀小試】wherewhereWhereverWherever五、原因狀語從句(1)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,giventhat,另外，when還表示“既然；考慮到”；并列連詞for加分句也可表示原因，for引導(dǎo)的分句對前面的內(nèi)容補充說明。e.g.Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.

Now(that)/Sinceitissohot,Iguesswecan’tdoanythinguntilafterdark.(2)除了狀語從句外，一些介詞短語同樣可以表示原因，這樣的短語有：becauseof,thanksto,dueto,owingto等?！咀⒁狻縝ecause是從屬連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句，so是并列連詞引導(dǎo)并列句，因此我們不能用because...so...這種漢語式的表達(dá)，就像我們不能說although...but...一樣。但because從句可以與becauseof短語進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，e.g.Hecan’tcomebecauseheisill.

=

Hecan’tcomebecauseofhisillness.1.Myfriendslikeme_________I’mhandsomeandsuccessful.2.__________everybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.3.___________youarestillyoung,Iforgiveyou.4.___________hehasbeenoffsickallweekhe’sunlikelytocome.【牛刀小試】becauseNowthatGiventhatSeeingthat六、目的狀語從句(1)inorderthat與sothat兩個連詞意為“以便……；為了……”，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動詞，inorderthat比sothat正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后，而so

that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。e.g.Whenhegoesout,heoftenwearssunglassessothat/inorderthatnobody/noonecanrecognizehim.(2)forfearthat,incase與leste.g.Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.Takeyourraincoatincase/lestitshouldrain.【注意】①目的狀語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式（短語）作狀語，從而簡化句子結(jié)構(gòu)；當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，直接簡化為用不定式作目的狀語；當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句主語不一致時，要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)forsb.

todosth.作狀語。e.g.I’llgetupearlysoastobereadywhenyoucome.I’llmakeoutthecontractforyoutosigntomorrow.②目的狀語從句有時還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為表示目的的介詞短語。如：forfearof,withthepurposeof,inthehopeof,inhopesof等。e.g.Wearesendingoutsamplesinhopesofgettingcomments.③incase引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，從句謂語可用“should/might+動詞原形”，其中的should表示“萬一，倘使”。lest所連接的狀語從句里常用should或動詞原形。1.Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletters________hecouldsignthem.2.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceforthepurpose____thestudentsintheblackcouldhearmoreclearly.3.Ihadmycameraready,_______Isawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.【牛刀小試】

sothatthatincase七、結(jié)果狀語從句(1)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有；sothat,so...that...,such...that...,當(dāng)so或such置于句首時，主句要用倒裝語序。在非正式語體中，由so...that...,such...that...引導(dǎo)的句子中that可以省略。(2)

注意其結(jié)構(gòu)形式：so+形容詞/副詞+that從句so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句so+many/much/few/little（少）+名詞+that從句such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+alotof/lotsof+名詞+that從句1.Hegotup___early____hecaughtthefirstbus.2.It’s____agoodchance____wemustnotmissit.3.Westartedforthepeakearly,_______wesawthesunrise.4.To____adegreewasheexcited_____hecouldn’tsleeplastnight.【牛刀小試】sothatsuchthatsothatsuchthat八、比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較),than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：themore...themore...,justas...,AistoBwhat/asXistoY,no...morethan,notAsomuchasB等e.g.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.九、方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as,asif,asthough,theway等，方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后，其中asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。e.g.Thesituationofunemploymenthasnotbeensoseriousas(is)

expected.1.Sheis___bad-tempered___hermother.2.Thehouseisthreetimes___big___ours.3.Shebehaved_______sheweretheboss.4.Sometimesweteachourchildren________ourparentshavetaughtus.【牛刀小試】asasasifthewayasas2Completethepassagewiththeclausesinthebox.nomatterwhatcultureitcomesfromsothatpeoplecanlearnaboutdifferentculturesasiftheyareneighboursthatover15,000peopleeachyearattendthemasthetraditionalismixedwiththemodernYo-YoMaisaFrench-bornChineseAmericancellistknownforhismusicaltalent.In1998,MafoundedSilkroad,anorganisationthatexploresmusicaltraditionsincountries1_______________________________________________sothatpeoplecanlearnaboutdifferentcultures

ThefundamentalpurposeofSilkroadistobringpeoplefromacrosstheglobetogethertoplayandlistentomusic.Instrumentsandstylesareblendedtogethertocreatemusicthatissurprising,rich,andcompletelyoriginal,2___________________________________________.What’smore,3____________________________________________,peoplecanlearnaboutthedevelopmentofcultureasawhole.nomatterwhatcultureitcomesfrom

asthetraditionalismixedwiththemodern

TheeventsthatSilkroadorganisesareeitherperformances,workshops,ormixedmusical-artisticdisplays.Itissosuccessful4____________________________________________.Peoplemeetasstrangers,buttheyleave5________________________________,learningthatdifferentcultureshavemoreincommonthantheyimagined.thatover15,000peopleeachyearattendthem

asiftheyareneighbourssothatpeoplecanlearnaboutdifferentcultures

(purpose)nomatterwhatcultureitcomesfrom

(concession)asthetraditionalismixedwiththemodern

(reason)thatover15,000peopleeachyearattendthem

(result)asif