Unit9 TOPIC TALK - LESSON1 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky版本：新北師單元：必修三Unit9

(TOPICTALK—LESSON1)本單元詞匯梳理1.approach一詞多義：基本義“接近”(comenearer)意為“處理……的方法”時與介詞to搭配類似結(jié)構(gòu)有solutionto,keyto,wayto等2.partnerpart(部分)+-er(人)→成為其中的一部分→伙伴；伴侶3.reflectre-(back向后、往回)+-flect(bend彎、轉(zhuǎn))一詞多義：基本義“反射”詞塊reflecton/upon；派生詞reflection4.argue詞塊：arguewithsbabout/oversth=haveanargumentwithsbabout/oversth熟詞生義：論證(arguefor/against;arguethat)5.assume表示“承擔(dān)”時是正式用語詞塊：assumeresponsibilityforsth=takeresponsibilityforsth派生詞：assuming,assumption6.inner反義詞：outer7.flexibleflex-(tobend彎曲)+-ible→能彎曲的→靈活的、可變動的派生詞：flexibility,inflexible8.endupendupdoingsth,endupwith/in9.promotepro-(forward向前)+-mot-(tomove移動)+-e詞源義和基本義是“向前移動；向前發(fā)展”熟詞生義：晉升；促銷派生詞：promotion10.workout一詞多義：基本義“做出”11.inshort=inbrief12.attempttoattempttodosth=trytodosth13.unlikelyun-+likely（adj

可能的）反義詞：likely14.dinosaurdino-(恐怖的)+-saur(蜥蜴)15.existex-(向外)+-sist(tostand站立)→站出來的→存在的詞族：exist,existence,existing16.data詞塊：collect/gatherdata,databank,bigdata17.ignorei(n)-(not不、無)+-gnor-(know知道)+-e→不知道→忽視、不理睬18.impression詞塊：leave/makea(n)(good/deep)impressiononsb,leavesbwitha(n)(good/deep)impression詞族：impress,impressed,impression,impressionist,

impressive重難點詞精講reflect一詞多義argue熟詞生義approachassume英語釋義promote一詞多義flexible一詞多義英語釋義一詞多義英語釋義workout一詞多義impress&impression一詞多義詞族詞根likely&unlikely精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義翻譯句子。1.圣誕節(jié)就要來臨。______________________________2.列車即將進站。______________________________approachChristmasiscoming.approachingThetrainisarriving.approaching詞源：動詞approach由ad

“to”+propiare

[拉丁語prope（near）的比較級]構(gòu)成，詞源義/基本義是“comenearer”“靠近；接近”。

vt&vi(距離上)靠近(near)；(時間上)臨近；(數(shù)量上)接近

tocomenearornearertosb/sthinspace,time,amount,etc.：approachvApproachingthevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.2016全國AsTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.2012陜西書面表達Thepopulationofourprovinceisnowapproaching74million.走近來臨接近

vt與……接洽

tospeaktosbusuallyinordertoaskforsth：Thestaffsoonfoundthenewmanagereasytoapproach.2012陜西Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.

vt處理

tostartdealingwithaproblem,task,etc.：What’sthebestwayofapproachingthisproblem/matter/task?表示處理的詞還有：dealwith,handle,address

[U]靠近；接近：theapproachofautumnThestudentsstoppedtalkingattheteacher’sapproach.

[C]通道；道路aroadorpath,etc.leadingtosth：All

approachestothetownwereblocked.

[C](處理……的)方法；(達到……的)途徑awayofdealingwithsb/sth：adifferentapproachtotheproblemtryanewapproachtoteachingEnglishapproachn跟to搭配的常見名詞有：answer,key,solution,visit,way,path,contribution,entrance,exit,access等

approach語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖vn（距離上）靠近；（時間上）臨近；（數(shù)量上）接近靠近；接近與……接洽通道；道路（處理……的）方法（達到……的）途徑“靠近”距離、時間、數(shù)量等“靠近”人“靠近”事情處理靠近基本義reflect注：在物理課上我們學(xué)過，鏡面反射和漫反射都是光的“反射”現(xiàn)象。反射可以用reflect表達。詞源：“turnorbendback”re-(back向后、往回)+-flect(bend彎、轉(zhuǎn))基本義：反射reflectv

vt&vi反射（光、熱、聲等）：Withouttheforestcover,theseareaswouldreflectmoreheatintotheatmosphere,warmingtherestoftheworld.

vt[常用于被動語態(tài)]（鏡子等）映出：Herfacewasreflectedinthemirror.

vt[通常不用于進行時]反映：Mid-AutumncelebrationsreflectChineseculturaltraditions.

vi&vt反思；回想；仔細考慮：Onthewayhomehereflectedthat

theinterviewhadgonewell.Ireflecton/uponhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek.2019全國改?reflectiveadj

(WritingWorkshop)

反射熱的；反光的

［正式用語］沉思的；深思的(thoughtful)reflect語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖反射reflect基本義反射具體的事物反射影像反射抽象事物在腦海中反射已發(fā)生的事情反射（光、熱、聲等）反映（鏡子等）映出反思；回想；仔細考慮具體到抽象reflect語義樹【拓展reflection】(WritingWorkshop)reflectvreflectionn

反射

映像

反映

反復(fù)思考；仔細考慮（鏡子等）映出

反映

反思；回想；仔細考慮反射（光、熱、聲等）

[U]

反射：thereflectionofasoundwave

[C]

映像：thereflectionof

thetreesinthelake

[C]

反映：Onsomelevel,astudent’sgradesareareflectionon

theteacher.

[C]&[U]反復(fù)思考；仔細考慮reflectionnargue

談到“argue”一詞，你可能會聯(lián)想到怒氣沖沖的人在“爭吵”的畫面。“爭論；爭吵”是你熟悉的argue的釋義，但它還有另外一層釋義——“論證”,從某種程度上說，是常見釋義“爭論”在程度上的加深。通過其英語釋義(togivereasonsthatsupportyouropinionaboutsth)即“給出理由支持你的觀點”也可以更好地理解這層釋義。argue

v

vi爭論；爭辯；爭吵：argue(withsb)(about/oversth)：DoyoueverarguewithyourfamilyaboutwhichTVprogrammetowatch?

vi&vt

論證

togivereasonsthatsupportyouropinionaboutsth：Theauthorarguedfor/against

freeuniversityeducation.

2010北京改Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.2011廣東argue表示“爭論；爭吵”時，后接介詞with或about/over。語義程度遞進

[C]&[U]爭吵；爭論；辯論：haveanargument(withsb)(about/oversth)Igotintoaheatedargumentwithafriend.2013重慶改Settlethequestionbyargument,notbyfight.

[C]論據(jù)；理由；論點：Thisparagraphgivestheargumentsagainstcars.Weallfoundhisargumentconvincingandinteresting.【溫故】必修二Unit4argumentnassume將下列句子譯成英語。我本以為他是法國人，但是實際上他是德國人。I______________aFrenchman,butactuallyhewasaGerman.thoughthewashadassumedhimtobeassumevt

[正式用語]擔(dān)任；承擔(dān)(take)：assumeofficeImadeamistakeandIwillassumeresponsibilityforit.

假定；設(shè)想tothinkthatsthistrue,althoughyouhavenoproof：Wethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.Itisgenerallyassumed(that)stressiscausedbytoomuchwork.Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.2009江蘇通過英語釋義來理解辨析assume,supposeassume假定；設(shè)想tothinkthatsthistrue,althoughyouhavenoproofIjustassumedthatthewomanstandingnexttoJackwashiswife.我以為站在杰克旁邊的那名女子是他的妻子。suppose認為；猜想tothinkthatsthisprobablytrue,especiallybecauseofsomeinformationyouhaveTherearemanyreasonstosupposethatShakespearewasfamiliarwiththestoriesofmedievalItaly.我們有許多理由認為莎士比亞熟悉意大利中世紀(jì)故事。suppose多用于書面語或正式語境中。沒有依據(jù)有依據(jù)?assumingconj

假設(shè)；假定：Assuming(that)you’rechosentobetheleader,whatwillyoudo??assumptionn[C]假定；假設(shè)：Weareworkingontheassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.詞匯拓展flexibleflexible=flex-(bend彎曲)+-ible→“可彎曲的”。當(dāng)人的身體“可彎曲”時可譯為“柔韌的”。隨著語言的發(fā)展，具體的基本義衍生出了新的抽象意義，flexible可以指人或計劃等“可變通的；靈活的”。flexibleadj反inflexible

易彎曲的；柔韌的abletobendeasilywithoutbreaking：

Rubberisaflexiblesubstance.Dancersneedtobeflexible.

可變通的；靈活的

abletochangetosuitanynewsituation：

aflexiblescheduleWhenaskedabouttheirworkschedules,manypeoplepreferredmoreflexiblework/workinghours.Goodjobcandidatesmustshowaflexibleapproachtoproblems.?flexibilityn[U]柔韌性；靈活性同族詞：flexible,flexibility,inflexible借助英語釋義理解借助英語釋義理解promote特蕾莎修女（嬤嬤）（MotherTeresaofCalcutta，1910－1997），是世界著名的天主教慈善工作者，因其一生致力于消除貧困，于1979年獲得諾貝爾和平獎（theNobelPeacePrize）。她在接受諾貝爾和平獎時說道：“你能為促進世界和平做些什么呢?回家愛你的家人吧。”promotevt

促進；推動tohelpsthtohappenordevelop(encourage)：promoteinternationalcooperationWemustpromoteoriginality,inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation.Goodlisteningcanshowrespect,promoteunderstanding,andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.2008江蘇書面表達改promote

詞源解讀promote=pro-(forward向前)+-mot-(move移動)+-e。詞源義是“向前移動、向前發(fā)展”。前綴為pro-的詞：progress,protest,proceed詞根-mot-的同根詞：emotion

[常用于被動語態(tài)]

晉升：Hehasbeenpromotedto

generalmanager.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.2014安徽

促銷；推廣：Whatistheadvertisementpromoting?【詞匯拓展】promotionn[C]&[U]晉升；促銷；[U]促進：getapromotionpromote語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖使職位“向前發(fā)展”使某事“向前發(fā)展”晉升促進；推動促銷；推廣使產(chǎn)品銷售“向前發(fā)展”向前發(fā)展（基本義）promoteJason___________________

(鍛煉)twoorthreetimesaweek.exercisesdoes/takesexercise/大家回想一下，“鍛煉”可以用哪些英語詞匯來表達呢？worksout

算出(calculate)；總共達：I’mjusttryingtoworkouthowmuchIspendeachmonth.

解決(solve)；把……弄清楚：Toworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRusellseveraltimes.2014陜西

制定(出)：Trainedexerciseteacherscanhelpyouworkoutatrainingplanandkeepyouactive.

產(chǎn)生結(jié)果；被證明有效todeveloporprogress,especiallyinagoodway：EverythingworkedoutOKintheend.

鍛煉；訓(xùn)練：Igotothesportsclubandworkoutonceaweek.workout做出基本義work

(做)+out(出來)workout語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖做出計算做出問題做出計劃做出運動做出效果算出；總共達解決；把……弄清楚制定(出)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果；被證明有效鍛煉；訓(xùn)練likely紀(jì)錄片MostLikelytoSucceed《極有可能成功》是關(guān)于HighTechHigh學(xué)校。在這所學(xué)校里，沒有教科書、沒有上下課鈴聲、沒有考試，孩子們每天都忙于一些自主選擇的特定項目，為了一年一度的大型展覽廢寢忘食；結(jié)果是：98%的大學(xué)入學(xué)率。likely

反

unlikely■adj[常與more,most連用]可能的probable：Ifyoucanfindsuitablelearningmethods,yourlearningefficiencyislikelytoimprove. 2011上海改①belikelytodosth:Themoreexposedyoungpeoplearetofinancialissues,the

morelikely

theyaretobecomeresponsible.2008上海改注：在不少詞典和詞匯書中給出的likely作形容詞時的漢語釋義是“很可能的”，并不準(zhǔn)確。likely作形容詞時，其英語釋義是probable，因此，likely的精準(zhǔn)漢語釋義應(yīng)該是“可能的”。②itislikely+(that)從句：Itislikelythatyoucouldsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.Ifoneislateforajobinterview,itisnotlikelythathewillgetthejob. 2015陜西

注：likely的主語既可以是人或物，也可以是it。其結(jié)構(gòu)為sb/sthislikelytodosth和itislikely+(that)從句?！?/p>

adv[常與most,more,very連用]可能：Whenonewolfstartstohowl,verylikelyotherswillfollow.2011湖北Notlikely![表示強烈的否定]絕不可能！才不呢！—Wouldshemindplayingagainstherformerteammates?—Notlikely!

2010浙江改adj不太可能的反likely；[只用于名詞前]非想象中的：Imethimatthemostunlikelyplace.①(be)unlikelytodosth:Someonewholacksstayingpowerandperseveranceisunlikelytomakeagoodresearcher.②itisunlikely+(that)從句:It’sunlikelythatshe’llarrivebeforeseven.unlikely

[不用于進行時]給……留下極深的印象:impresssbwith/bysth:impressvt

Onecandidateinparticularimpresseduswithherknowledge.

[正式用語]使意識到：Theteacherimpressed

theimportanceofEnglishon/uponme.詞源

：impress由前綴im-

(in-)“向內(nèi)”+press“按；壓”構(gòu)成；基本義為“向內(nèi)壓”。impress

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)向內(nèi)壓impress基本義向內(nèi)壓到思想里

給……留下極深的印象

使意識到向思想里壓的結(jié)果程度的遞進impressimpressionimpressionistimpressionismimpressivelyimpressedimpressive同族詞Hemadeadeepimpressiononme./Heleftmewithadeepimpression.2015江蘇改

印象；感覺：impressionn[C]動詞虛化Ihadtheimpression(that)wehadmetbefore.【詞匯拓展】impressiveadj

給人深刻印象的；

令人欽佩的：Shewasveryimpressiveintheinterview.impressedadj(對……)

印象深刻的/欽佩的：(be)impressedwith/by:LiKangisveryimpressedwiththeteachersandthetechnologyinhisnewschool.press詞根記詞匯pressv

壓impress

v蓋??；使留下深刻印象

（im進+press→壓進去→蓋印→印

入頭腦→使留下深刻印象）expressv表達；特快（ex把+press→[思想]擠出來→表達）depressv

壓下；使沮喪（de向下+press→向下壓→使情緒低下）pressure

n壓力

（press+-ure行為的結(jié)果→壓的結(jié)果→壓力）本單元金句匯總1.AsTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.2012陜西書面表達2.Ireflecton/uponhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek.2019全國改3.Igotintoaheatedargumentwithafriend.2013重慶改4.Assuming(that)you’rechosentobetheleader,whatwillyoudo?5.Goodjobcandidatesmustshowaflexibleapproachtoproblems.6.Theteacherimpressed

theimportanceofEnglishon/uponme.7.Hemadeadeepimpressiononme./Heleftmewithadeepimpression.2015江蘇改8.LiKangisveryimpressedwiththeteachersandthetechnologyinhisnewschool.隨堂檢測46一、根據(jù)句意寫出approach的最佳釋義。___________

1.Amomentlater,themancameoutofthewashroomandapproachedourtable.(2013陜西)___________2.Itmightbepossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.

___________3.Heapproachedmetocreateanddesigntherestaurant.___________4.Thetemperaturesareapproaching37oC.靠近

處理與……接洽

接近approach47二、根據(jù)所給漢語用approach完成句子。1.I’dliketotalkabout___________________________(處理困難的方法)inlearning.2.Thereweredifferencesin_________________________________________(他們教育孩子的方法).3.Iexpect___________________________(秋天的來臨).4.Thereisa__________________________(去市里的新路).myapproachtodifficultiestheirapproachtoeducatingtheapproachofautumnnewapproachtothecitytheirchildren一、寫出下列句子中reflect的漢語釋義。1.Thispassageistotellpeopletoreflectmoreonlife. ________2.Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflect

theskyandthecity.(2014湖北改) ________3.Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.(2009安徽改) ________ 4.Mirrorsreflectlight. ________reflect反思映出反映反射二、在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Helookedathisface_________(reflect)inthemirror.2.Wearsomethingwhite—it_________(reflect)theheat.3.Hehadtimetoreflect_________hissuccessesandfailures.4.Allridersareequippedwith_________(reflect)vestsandsafetylights.(2018全國)5.InGreekmythology(神話),Narcissusfellinlovewithhisown_________(reflect)inapoolofwater.reflectedreflectson/uponreflection納西索斯Narcissus是希臘神話中最俊美的男子人物。有一天納西索斯在水中發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的影子，然而卻不知那就是他本人，愛慕不己、難以自拔，終于有一天他赴水求歡溺水死亡。眾神出于同情，讓他死后化為水仙花。reflective一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.ItisnousearguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.

______________2.Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatitiscrueltoeatanimals,butothersarguethattheycaneatmeatandstillbekindtoanimals.（2012廣東）

______________argue爭論/爭吵論證/爭辯二、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Theyhaveargued__________eachotherforyears__________thebestwaytogrowpotatoes.2.Igotintoaheated___________(argue)withafriend.3.Whenyoupresentreasonswhyyoubelieveinsomething,youargue________it.4.Themainargument___________smokingisthatit’sbadforyourhealth.with

about/overforargumentagainst

將下列句子譯成英語。1.普遍認為，壓力為工作過重所致。_____________________________________________2.在失業(yè)率和犯罪率高的地方，我們可以假定高犯罪率是由高失業(yè)率造成的。Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,____________________thelatterisduetotheformer.assumeItisgenerallyassumed(that)stressiscausedbytoomuchwork.itcanbeassumedthat一、根據(jù)句意，選出下列句子中flexible的釋義。a.可變通的；靈活的b.易彎曲的；柔韌的1.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwet,sothey’reexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.（2012湖南）

______2.Schedulestendtobeflexible,withbusinessmeetingssometimesstartinglaterthanplanned.（2014浙江）

______二、翻譯下列句子。1.彈性的工作時間是女性擇業(yè)考慮的重要因素。___________________areamajorcareerconsiderationforwomen.2.他在這個問題上寸步不讓。He’scompletely_______onthesubject.flexiblebaFlexibleworkinghoursinflexiblepromote一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.(2019北京)

______________2.Whilewaitingforthechancetogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttodohisduty.(2014安徽改)______________3.IntheMiddleAges,merchantsemployed“towncriers”(街頭公告員)toreadpublicmessagesaloudtopromotetheirgoods.(2011全國)______________二、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Sheworkedhardandwassoon___________(promote).2.Thenewjobis___________promotionforhim.3.Herpromotion___________SalesManagertookeveryonebysurprise.促進晉升推銷promotedatoworkout寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Let’sworkouthowmuchbeerweneed.________2.Thetravellingexpensesworkoutat

12dollarsperdayeach. ________3.Canyouworkoutwhatthesewordsmean?________4.Thingsjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.________5.Workoutatagymorswimtwiceaweek.________總共達進展順利弄清楚鍛煉算出一、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。1.Ifthestressinyourlifeistoomuch,youarelikely____________(get)ill.(2016上海改)2.Theharderyoutrytobeathim,the______________(likely)youwillgethit.(2014遼寧)3.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthis_______________(likely)tobetheonlyplanetwherelifehasdevelopedgradually.(2010福建改)

togetmorelikelyunlikelylikely&unlikely斯蒂芬·霍金（StephenHawking，1942.1-2018.3.14），英國劍橋大學(xué)著名物理學(xué)家，現(xiàn)代最偉大的物理學(xué)家之一，主要研究領(lǐng)域是宇宙論和黑洞(blackhole)?；艚?1歲時患上肌肉萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥，全身癱瘓，不能言語，手部只有三根手指可以活動。其著作《時間簡史》(ABriefHistoryofTime)已成為全球科學(xué)著作的里程碑。二、根據(jù)所給漢語完成下列句子。1.Thispassage_______________________________________(不大可能出自)apopularsalesbook.2.Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;he____________________(很有可能成為)aBeethoven.(2015四川改)3.Studentswhotakeawell-plannedyearout____________________________(更有可能對……滿意),andcomplete,theirchosencourse.(2015全國改)4.Althoughthepolicethoughthewas______________________(最有可能的一個),sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarrest(逮捕)him.(2009湖南改)unlikelycomesfrom/isunlikelyfromisverylikelytobearemorelikelytobesatisfiedwiththemostlikelyo