非謂語動(dòng)詞課件

非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing無語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)歸納:1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)；2.非謂語動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)式；3.不定式符號(hào)的省略及疑問結(jié)構(gòu)；4.動(dòng)詞不定式的各種形式及應(yīng)用；5.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的各種形式及應(yīng)用；

6.-ed結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的不同用法；7.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、定語、表語等的辨析；8.非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)或習(xí)慣用法等。

作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時(shí)差異很大，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,mean,try等。remember/forget/regret+doing表已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作remember/forget/regret+todo表動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生allow/permit/advisesb.todoallow/permit/advisedoingfeellikedoing/wouldliketodo想做……/要做……setaboutdoing/setouttodo開始做……preferdoingtodoingwouldratherdothandoprefertodoratherthando寧愿……而不愿usedtodo過去經(jīng)常做……beusedtodo被用來做……be/getusedtodoing養(yǎng)成做……習(xí)慣can’thelp(to)do不能幫助做……can’thelpdoing止不住地做……can’thelpbutdo不得不在theonly,序數(shù)詞thefirst,thesecond…thelast或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞后用不定式作定語.Lindawastheonlyonetostayforthewholeperformance.Theyoungestpersontoentertheprogrammewasjustfourteen.不定式的完成式表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wishIintendedtohavecometoseeyou.Ihadintendedtocometoseeyou.wouldliketohavedone…在動(dòng)詞want,require,need等后動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)〔=tobedone)，用物作主語.Thewallneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).Iwanttogotothebarber’sbecausemyhairwantscutting(=tobecut).在worth后用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式，在worthy后用動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)形式。例：Thefilmisworthseeing.=Thefilmisworthyofbeingseen.=Thefilmisworthytobeseen.but/except+todo/do結(jié)構(gòu)，要根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞來確定其后面的形式。當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是do,does,did時(shí)，but后用動(dòng)詞原形；謂語動(dòng)詞是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí)，but后用“to+動(dòng)詞原形〞的形式。havenochoice/alternativebuttodocandonothingbutdo帶動(dòng)名詞的句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.Itisnouse(useless,nogood,nofun,awasteoftime)doingsth.2.Thereisnodenyingthat…無可否認(rèn)Thereisnodenyingthatyouhavemadegreatachievementsinyourarea.to后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，to是不定式符號(hào)，應(yīng)該接原形動(dòng)詞，to是介詞應(yīng)要接動(dòng)名詞。這一點(diǎn)一定要判斷清楚。在“getdownto開始做…；lookforwardto盼望…；stickto堅(jiān)持做…；leadto導(dǎo)致…；devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于…;bedevotedto獻(xiàn)身于…；payattentionto注意…；objectto反對(duì)做…〞中，to都是介詞，其后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),可在句中做主語或賓語。邏輯主語是有生命的名詞,作主語時(shí),必須用名詞或代詞的所有格;其他情況都可用普通格.Mybrother’scominglatemadetheteacherangry.TheyinsistonTom’sstayinglonger.

(Tomstaying)Pleaseexcusemysayingso.

(mesaying)分詞的兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)：not+分詞例如：Nothavingknownhisaddress,Ididn’twritetohim.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)〔獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)〕有兩種形式：〔1〕名詞〔代詞主格〕+分詞〔只作狀語〕〔2〕with+名詞〔代詞賓格〕+分詞〔作狀語或定語〕例：1)Theday’sworkdone,theywenthome.他們做完一天的工作就回家了。2)Hesattherewithhisfeetpointingtoothers.

他坐在那兒把腳指向別人。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首不能誤當(dāng)成并列句，分詞作狀語放在句末不能誤當(dāng)成并列謂語。Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.Thestudentsworkedinthefields,_____.(laughedandtalked,/laughingandtalking).為了使概念更明確，在分詞前可以用when,while,if,once,unless,asif,than,as這些連詞。例:Iwillgoifinvited(=ifIaminvited).“使……怎么樣〞之類的動(dòng)詞〔amuse,astonish,excite,frighten,interest,move,relax,satisfy,shock,surprise,encourage,disappoint,puzzle,tire,please,inspire,terrify,worry〕，它們的ing形式表示主動(dòng)，而過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。一般情況下“人〞用過去分詞，“物〞用ing形式。常用幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)及意義

want+doing〔表示被動(dòng)〕/wantsth.tobedone〔表示被動(dòng)〕wantsb.todo〔表示主動(dòng)〕makesth.done〔表示被動(dòng)〕/makesb.do〔表示主動(dòng)〕havesth.+todo有…可做+sb.+do叫某人做…+sth.+done叫別人做…+sb.+doing讓…一直做…getsb.todo叫…做…getsth.done使…發(fā)生;完成…getsth.doing

使…發(fā)動(dòng);開始…getthecarmovingcatch+賓語+doing看見某人在做…seat/dress這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞后如有賓語用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之用過去分詞。include/consider這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果放在名詞之前用現(xiàn)在分詞，名詞之后用過去分詞。missing/remaining作“喪失的〞和“剩下的〞講，只有現(xiàn)在分詞形式；left作“剩下的〞講只能放名詞后或代詞后。例如：Wewentthere,includingourboss./Wewentthere,ourbossincluded.一些只用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的固定結(jié)構(gòu)：generally/seriouslyspeaking,judgingfrom(by)…但totellthetruth,tobesure,tobeexact要用不定式。spokenEnglish是“英語口語〞，而English-speaking是“講英語的……〞后面一般接名詞，它是個(gè)形容詞。open作形容詞用是“開著的〞，而“關(guān)著的〞是closed。形容詞close是指“距離〞，不是“關(guān)著的〞意思。Heusedtosleepwithallthewindowsopen.比較：Heusedtosleepwithallthewindowsclosed.幾組易錯(cuò)的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞lievi.laylainlying躺liev.liedliedlying撒謊

lay

vi.laidlaidlaying放；下蛋found

vt.foundedfounded成立find

vt.foundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)windwoundwound盤旋;蜿蜒woundwoundedwounded受傷riseviroserisen上升raisevt.raisedraised上升

fall

vi.fellfallen落下feel

vt.feltfelt摸；感覺hang

vi.hunghung懸掛hang

vt.hangedhanged絞死lightvt.lit〔一般作謂語〕lightlighted〔作定語〕燃著的burnvt./vi.burnt燒焦的burning正在燃燒的1.Hearingthenews,tearscameintohereyes.

Whensheheardthenews,tearscame……..Hearingthenews,sheburstintotears.2.

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthecouldn’tunderstandit.Hehadbeentoldtwice,buthecouldn’t.……Havingbeentoldtwice,hecouldn’t…......

Thoughhehadbeentoldtwice,hecouldn’t..xx1.MorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,____advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.(EMT05)A.havingbeentakenB.takenC.havingtakenD.taking2.Generallyspeaking,____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(EMT03)A.whentakingB.whentotakeC.whentobetakenD.whentakenKeysDDKeysCB3.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,______.(EMT04)A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.anemergencymeasurewastakenC.thetallbuildingcollapsedD.warningsweregiventotourists4.Theflowers_____sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstobethebeautyofnature.(EMT04)A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt5.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.(EMT02)A.lackedB.lackingofC.LackingD.lackedin6.Thebell____theendtheperiodrang,_____ourheateddiscussion.(EMT01)A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interruptedKeysCAKeysAD7.Thedisc,digitally___inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(EMT04)A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded8.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases___onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(EMT02)A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known1.Shedidn’tgeteverythingreadyandwasverysorryto___________________.2._____________________,Joansucceededindoingherexperiment.3.Hebecame______________ofhisjobanddecidedtogiveitupandfindanewone.4._____________________,Ireallydidn’tknowwhattodonext.havekeptmewaitingHelpedbyherteacherverytiredofConfusedbyhiswordsvery,tireofconfuse,hiswordsvery,inspirekeep,sb.waitface,eachotherhelp,teachermakeoneself,understandhave,sth.,repair5.TheTVsetisoutoforderandheisgoingto________________rightnow.6.Theysat_________________,butdidn’tsayanything.7.Weallfoundhisspeech____________.8.Theforeignerspokeveryslowlyandclearlyto______