Unit3ConservationLesson1TheSixthExtinction(2)語法課件-高中英語北師大版(2019)選擇性

Unit

3

ConservationLesson

1TheSixthExtinction（2）高二年級英語學科1Activate2

Discover3PracticeCONTENTS目錄Activate01Whatisthefunctionoftheunderlinedclauseinthissentence?Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientistswhohavestudiedtheissue

believethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.作定語起修飾作用定語從句RelativeClauses定語從句Arelativeclauseisaclausethatusuallymodifiesanounornounphraseandisintroducedbyarelativepronoun(which,that,who,whom,whose),arelativeadverb(where,when,why),orazerorelative.定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導的從句，其作用主要是作定語修飾主句中的某個名詞或代詞，相當于形容詞。Discover02Exercise1:Readthesentencesanddiscussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthem.1.Extinctions,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.2.Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”,whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.3.A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS,lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses.4.Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.5.Weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.1.Extinctions,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.2.Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”,whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.3.A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS,lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses…4.Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.5.Weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.Exercise1:Readthesentencesanddiscussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthem.1.Extinctions,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.2.Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”,whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.3.A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS,lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses…4.Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.5.Weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.DefiningRelativeClauseNon-definingRelativeClauseExercise1:Readthesentencesanddiscussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthem.Underlinetherelativeclausesinthesentencesanddecideiftheyaredefining(D)ornon-defining(ND).TranslatethemintoChinese.Discussthedifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwotypesofrelativeclauses.()1.Hewenttoacitywhereironwasproducedinhugequantities.()2.ThebuswhichwasfulloftouristsstoppedneartheLeaningTowerofPisa.()3.Melissalentmesomemoney,whichwasverygenerousofher.()4.Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,whichmakesdrivingverydangerous.()5.Imetthefamousprofessorinthehotel,wherethemeetingwasheld.Exercise2()1.Hewenttoacitywhereironwasproducedinhugequantities.他去了一個盛產(chǎn)鐵的城市。()2.ThebuswhichwasfulloftouristsstoppedneartheLeaningTowerofPisa.

滿載游客的公共汽車停在了比薩斜塔附近。()3.Melissalentmesomemoney,whichwasverygenerousofher.梅利莎借給我一些錢，她真是慷慨大方。()4.Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,whichmakesdrivingverydangerous.地上滿是冰雪，開車很危險。()5.Imetthefamousprofessorinthehotel,wherethemeetingwasheld.

我在酒店里遇到了這位著名的教授，就是正在開會的那家酒店。DDNDNDNDExercise2RelativeClauses–Defining&Non-definingRelativeClausesThereare2kindsofrelativeclauses:DefiningRelativeClausesandNon-definingRelativeClauses.DefiningRelativeClausesidentifynounsorpronouns.Theymakeclearwhichpersonorthing,etc.isbeingreferredto.定語從句有兩種：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句；限制性定語從句修飾名詞或代詞，表明所修飾的是哪個人或物。Thegirlwho

isplayingtennisismyfriend.ThisistheplacewhereIhidthekey.RelativeClauses–Defining&Non-definingRelativeClausesRelativeClauses–Definingvs.Non-definingRelativeClausesRelativeClauses–Definingvs.Non-definingRelativeClauses2.先行詞不同

2.1限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是名詞和代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞則還可以是整個句子或句子的一部分。此時，從句通常由關(guān)系代詞which引導，且從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。Itissnowingheavily,whichmakeschildrenfeelexcited.（which指整個主句）Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.（which指drivetoofast）RelativeClauses–Definingvs.Non-definingRelativeClauses2.先行詞不同

2.2當先行詞為專有名詞或其他具有獨一無二性的普通名詞時，通常要用非限制性定語從句，而不用限制性定語從句。Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannextweek.（先行詞為專有名詞）Herfather,whohasalotofmoney,wisheshertostudyabroad.（先行詞為表獨一無二意義的普通名詞）RelativeClauses–Definingvs.Non-definingRelativeClauses3.關(guān)系詞不同

3.1關(guān)系詞that和why通常不用于引導非限制性定語從句3.2關(guān)系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用who代替，但在非限制性定語從句中不可代替。

Thisisthegirlwho/whomImetinthestreet.Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.

RelativeClauses–Definingvs.Non-definingRelativeClauses3.關(guān)系詞不同

3.3當關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省略，但在非限制性定語從句中所有的關(guān)系詞均不可省略。Thisisthebook(which/that)helostyesterday.Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.

4.翻譯方式不同在翻譯定語從句時，一般把限制性定語從句翻譯為定語，放在它所修飾的先行詞之前，而把非限制性定語從句翻譯為與主句并列的句子。Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.

他就是汽車被盜的那個人。I’vInvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.

我邀請了吉姆，他就住在隔壁公寓。

RelativeClauses–Definingvs.Non-definingRelativeClausesPractice03Exercise3:Completethesentenceswithrelativepronounsorrelativeadverbs.whichwhichwhichwho(which/that)where7.HeisgoodatEnglish,_____weallknow.8.Doyouknowtheyear_____theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?9.Theplace_________interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.10.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_______theyrememberedintheschool.11.IadmireStephenHawkinggreatly,______theoryaboutblackholeshasagreateffectonastronomy.12.Iearnonly1,000dollarsamonth,halfof______isspentontherentforapartment.Exercise3:Completethesentenceswithrelativepronounsorrelativeadverbs.whomwhenwhich/thatthatwhosewhich他們將乘飛機去昆明，在那里他們將待兩三天。

TheywillflytoKunming,wheretheywillstayfortwoorthreedays.2.老人有兩個女兒，其中一個是醫(yī)生。

Theoldmanhastwodaughters,oneofwhomisadoctor.3.湯姆努力學習并樂于助人，這正是他父母所期盼的。

Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichiswhathisparentsexpect.Exercise4:TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish,tryingtouserelativeclauses.4.鐘是一種能告訴人們時間的儀器。Clockisakindofinstrumentwhich/thatcantel