數(shù)學(xué)常用詞匯中英文對(duì)照

數(shù)學(xué)常用詞匯中英文對(duì)照第4頁共6頁數(shù)學(xué)常用詞匯中英文對(duì)照代數(shù)部分1、有關(guān)基本運(yùn)算：add，plus加subtract減difference差multiply,times乘product積divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)divisor因子，除數(shù)quotient商remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號(hào)roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有關(guān)集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代數(shù)項(xiàng)liketerms,similarterms同類項(xiàng)numericalcoefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literalcoefficient字母系數(shù)inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等價(jià)方程linearequation線性方程4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)properfraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improperfraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixednumber帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simplefraction簡(jiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)complexfraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction純小數(shù)infinitedecimal無窮小數(shù)recurringdecimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位5.基本數(shù)學(xué)概念arithmeticmean算術(shù)平均值weightedaverage加權(quán)平均值geometricmean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量inversefunction反函數(shù)complementaryfunction余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue絕對(duì)值，roundoff四舍五入6.有關(guān)數(shù)論naturalnumber自然數(shù)positivenumber正數(shù)negativenumber負(fù)數(shù)oddinteger,oddnumber奇數(shù)eveninteger,evennumber偶數(shù)integer,wholenumber整數(shù)positivewholenumber正整數(shù)negativewholenumber負(fù)整數(shù)consecutivenumber連續(xù)整數(shù)realnumber,rationalnumber實(shí)數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無理數(shù)inverse倒數(shù)compositenumber合數(shù)primenumber質(zhì)數(shù)reciprocal倒數(shù)commondivisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的tens十位units個(gè)位mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)commonratio公比7.數(shù)列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometricprogression(sequence)等比數(shù)列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時(shí)針方向cardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計(jì)，近似parentheses括號(hào)proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函數(shù)unit單位,位幾何部分1.所有的角alternateangle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle對(duì)頂角centralangle圓心角interiorangle內(nèi)角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles補(bǔ)角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle鄰角acuteangle銳角obtuseangle鈍角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夾角2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等邊三角形scalenetriangle不等邊三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle內(nèi)接三角形3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentriccircles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長(zhǎng)方形regularpolygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面圖形arc弧line,straightline直線減函數(shù)decreasingfunction單調(diào)區(qū)間monotoneinterval反函數(shù)inversefunction指數(shù)exponentn次方根nthroot根式radical根指數(shù)radicalexponent被開方數(shù)radicand指數(shù)函數(shù)exponentialfunction對(duì)數(shù)logarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)commonlogarithm自然對(duì)數(shù)naturallogarithm對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)logarithmicfunction數(shù)列數(shù)列sequenceofnumber項(xiàng)term通項(xiàng)公式theformulaofgeneralterm有窮數(shù)列finitesequenceofnumber無窮數(shù)列infinitesequenceofnumber遞推公式recurrenceformula等差數(shù)列arithmeticprogression，arithmeticseries公差commondifference等差中項(xiàng)arithmeticmean等比數(shù)列g(shù)eometricprogression，geometricseries公比commonratio等比中項(xiàng)geometricmean三角函數(shù)三角函數(shù)trigonometricfunction始邊initialside終邊terminalside正角positiveangle負(fù)角negativeangle零角zeroangle象限角quadrantangle弧度radian弧度制radianmeasure角度制degreemeasure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant誘導(dǎo)公式inductionformula正弦曲線sinecurve余弦曲線cosinecurve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimalpositiveperiod周期函數(shù)periodicfunction振幅amplitudeofvibration頻率frequency相位phase初相initialphase反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent平面向量有向線段directedlinesegment數(shù)量scalarquantity向量vector零向量zerovector相等向量equalvector共線向量collinearvectors平行向量parallelvectors向量的數(shù)乘multiplicationofvectorbyscalar單位向量unitvector基底base基向量basevectors平移translation數(shù)量積innerproduct正弦定理sinetheorem余弦定理cosinetheorem不等式算術(shù)平均數(shù)arithmeticmean幾何平均數(shù)geometricmean比較法methodofcompare綜合法methodofsynthesis分析法methodofanalysis直線傾斜角angleofinclination斜率gradient點(diǎn)斜式pointslopeform截距intercept斜截式gradientinterceptform兩點(diǎn)式two-pointform一般式generalform夾角includedangle線性規(guī)劃linearprogramming約束條件constraintcondition目標(biāo)函數(shù)objectivefunction可行域feasibleregion最優(yōu)解optimalsolution圓錐曲線曲線curve坐標(biāo)法methodofcoordinate解析幾何analyticgeometry笛卡兒Descartes標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程standardequation