課件篇范文作文

"Thereputationofanyonewhoissubjectedtomediascrutinywilleventuallybe[SampleTheintensityoftoday'smediacoveragehasbeengreatlymagnifiedbythesheernumberandtypesofmediaoutletsthatareavailabletoday.Intensecompetitionforthemostrevealingphotographsandthelatestinformationonasubjecthasturnedevenminormediaeventsintoso-called"mediafrenzies".Reportersareforcedbythenatureofthecompetitiontopryeverdeeperforanangleonastorythatnooneelsehasbeenabletouncover.Withthistypeofmediacoverage,itdoesbecomemoreandmorelikelythatanyonewhoissubjectedtoitwillhavehisorherreputationtarnished,asnoindividualisperfect.Everyonemakesmistakes.Theadvancesintechnologyhavemademuchinformationeasilyandinstantaneouslyavailable.Technologyhasalsomadeiteasiertodigfurtherthaneverbeforeintoaperson'spast,increasingthepossibilitythatthesubject'sreputationmaybeTheabovestatementismuchtoobroad,however."Anyone"coversallpeopleallovertheworld.Therearepeoplewhosereputationshaveonlybeenenhancedbymediascrutiny.Therearealsopeoplewhosereputationswerealreadysopoorthatmediascrutinycouldnotpossiblydiminishitanyfurther.Theremayverywellbepeoplethathavedonenothingwronginthepast,atleastthatcanbediscoveredbythemedia,whosereputationscouldnotbediminishedbymediascrutiny.Tobroadlystatethat"anyone"subjectedtomediacoveragewillhavehisorherstatussulliedimpliesthateveryone'sreputationworldwideissusceptibletodamageunderanytypeofmediascrutiny.Whataboutchildren,particularlynewbornchildren?WhataboutthosepeoplewhosepastisentirelyAnotherproblemwithsuchabroadstatementisthatitdoesnotdefinetheparticularlevelofmediascrutiny.Certainlytherearedifferentlevelsofmediacoverage.Doesmerelythementionofone'snameinanewspaperconstitutemediascrutiny?Whataboutthecoverageofasingleeventinsomeone'slife,forexampleaweddingorthebirthofababy?Isthemediacoverageoftheheroicdeathofafirefighterorpoliceofficerinthelineofdutyevergoingtodiminishthatperson'sreputation?Itseemshighlyunlikelythatintheseexamples,althoughthesepeoplemayhavebeensubjectedtomediascrutiny,theseindividual'sreputationsareundamagedandpotentiallyenhancedbysuchWithoutadoubt,therearemanyexamplesofindividual'swhosereputationshavebeendiminishedbymediascrutiny.Themedia'suncoveringofformerU.S.PresidentBillClinton'saffairwithMonicaLewinskywillmostlikelyovershadowtheentireeightyearsofhisadministration.BasketballsuperstarMichaelJordan'ssterlingreputationhasbeentarnishedmorethanoncebythemedia;firstbymediacoverageofhisgamblinghabits,thenmostrecently(andinamuchmoreharmfulmanner)bynewsreportsofhismaritalinfidelitiesandthedivorcefromhiswifeofthirteenyears.Fameandfortunecanturnanordinaryindividualintoamediatargetwherereporterswillstopatalmostnothingto"digupdirt"thatwillsellmorenewspapersorenticemoreviewerstowatchatelevisionprogram.ItcouldevenbearguedthatmediascrutinykilledPrincessDianaashercarspedawayfromtheprivacy-invadingcamerasofreportersinParis.ThereisnodoubtthattherearealargenumberofpeoplewhohavebeenhurtinonewayoranotherbyparticularlyintensemediaInsummary,itseemsimpossiblethatforeverypersonthatissubjectedtomediascrutiny,hisorherreputationwilleventuallydiminished.Millionsofpeoplearementionedinthemediaeverydayyetstillmanagetogoabouttheirlivesunhurtbythemedia.Normalindividualsthataresubjectedtomediascrutinycanhavetheirreputationeitherenhancedordamageddependingonthecircumstancessurroundingthemediacoverage.diminished.Millionsofpeoplearementionedinthemediaeverydayyetstillmanagetogoabouttheirlivesunhurtbythemedia.Normalindividualsthataresubjectedtomediascrutinycanhavetheirreputationeitherenhancedordamageddependingonthecircumstancessurroundingthemediacoverage.Thelikelihoodofadiminishedreputationfromthemediarisesproportionallywiththelevelofnotorietythatanindividualpossessesandtheoutrageousnessofthatperson'sbehavior.Thelengthoftimeinthespotlightcanalsobeadeterminingfactor,asthelongerthepersonisexaminedinthemedia,thegreaterthepossibilitythatdamaginginformationwillbediscoveredorthattheindividualwilldosomethingtodisparagehisorherreputation.Buttobroadlystatethatmediascrutinywilldiminishanyone'sreputationistooverstatethedistinctpossibilitythat,givenalongenoughtimeandacertainlevelofintensityofcoverage,themediamaydamageaperson's[題目[嘉文博譯范文對于這樣一項籠統(tǒng)的陳述而言，它的另一個問題是沒能明晰界定媒體聚焦的具體程度。媒體的報道毫無疑問存在程度上的差別。只在報紙上提及一個人的名字，是否算作媒體聚焦？對某人一生中單獨一次事件（如婚禮或孩子出生）的報道這也算媒介聚焦嗎？媒體對消防隊員或警官因公而死的英雄壯舉進行報道，難道也會毀損該人的名聲嗎？在這些實例中，其名聲受損的事情極不可能發(fā)生。雖然BlitonMcaisky的風流韻事的揭露極有可能會將其八年的執(zhí)政生涯置MilJon一世英名也被媒體不止一次地玷污，首先是被有關(guān)其賭習的媒體報道，其次是最近----3猛料aGREISSUEGREISSUE"Peopleworkmoreproductivelyinteamsthanindividually.Teamworkrequirescooperation,whichmotivatespeoplemuchmoreindividualcompetition[SampleTeamworkasawholecannaturallyproduceanoverallgreaterproductivitythroughtheconceptof"synergy",wherethetotalofthewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsindividualparts.Buttheideathatpeopleworkmoreproductivelyinteamsratherthanasindividualsisgoingtovarygreatlybetweenthetypesofteamsthatareorganized,theendrewardormotivationforboththeteamandtheindividuals,aswellastheindividualsRegardingindividuals,somepeoplearebornwiththedesiretosucceed,nomatterwhatthesituationortaskthattheyarefacing.Thesepeoplemayevolveintotheclassic"TypeA"personalitiesthatworkferociouslybecausetheyaredrivenbyaninternalfirethatsaystheymustalwaysbedoingsomething,whetherindividuallyoraspartofateam.Otherpeoplemaydesiretobelesssociallyinvolvedorareveryhighlycompetitivewithotherpeople.Forthesepeople,theirworkismostproductiveasindividuals,becausetheveryideaofcooperatingwithotherpeoplelimitstheireffectivenessandefficiencybecausetheysimplydonotwanttobeapartoftheteam.Whetherthismindsetisinnateordevelopedovertimedoesnotmatter,itismerelythestateoftheirbeingandneithermotivationnorrewardscangenerateinsidethemthedesiretoworkcollectivelyasaSomepeoplearehighlymotivatedbysocialinteractionandthedesiretoworkwithotherstowardsacollectiveeffort.Obviouslytheseindividualsareattheirmostproductivewhenworkingaspartofateam.OrganizationalbehavioralstudieshaveshownthatAsianculturesaremuchmorelikelytodevelopthistypeofcollectivebehaviorasopposedtothemoreindividualisticbehaviorassociatedwithWesterncultures.ItcouldnaturallybeassumedthenthattheremaybeculturalvaluesthatcandeterminewhetherpeopleareattheirmostproductiveindividuallyoraspartofaAnothervariableistheendrewardthatisinvolvedwiththetaskathand.Willtherewardsbegreateriftheteamworkstogethertowardsacommongoal,oraretherewardsmoregearedtowardindividualperformance?Totheextentthattheindividualismotivatedbytheendreward,obviouslyhisorherperformanceinsideofateammaybemoreorlessproductivewithrespecttotheentireteam,dependingonhowtheperformanceisrewarded.Individualgoalsmayinterferewiththegroupperformance.Synergiesmaynotbeachievedbecausetheindividualsarenotworkingtowardsawhole"sum"butrathertowardsanindividualreward.ProductivitythuswillvaryforeachpersonasateammemberorasanindividualdependingonthedegreetowhichthatpersonismotivatedbyanindividualoroverallteamFinally,thedegreeofproductivityofapersonwilldependuponthetypeofteamthatisorganized.Isthegroupcomposedofequallycontributingindividuals?Doesthegrouphaveanoutstandingleaderthatcanmotivateboththeindividualsandtheteamasawhole?Fromapureproductivitystandpoint,thepresenceorabsenceofacharismaticandexceptionalleadercanmakeallthedifferencewhetherapersonwouldbemoreproductiveasapartofateamorasanindividual.Personalitytypesthatworkwelltogetherprovetobemuchmoreprovetobemuchmoreproductiveaspartofateamthanasindividuals,andviceFundamentally,measuresofproductivitydependgreatlyontheindividualsthemselves.Thedilemmafacingleadersinallareasoflifeishowtobestassesstheseindividualstodeterminehowtobestharnesstheircapabilitiestoreachtheirultimateproductivecapabilities.Whetherapersonismoreproductivealoneorwhileworkinginconcertwithothersisoneofthegreatchallengesthatleadersandmanagersmustfacetoaccomplishtaskseffectivelyand[題目"[嘉文博譯范文關(guān)于個人，有些人天生就具有獲取成功的欲望，無論他們所面臨的情形或任務(wù)是什么。這些人會演變?yōu)楣ぷ骺襁@一經(jīng)典的A類有所事事GREISSUEGREISSUE"Collegesanduniversitiesshouldoffermorecoursesonpopularmusic,film,advertisingandtelevisionbecausecontemporaryhasmuchgreaterrelevanceforstudentsthandoartsandliteratureoftheSampleTotheextentthatcontemporarycultureis,bydefinition,current,itdoeshaveamuchmoreimmediateimpactonstudentsandpeopleingeneralthandotheartsandliteratureofthepast.Contemporaneouseventsdirectlyaffecteveryonealiveatthetimebecausetheyareoccurringatpreciselythesametimeastheindividual'sexistence.Buttoparaphraseafamousphilosopher:"Thosewhodonotlearnfromhistoryaredoomedtorepeatit."Toagreatextent,pastartsandliteratureshapewhoweareaspeopleatleastasmuchas,ifnotmorethan,contemporarycultureEveryonealivetodayisaffectedinonewayoranotherbytheeventsofthepast.Pasteventshavedirectlyledtothewaythattheworldisshapedtoday.Theartsandliteratureareoneofthemostwell-preservedanddocumentedresourcesthatcangiveusadirectlinkintowhatactuallyhappenedinthepast.ConsiderthereligiouswritingsoftheBible,theKoranandthoseofConfucius,aswellasthoserelatedtoBuddhism,Hinduismandallotherreligions.Thesewritingsdirectlyrelateto,andinsomecasestoagreatextentcontrol,thebehaviorofhumanbeingstodayeventhoughmostwerewrittenhundredsifnotthousandsofyearsago.Artworksrelatingtothesereligionsalsohaveaprofoundeffect.ConsiderMichelangelo'sworkintheSistineChapelattheVatican,orthevastmyriadofhistoricBuddhiststatuesthroughoutAsia,ortheancientMuslimmosquesthroughouttheMiddleEastandCentralAsia.Itwouldbedifficulttoarguethatcontemporaryculturehasmorerelevancetotoday'sstudentswhencomparedwiththerelevanceoftheseexamplesofpastartsandAttimesitisdifficulttodeterminewhatexactlyisthedifferencebetweencontemporarycultureandtheartsandliteratureofthepast.Shakespeare'sclassicwritingsarecontinuouslybeingadaptedintocurrentmoviesthatareoftenbighitswithstudentsandthegeneralpopulationasawhole.Millionsofpeopleeveryyearviewclassicworksofartinmuseumsallovertheworld.Readingsofreligioustextshavenevergoneoutofstylewithalargepartoftheworld'spopulation.Clashesbetweencenturies-oldculturesandreligions,suchasthatofWesterncountriesandIslamicextremistsandthatofHindusandMuslimsinIndia,demonstratethatthereligiousartifactsthatcouldbecalledartsandliteratureofthepastareverymuchapartofcontemporaryWhilethepastcancertainlynotbeignored,alargepartofwhatstudentsmustlearnatuniversityisbasedoncontemporaryculture.Mostreligiouslearning,atleastofone'sownreligion,occurseitherathomeorearlyoninastudent'seducation.Attheuniversitylevel,studiesofpolitics,businessandthecomputersciencesmustdealingreatdetailwiththelatestadvancesincontemporarycultureinordertoremainuptodateandrelevant.Othersubjects,suchasmathematics,agriculture,andtheartsandliteraturethemselveslooklargelytothepastforthecoreknowledgethatistaughtinthesecourses.TheapplicationoftheselessonsfromthepastareentirelytherapidlychangingworldthattherapidlychangingworldthattheyarelivingItwouldseemself-evidentthataproperlyeducateduniversitystudentmustfindabalancebetweenstudyingcontemporaryculturewithoutneglectingthestudyofartsandliteratureofthepast.Thestudyofoneisnotmutuallyexclusiveofthestudyoftheother.Thebenefitsofawell-roundededucationcomefromnotonlyknowingthestateoftheworldasitexiststodaybutalsoinknowinghowtheworldarrivedatthisstageofdevelopmentinthefirst[題目系。GREISSUE（topicGREISSUE（topic7inthe"ThestudyofhistoryhasvalueonlytotheextentthatitisrelevanttoourdailySampleTostatethatthestudyofhistoryisonlyvaluableifitisrelevanttoourdailylivesistoignorethevaluethathistoryhasbeyondtheto-dayactivitiesofhumanbeings.Itwouldseemtobearathershallowstatementthatimpliesthathumansonlylivejusttosurviveratherthanplanningforthefuturesoftheirchildrenandtheenvironment.Firstofall,tostudyhistoryistolookataroadmapofhumanbehaviorthathasledustowherewearetodayintheworld.Forexample,thelessonslearnedduringallofthepastwarscanmakeformoreeffectivewartimeleadershipbyavoidingmistakesmadebypastcommanders.FromtheancientChineseauthorSunTzu'sbook"TheArtofWar",today'smilitarycommandersandevenbusinessleadersgathervaluableinformationthatallowsthemtooperatemoreefficientlyandeffectively.Thestudyofthistypeofhistoryhasavaluebeyondthedailylivesofpeople.Itcanleadtoamilitaryvictoryorthesuccessofabusinessthatdirectlyaffectswhathappensinthefuture,includingthefuturesofthosethatarepossiblynotevenbornAnotherexampleisthatbystudyinghistory,parentscanhelptoimprovethelivesoftheirchildreninthefuture.Lessonslearnedgenerationsoftheirancestorsbeforethemcouldhelpshowthemthewaytoproperlyraiseachild.WhatworkedforotherscangiveguidancetotheparentsoftodayandtomorrowtomakesurethatchildrenarepreparedfortheirownfuturesbeyondtheirdailyAdditionally,thestudyofmedicaladvancesmadethroughouthistorycanbethefoundationtobuildupontomakethemedicaladvancesoftodayandtomorrowtomakepeoplelivelongerandhealthierlives.Aresearcher'sdailylifemaynotbeenhancedbythestudyofthehistoryoftheAIDSpathogen,butitcouldcertainlybringaboutaprofoundeffectonthelivesofothersinthefutureifwaystocontrolandcurethediseasearefound.Thestudyofpreviousresearchoverhistoryhasledtomanyamazingmedicaldiscoveries.Tostudyhistoryonlytoenrichone'sdailylifewouldhereagainseemtobeincongruouswiththeAfurtherexampleofthevalueofthestudyofhistorybeyonditseffectondailylifeisthetreatmentoftheenvironmentandtheearthasawhole.Lookingbacktothepasttoseethevariouseffectsofvarioushumanbehaviorsontheenvironmentcanshowvaluablelessonsonwhatcanhappenifproperprecautionsarenottaken.ThenuclearaccidentsatThreeMileIslandandChernobylhavebeenstudiedtoensurethattheydonothappenagain.Certainlythestudyoftheeffectsofnuclearmaterialsonhumansandtheenvironmentprovidesvaluebeyondthatoftheday-to-daylifeofpeople.Thestudyofoilspillsandtheireffectsontheenvironmentgivessimilarguidanceonhowtoavoidoratleastminimizethedamageofanoilspillontheenvironment.Thestudyofthedisintegrationoftheozonelayeroverthepolesoftheearthhasgivenbirthtonewlawsandregulationsoncertainchemicalsthathelptopreservethisvaluablepartofouratmosphere.AlloftheseexamplesofstudyinghistoryprovidevaluefarbeyonditsimpactonthedailylivesofTobecertain,therearepeopleouttherethatbelievethatonlywhataffectsthemrighthereandrightnowisimportant.Forthem,thestudyofhistorymightseemtobeawasteoftimeifitdoesnotaffecttheirday-to-daylives.Butforcountlessotherindividualsandgroups,thestudyofhistoryleadstoimprovementsinactivitiesthathaveaneffectreachingfarintothefuture,beyondtheirdailylives.Thefuturesofmankindandtheenvironmentdependonthesetypesofpeoplewhohaveenoughforesighttostudyhistorytomakeforabetterfuturefor(690[題目[題目GREISSUE范文Issue（topic9inthe"Inmanycountriesitisnowpossibletoturnonthetelevisionandviewgovernmentatwork.Watchingtheseproceedingscanpeopleunderstandtheissuesthataffecttheirlives.Themorekindsofgovernmentproceedings-trials,debates,meetings,etc.-thataretelevised,themoresocietywillbenefit."SampleAnythingthatmakesacountry'sgovernmentmoretransparentiscertainlyagoodthing,atleastindemocraticcountries.Thesesocietieshaveagreatdealtogainbybeingabletowatchtheirelectedgovernmentofficialsinaction.ButtobroadlystatethatthemoregovernmentproceedingsSampleAnythingthatmakesacountry'sgovernmentmoretransparentiscertainlyagoodthing,atleastindemocraticcountries.Thesesocietieshaveagreatdealtogainbybeingabletowatchtheirelectedgovernmentofficialsinaction.Buttobroadlystatethatthemoregovernmentproceedingsthataretelevised,themoresocietywillbenefitistoignorethefactthatsometimes,lessismore.Sometypesofproceedingscanevenbeadverselyaffectediftelevised,makingsocietyworseoffratherthangivingitabenefit.Sometypesofgovernmentalproceedingsshouldreceivemoretelevisedcoverage,buttherearesomethatshouldprobablyreceivelesstoensurethattheyareproperlyOneexampleofthepossiblenegativeeffectsoftelevisingallgovernmentalproceedingswasthetrialintheUnitedStatesofaccusedmurdererandformerNationalFootballLeaguesuperstarO.J.Simpson.Thetrialwastelevisedandbecameahugemediaspectacle,captivatingthenation'sattentionduringtheentiretrial.Attorneyswerewellawarethattheproceedingswerebeingtelevisedandalmostbehavedasiftheywereactinginamovie.Thespotlightwassounrelentingthatthecircusatmosphereaffectedeventhejudge.Thepresenceoftelevisioncamerasandtheeffectoftheintensemediacoverageledtoatriallikenoother,andadverselyaffectedthenaturalprogressionofthetrial.Theparticipantsplayedtothecamerasratherthanfocusingonthetaskathand.Largelybecauseoftelevision,manypeoplewouldarguethatjusticewasnotservedduringthisparticularOntheotherhand,televisionoftheday-to-dayworkingsofgovernmentinactionprovidesdirectinsightintohowagovernmentactuallyworks.Becausethetelevisioncamerasarethereeveryday,thegovernmentalofficialsbecomeaccustomedtothemandarenolongergreatlyaffectedbytheirpresence.Inthisway,societybenefitsbecausetheyareabletoseewhatishappeningasithappens.ThegovernmentinactionisnolongerhiddenbehindsuchaveilofsecrecysothatnooneknowsthemysteriouswaysoftheirelectedOneoftheproblemswithstatingthatthemoregovernmentalproceedingsthataretelevised,thebetterofasocietyis,isthatpeoplemightcometobelievethattheyareseeingeverythingwheninfact,atelevisioncameracanonlyseepartofwhatishappeningnomatterhowmanycamerasthereare.Muchofwhathappensingovernmenttakesplace"behindthescenes",notnecessarilyinfullviewofthecamerasinthemeetingplace.Whiletoanextent"seeingisbelieving",quiteoftenitiswhatyoudon'tseethatmakesthedifference.Merelytelevisinggovernmentalproceedingscertainlyenhancesunderstanding,buttofullyunderstandtheprocessapersonwouldactuallyhavetoactivelyparticipateinthatAnotherproblemwiththestatementthatthemoretelevisedgovernmentalproceedings,thebetter,isthatitassumesthatpeopleactuallywatchtheproceedingswhentheyarebroadcast.ThereisatelevisionchannelintheUnitedStatesthatbroadcastsCongressionalproceedingseveryday,butfewpeoplewatchit.Onlywhensomebigissuecomesupforadebateorforavotedoesasignificantnumberofpeopletunein.TomerelytelevisegovernmentalproceedingswillnotaffectsocietyunlesssocietywatchestheseSocietycancertainlybenefitfromthetelevisioncoverageofcertaingovernmentalproceedings.Toactuallyseetheelectedofficialsinactioncanbringanextraelementofunderstandingintotheinnerworkingsofagovernment.Politicianscanbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhiletheyarebeing"watched"bythetelevisioncameras.Nolongercantheyhideinanonymitywhiletheyareconductingthebusinessofthepeople.Butnotallgovernmentalproceedingsshouldbetelevised.Therearetimeswhensecrecyisanabsoluterequirementformakingsurethatthecorrectdecisionsare(694[題目題。電視轉(zhuǎn)播政府程序----的種類越多，則社會將會獲益更多。[題目題。電視轉(zhuǎn)播政府程序----的種類越多，則社會將會獲益更多。O.J.辛普遜的審判。審判GREISSUE范文"Thepurposeofmanyadvertisementsistomakeconsumerswanttobuyaproductsothattheywill'belike'thepersoninthead.practiceiseffectivebecauseitnotonlysellsproductsbutalsohelpspeoplefeelbetteraboutSampleManyadvertisementsdoindeeduseattractivemodelsorcelebritiestoenticeconsumersintobuyingtheproductsthatarebeingpromoted.WhowouldSampleManyadvertisementsdoindeeduseattractivemodelsorcelebritiestoenticeconsumersintobuyingtheproductsthatarebeingpromoted.Whowouldnotliketolooklikethebeautifulmodelsthataredepictedenjoyingtheproduct?WhowouldnotliketobelikeaMichaelJordanorTigerWoods?Toacertainextent,buyingproductstoemulatethepersonsshownintheadvertisementscanmakeapersonfeelbetterabouthimorherself.Butthistypeofadvertisementcanbeadouble-edgedsword-whentheproductdoesnotmaketheperson"belike"thepersonintheadvertisement,therecanbedisappointmentanddisillusionmentwiththeMarketingdepartmentshavelongknownthatusingattractivemodelsandcelebrityendorserscanhelptopersuadeconsumerstobuyaproduct.Somecustomersmayactuallybelievethatbuyingandusingtheproductwillmakethem"belike"thepeoplefeaturedinthead.Forotherconsumers,thereisprobablyatleastsomesubconsciousreactionthatcausesthemtobelievethattheywillinfactassumesomeofthecharacteristicsofthepersondepictedintheadvertisement.Consumerswithalowersenseofself-esteemaremorelikelytobuyaproductbasedonthemotivationthattheywillbecomelikesomeoneProofofthismarketingaxiomcanbefoundbysimplylookingatadvertisementsfromaroundtheworld.Peoplefeaturedinadvertisementsarealmostalwaysgood-looking,healthyandphysicallyfit.Marketersaresavvyenough,andenoughmarketresearchhasproventhat,consumersaremotivatedtobuybyadvertisementsfeaturingattractivemodels.Evenadvertisementsthatareaimedattheolderpeopleofapopulationwillfeatureattractiveolderpeople.Althoughtherehasbeensomecriticismabouttheeffectofshowingonly"beautifulpeople"onthegeneralpopulation,particularlyonyoungwomen,advertisersknowthatbeautysells.ButwhetherthispracticemakespeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselvesdependsontheindividualandiscertainlyopentoSomeindividualswithalowsenseofself-esteem,especiallyyoungerpeople,maypurchaseproductsinanattempttomakethemselvesbelikethepersonfeaturedintheadvertisement.Youngwomeninparticularmaybuycosmeticsorclothingadvertisedbybeautifulmodelsinanattempttolookthesameasthem.Youngmenmaybuyathleticshoesorapparelinanattempttoperformathleticallyinthesamewaythatthepersonfeaturedintheadvertisementplays.Thesepeoplemaythenbecomefurtherdiscouragedwhentheyuseorweartheproductandfindoutthattheyarethesamepersonthattheywerebefore.Buyingtheproducthasn'tchangedThereareothersthatmayderiveacertainsenseofsatisfactionoverthefactthattheywearthesameunderwearassomebeautifulmodelsorthattheydrinkthesamesoftdrinkasBritneySpears.Thesepeopleingeneralalreadyhaveagoodsenseofwhotheyareanddon'texpectaparticularproducttoperformmiraclesforthem.Forthesepeople,thepurchaseoftheproductisnotsomuchasanimageenhancer;itismoreofaformofself-expression.PerhapsdrinkingaPepsi-ColamakesthemfeelyoungerorwearingNikeshoesmakesthemfeelmoreathletic,nomatterhowoldorinactivetheymaybeinreality.Inthismanner,itispossiblethatadvertisingcanmakepeoplefeelbetteraboutMarketingandadvertisingabsolutelymustappealtopeopleinonewayoranothertobesuccessful.Researchhasshownthatusingcelebritiesandattractivepeoplecanmotivateconsumerstopurchaseaproduct.Inwhatevermanner,advertisershopethattheyactuallycanmakepeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselves,becausethatcanhelpfosterrepeatpurchasesofaproduct.Ultimately,whetheranadvertisementmakesapersonfeelbetterabouthimorherselfdependsontheindividualandhowtheyperceivethemselvesascomparedtotheparticularadvertisementin(692[題目不僅能售出產(chǎn)品，而且也幫助人們有更好的自我感覺。[題目不僅能售出產(chǎn)品，而且也幫助人們有更好的自我感覺。BritneySpears一樣的飲料。這些GREISSUE"Whenweconcernourselveswiththestudyofhistory,webecomestorytellers.Becausewecanneverknowthepastdirectlybutconstructitbyinterpretingevidence,exploringhistoryismoreofacreativeenterprisethanitisanobjectivepursuit.AllhistoriansareSampleTherewouldseemtobetwodifferentperspectivespresentedintheabovestatement.Thefirsttwosentencesareconcernedwithexploringhistoryandwouldseemtodiscusslookingathistorythathasalreadybeenwritten.Peoplewhoconcernthemselveswiththestudyofhistoryarenotstorytellers,butratherstoryinterpreters.Thelastsentencereferstothepeoplethatwriteabouthistory,thehistoriansthemselves.Certainly,toTherewouldseemtobetwodifferentperspectivespresentedintheabovestatement.Thefirsttwosentencesareconcernedwithexploringhistoryandwouldseemtodiscusslookingathistorythathasalreadybeenwritten.Peoplewhoconcernthemselveswiththestudyofhistoryarenotstorytellers,butratherstoryinterpreters.Thelastsentencereferstothepeoplethatwriteabouthistory,thehistoriansthemselves.Certainly,toacertainextent,historiansmustbestorytellersbecausetheyhaveastorytotell.Buttheterm"storyteller"seemstoimplyagreateramountofcreativitythanwhatisinvolvedinactuallyexplainingwhathashappenedinhistory.Forthepurposesofthisessay,Iwillfocusontheperspectiveofthehistorian,asitwouldappeartobetheunderlyingcoreFromtheperspectiveofthehistorian,mosthistoriansdonothavethebenefitofhavinglivedthroughtheperiodofhistorythattheyarewritingabout.Byresearchingthroughthousandsofoldletters,legaldocuments,familyheirloomsandthelike,historiansmustlookatfragmentsofhistoryandsomehowputthesepiecestogethertoreconstructwhatactuallyhappened.Inthissense,theymustbestorytellersbecauseinevitably,theirpersonalinsightsbecomepartofwhatotherswillseewhentheyreadthehistorian'swritings.Asanexample,therearemanydifferingopinionsastowhetherThomasJeffersonactuallyfatheredchildrenwithoneofhisslaves.Somehistorianshavewrittenthatitisavirtualcertainty,whileothersarguethatitwashisbrother,ratherthanThomashimself,thatfatheredthechildren.Theybothcannotberight.Althoughtheyareallhistorians,theyarealsostorytellersgivingtheiropiniononwhatversionofeventsactuallyHistoriansthataredocumentingeventsastheyhappentodayhavemuchlessofanopportunitytofallintothe"storyteller"categoryastheyarepresentaswitnessestotheseeventsastheyarehappening.Television,newspaperandothermediacoverageiswidespreadandalmostunrelenting.Televisioncapturesvisualsandaudiosthatarespreadrapidlyaroundtheworldandtheoreticallycanlastforever.Thereismuchlessroomforputtingone'sown"spin"onanevent,especiallyregardingtheexactdetailsofwhathappened.Butevenwithtoday'sevents,thereisroomforopiniononthepartofthehistorian.Forexample,historiansarealreadyarguingwhat