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以太坊虛擬機調(diào)用合約過程英文文章EthereumVirtualMachine(EVM)istheexecutionenvironmentforsmartcontractsontheEthereumblockchain.Itisacompleteruntimeenvironmentthatexecutessmartcontractsasbytecode.Inthisarticle,wewilldiscusstheprocessofcallingcontractsintheEVM.

Whenacontractwantstocallanothercontract,itcreatesaspecialtypeoftransactioncalleda"messagecall".Themessagecallcontainstheaddressofthecontractbeingcalled,alongwithanyinputdataandEthertobetransferred.Themessagecallisthensenttotherecipientcontract'saddress.

Thefirststepinthecontractcallingprocessistodeterminethetypeofcallbeingmade.TherearetwotypesofcallsintheEVM:"CALL"and"CALLCODE".The"CALL"instructionisusedtocallacontractandexecuteitscode,whilethe"CALLCODE"instructionisusedtocallacontractwiththecurrentcontract'sstorageandcallerinformation.

Oncethecalltypeisdetermined,thenextstepistocreateanewexecutioncontextfortherecipientcontract.Thisincludescreatinganewprogramcounter,stack,memory,andcontractstoragefortherecipientcontract.

Aftertheexecutioncontextissetup,theEVMbeginsexecutingthebytecodeoftherecipientcontractfromthestartingpointspecifiedinthemessagecall.Therecipientcontractcanperformvariousoperationssuchasmodifyingitsstorage,manipulatingdataonthestack,andmakingadditionalcontractcalls.

Duringtheexecutionoftherecipientcontract,itcanalsoperform"internalcalls"byusingthe"CALL"or"CALLCODE"instructions.Theseinternalcallsaresimilartoregularcontractcallsbutdonotcreateanewtransactionontheblockchain.Instead,theyprovideawayforcontractstointeractwitheachotherwithintheEVM.

Whentheexecutionoftherecipientcontractiscomplete,theEVMreturnstheoutputdataandanyremaininggastothecallingcontract.Iftherecipientcontractranoutofgasduringitsexecution,anoutofgasexceptionisthrown,andthetransactionisreverted.

Thecallingcontractcanthenprocesstheoutputdatareturnedbytherecipientcontractandperformanynecessaryactionsbasedontheresult.Itcanalsoaccessthecontractstorageoftherecipientcontracttoreadormodifydata.

Inadditiontocallingcontracts,theEVMalsosupportsotheroperationssuchascreatingnewcontractsusingthe"CREATE"instructionandself-destructingcontractsusingthe"SELFDESTRUCT"instruction.TheseinstructionsprovideflexibilityforsmartcontractstointeractwitheachotherandtheEthereumblockchain.

Inconclusion,theprocessofcallingcontractsintheEthereumVirtualMachineinvolvescreatingamessagecall,determiningthecalltype,settinguptheexecutioncontextfortherecipientcontract,executingthebytecodeoftherecipientcontract,andprocessingtheou

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