2024年高考英語核心考點精講精練（新高考專用）考點4 閱讀理解主旨大意之段落大意 （教師版）

考點4閱讀理解主旨大意之段落大意（核心考點精講精練）1.2021-2023年三年高考真題考點分布考點題型段落大意閱讀理解2023試卷類型設問考點2023浙江1月高考C篇31．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?段落大意2023·新高考I卷D篇32.WhatisParagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?段落大意20222022·新高考I卷閱讀D14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?段落大意2022·全國甲卷D閱讀D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意20212021年全國乙卷B篇24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?段落大意2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于閱讀理解中段落大意的考查共計6次，主要考查：根據(jù)閱讀文章中的某一段落，概括段落大意。概括段落大意的方法：1.利用主題句；2.沒有主題句，總結(jié)段落大意?！緜淇疾呗浴肯到y(tǒng)歸類段落大意的總結(jié)方法，尤其是主題句、同義句表達的技巧；熟練掌握閱讀技能。【命題預測】2024年閱讀理解對段落大意的考查仍然是重點?！?024年高考命題預測】主旨大意之段落大意考點是高考中的必考點。一篇文章有多個段落，為什么把題出在其中的某個段落？因為這個段落在文章中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，這些段落或引出話題或承上啟下或總結(jié)全文。命題者的意圖是明確的，他們著眼于文章中起重要作用的段落進而設題。預測在2024高考中，段落大意題會繼續(xù)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)。【主旨大意之段落大意考點指南】段落大意題?？紗栴}：

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…

Thepassageismainlyabout…

Thepassagemainlydiscusses…

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?近幾年高考段落大意考查的特點：考查的段落一般沒有主題句，這需要考生對整段進行歸納，找出段落的重點，總結(jié)段落大意。[2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.()32.WhatisParagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了兩項關(guān)于“群體智慧”效應的研究。32.B段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame…theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.”可知,本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的,各不相同的誤差平均在一起,相互抵消,就會產(chǎn)生更準確的估計,獨立估計的平均因誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準確的預測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。【總結(jié)段落大意】【2023年1月·浙江卷】CAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.31．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B．Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C．Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D．Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹的是在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序。31．段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意義的產(chǎn)生是通過社會互動的過程，而不是計算的過程，這種互動塑造了我們頭腦中符號的內(nèi)容。賦予意義的規(guī)則不僅存在于我們的頭腦中，也存在于社會之外，存在于社會記憶、社會習俗和社會關(guān)系中。)”可知，從最后一段我們能了解到社會互動是理解符號的關(guān)鍵。故選A。規(guī)律方法：如何總結(jié)段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會在首句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。主題句具有鮮明的概括性，句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴展主題句所表達的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學會根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容去概括主題句?！?023屆安徽省A10聯(lián)盟高考最后一卷】WhenIwasakid,asycamore(楓樹)grewinfrontofmyhome.Attheageof10,Iwasjusttallenoughtoreachitslowestbranchandliftmyselfintoitsembrace.Sometimestwoorthreeofmyfriendswouldjoinmeinthesycamore,orinthemapledownthestreet,orMrs.DiMarco’soldpeachtree,someofwhosestouthorizontalbranchesallowedustositshouldertoshoulder,eatingsweetfruit.Inmysmalltowntherearesomekindsoftrees,theirbranchesspreadingwide,openforbusiness.ButIhavenotyetseenaclimber.Perhapscomputergameshavereplacedtreeclimbing,ormaybetheactivitywentthewayofmonkeybars,whichcametobeviewedastooriskyandhavelargelydisappearedfromplaygrounds.Itisasadloss.Ihavealwaysbelievedthat,sincelow-hangingbranchesprovidenobenefittothetree,theymustbemeantforthechild.RobertFrostunderstoodthiswhenhewrote:WhenIseebaches(樺樹)bendtoleftandright,Acrossthelinesofstraighterdarkertrees,Iliketothinksomeboy’sbeenswingingthem.MyonlydisagreementwithFrostishisinferencethattreeclimbingisagender-specifictask.Bothboysandgirlsmakeajoyfulclimb.ThecampusoftheuniversitywhereIteachhasallsortsoftrees.Duringarecentwalk,Ifoundmyselfbendingunderthebranchofanimmensespruce(云杉).Igrabbedthething,andamomentlaterwassittingonabranch.Thenthememoriescamefloodingback.Theoldsycamore,thefriends,andfinally,thereluctancetoreturntoearthwhentheparentalcalltosuppercame.IwassolostinmythoughtsthatIdidn’thearthestudentcallingtomefrombelow.HeaskedwhatIwasdoing.Ididn’twastetimeonexplanations.“Comeonup,”Isaid“Theair’sfine.”Butheonlylaughedandwavedmeoff.Hedidn’tknowwhathewasmissing.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stout”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Slim. B．Bent. C．Smooth. D．Strong.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whykidsdon’tclimbtrees.B．Whymonkeybarsaredangerous.C．Whythereisnobusinessundertrees.D．Whykidsareaddictedtocomputergames.6．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoprovebymentioningRobert’spoem?A．Somebranchesoftreesareuseless.B．Treesareintendedforkidstoclimb.C．Treesareasourceofinspirationforpoets.D．Climbingtreesisauniquerightofboys.7．Whatdidtheauthorthinkthestudenthadmissed?A．Theexplanationstohisquestion.B．Thefreshairabovethetree.C．Thepleasureofclimbingtrees.D．Thesenseofsafetyonearth.【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．C【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者回憶了小時候爬樹的經(jīng)歷，講述了爬樹的樂趣，感嘆如今孩子們不再爬樹的損失。4．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“Sometimestwoorthreeofmyfriendswouldjoinmeinthesycamore,orinthemapledownthestreet,orMrs.DiMarco’soldpeachtree,someofwhosestouthorizontalbranchesallowedustositshouldertoshoulder,eatingsweetfruit.（有時，我的兩三個朋友會和我一起去梧桐樹下，或者去街尾的楓樹下，或者去迪馬科太太的老桃樹下，那些……橫枝讓我們可以肩并肩地坐在一起，吃著香甜的水果。）”可知，這些樹干可以承受幾個孩子們坐在上面吃水果。由此推知，這些樹干應該是粗壯的、結(jié)實的，stout與strong詞義一致。故選D項。5．段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inmysmalltowntherearesomekindsoftrees,theirbranchesspreadingwide,openforbusiness.ButIhavenotyetseenaclimber.Perhapscomputergameshavereplacedtreeclimbing,ormaybetheactivitywentthewayofmonkeybars,whichcametobeviewedastooriskyandhavelargelydisappearedfromplaygrounds.（在我的小鎮(zhèn)有一些種類的樹，它們的樹枝伸展得很寬，開放營業(yè)著。但我還沒有看到一個爬樹的人。也許是電腦游戲取代了爬樹，或者是這項活動走上了單杠的道路，單杠被認為風險太大，已經(jīng)基本上從操場上消失了。）”可知，第二段主要描述了鎮(zhèn)上已沒有人爬樹，作者推測了這個現(xiàn)象的原因。因此，A項“孩子們不再爬樹的原因”符合段落大意。故選A項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ihavealwaysbelievedthat,sincelow-hangingbranchesprovidenobenefittothetree,theymustbemeantforthechild.RobertFrostunderstoodthiswhenhewrote（我一直認為，既然低垂的樹枝對樹沒有好處，那么它們一定是給孩子的。羅伯特·弗羅斯特明白這一點，他這樣寫道……）”可知，作者認為羅伯特·弗羅斯特的詩體現(xiàn)了樹是給孩子們爬著玩的這一想法。故選B項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者描述的小時候爬樹的樂趣，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中“Igrabbedthething,andamomentlaterwassittingonabranch.Thenthememoriescamefloodingback.Theoldsycamore,thefriends,andfinally,thereluctancetoreturntoearthwhentheparentalcalltosuppercame.（我抓住了那東西，不一會兒就坐在了一根樹干上。然后記憶如潮水般涌上心頭。老梧桐樹、朋友，最后，當父母喊吃晚飯時對回到地面的抗拒。）”可知，作者在樹上體味到了美好的回憶，想讓學生一同體會爬樹的快樂。由此推知，作者認為學生錯過了爬樹的樂趣。故選C項?；A過關(guān)（最新模擬試題演練）1.【2023屆廣東省部分學校高三5月聯(lián)合考試模擬預測】Asthecostsoffuel,groceriesandhousingincreasesuddenlyaroundtheworld,scientistsarefightinginflation(通貨膨脹)atthebench.Almostallitemsneededtoconductsciencearemoreexpensivethantheywerejustayearago.Andthatmeansthatnearlyeveryresearcherisfeelingthepressure.“Nobodyisimmunetothiseconomy,”saysTolaOlorunnisola,wholeadsinnovationinthelabatAvantor,aninternationalscience-managementcompanyinPennsylvania.OlorunnisolavisitedlabsintheNetherlands,SwitzerlandandIrelandtohelpresearchersfindwaystoenlargetheirbudgets.“Scientistsarebecomingmoreconsciousofcosts,”shesays.Theincreaseinlabcostshasforcedscientiststomakesomedifficultchoices.Scientificbudgetsareprettyfixed.Iftheypaydoubleforsomething,itmeansthey’renotbuyingsomethingelse.Scientistscankeeptheirresearchprojectsmovingforward,buttoavoidoverspendingontheirbudgets,they’llprobablyneedtoadjusttheirbuyinghabitsandtakestepstomaketheirlabsmoreefficient.JulienSage,acancerresearcherandgeneticistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,estimatesthatlabsupplieshistoricallyaccountforroughly20%ofhisoverallbudget,buthesaysthatthebalanceisshifting.Withoutsignificantboostsinfundingtokeeppacewithinflation,it’suptoscientiststofindcreativewaystodiminishcosts.Oneoptionistorethinkexperimentaldesign.“Itwillprobablytakemorethandiscountsfromlab-supplycompaniestotrulyprotectscientistsfromtheimpactofrisingprices,”Sagesays.“Unlesssomethingisdoneonalargescaletoeitherstabilizecostsorincreasefunding,scienceislikelytosuffer.Ifyouhavelessmoney,you’regoingtohavefewerpeopleorbelessproductive,whichmeansyou’regoingtohavefewergrants(撥款)whichmeansyou’regoingtohavefewerpeople.That’sprobablyhappeningtoalotoflabsthesedays,andthequestionis:Whenisitgoingtostop?”12．ForwhatdidOlorunnisolavisitsomelabsindifferentplaces?A．Seeinghowresearchersstruggleagainstinflation.B．Provingeveryonehastofacetherisingprice.C．Learningaboutthepressureofresearchers.D．Helpingresearchersovercomeeconomicdifficulty.13．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thecauseofincreasinglabcosts. B．Theeffectsoftherisinglabcosts.C．Thetoughchoicesofresearchers. D．Thewaysofmakinglabsefficient.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”meaninparagraph4?A．Reduce. B．Calculate. C．Restore. D．Keep.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Scientistsfacemanyproblems B．ThepriceofgoodsisrisingquicklyC．Labshavetotightensuppliesbudgets D．Peopleholddifferentopinionsofprice【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．C【文章大意】本文是說明文。隨著世界各地燃料、商品和住房成本的激增，實驗室的科研人員不得不削減成本以應對通貨膨脹。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OlorunnisolavisitedlabsintheNetherlands,SwitzerlandandIrelandtohelpresearchersfindwaystoenlargetheirbudgets.(Olorunnisola訪問了荷蘭、瑞士和愛爾蘭的實驗室，幫助研究人員找到擴大預算的方法)”可知，Olorunnisola訪問了荷蘭，瑞士和愛爾蘭的實驗室，其目的是幫助科研人員克服經(jīng)濟困難。故選D。13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Theincreaseinlabcostshasforcedscientiststomakesomedifficultchoices.Scientificbudgetsareprettyfixed.Iftheypaydoubleforsomething,itmeansthey’renotbuyingsomethingelse.Scientistscankeeptheirresearchprojectsmovingforward,buttoavoidoverspendingontheirbudgets,they’llprobablyneedtoadjusttheirbuyinghabitsandtakestepstomaketheirlabsmoreefficient.(實驗室成本的增加迫使科學家們做出了一些艱難的選擇。科學預算是相當固定的。如果他們花雙倍的錢買東西，這意味著他們沒有買別的東西?？茖W家們可以繼續(xù)推進他們的研究項目，但為了避免預算超支，他們可能需要調(diào)整他們的購買習慣，并采取措施提高實驗室的效率)”可知，本段主要講述了實驗室成本的增加給科研人員帶來的一系列問題及其影響。故選B。14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Withoutsignificantboostsinfundingtokeeppacewithinflation,it’suptoscientiststofindcreativewaysto”可知，如果不大幅增加資金以跟上通貨膨脹的步伐，那么科研人員就必須找到創(chuàng)造性的方法來削減成本。故劃線詞意思是“減少”。故選A。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Asthecostsoffuel,groceriesandhousingincreasesuddenlyaroundtheworld,scientistsarefightinginflation(通貨膨脹)atthebench.Almostallitemsneededtoconductsciencearemoreexpensivethantheywerejustayearago.Andthatmeansthatnearlyeveryresearcherisfeelingthepressure.(隨著燃料、食品雜貨和住房成本在世界范圍內(nèi)的突然上漲，科學家們正在板凳上與通貨膨脹作斗爭。幾乎所有進行科學研究所需的物品都比一年前貴了。這意味著幾乎每個研究人員都感到了壓力)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了隨著世界各地燃料、商品和住房成本的微增，實驗室的科研人員不得不削減成本以應對通貨膨脹。C選項“實驗室必須收緊供應預算”最符合文章標題。故選C。2.【2023屆廣東省部分學校高三5月聯(lián)合考試模擬預測】BorninFrance,butraisedinSpain,linguisticsandliteratureprofessorJuanJoséCiruelaAlferezfromtheUniversityofGranadaispassionateaboutChineseliteratureandhasbeendoingsomeresearchaboutit.Withpainstakingeffort,hisSpanishtranslationofaChineseclassicwaspublishedlastyear.Ciruelasaidtranslatingthenovelwasaninterestingchallenge.Inrecentyears,manyChineseworkshavebeenintroducedtoSpain.However,asmostofthemhadbeentranslatedfirstintoEnglishandthenfromthatlanguageintoSpanish,muchoftheoriginalitywaslost.Forthisreason,whentheSpanishpublishinghouseKailascontactedCiruelatotranslateitdirectlyfromChinese,heacceptedthemissionimmediately,evenifitpresenteddifficultieslikeaheavyworkloadwithinashorttimelimit.“Iencounteredvariousdifficulties,especiallyatthebeginningofthetask,”saidCiruelainaninterview.“Thisnovel,inparticular,needsapriorreadingprocessinwhichthetranslatorgetsintotheplotandthecharacters,sinceatfirstitisdifficulttoentertheworldthatthenovelconstantlyraises.SoIreadthenovelfirstinChinese,payingattentiontoallthosedetailsandhowallofthatcouldbetranslatedinawaythattheSpanishreaderswouldunderstand.ForCiruela,themostimportantcriterionwhentranslatingisfidelity(忠誠)totheoriginaltext.Whileitistruethatonecannotalwaysbestrictlyfaithful,hebelievestranslatorsshouldnotbetoofarfromoriginaltexts.Forexample,thetranslationofculturemes(expressionsofcultureinlanguage)isquitecomplicatedduetotheculturalgapbetweenSpanishandChinese.Ciruelabelievesthatthesemustalwaysbeappropriatetothespecificfunctiontheyperformwithinthetext,ineachspecificcaseandmoment.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatlanguage”probablyreferto?A．Spanish. B．English. C．Chinese. D．French.5．WhatcausedCiruelatotranslatetheChineseclassic?A．HispassionforSpanishliterature. B．Hisdeterminationtopopularizeit.C．ThelackofitsdirecttranslationintoSpanish. D．ThelossofdiversityinSpanishtranslation.6．Whataspectofthetranslationtaskdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Itsbarrier. B．Itsprinciple. C．Itsstyle. D．Itsmeaning.7．WhatdoesCiruelathinkisthemostimportantintranslation?A．Meetingreaders’needs. B．Targetingculturalphenomena.C．Bridgingtheculturalgap. D．Beingloyaltotheoriginaltext.【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．D【文章大意】本文是記敘文。文章講述了JuanJoseCiruelaAlférez致力于把中國文學作品翻譯成西班牙語的故事。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Ciruelasaidtranslatingthenovelwasaninterestingchallenge.Inrecentyears,manyChineseworkshavebeenintroducedtoSpain.(Ciruela說翻譯這部小說是一個有趣的挑戰(zhàn)。近年來，許多中國作品被介紹到西班牙)”以及劃線詞上文“However,asmostofthemhadbeentranslatedfirstintoEnglishandthenfrom”可知，因為其中大部分著作都是先翻譯成英語，然后再從英語翻譯成西班牙語，所以很多原創(chuàng)性都喪失了。因此，畫線短語指代“英語”。故選B。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forthisreason,whentheSpanishpublishinghouseKailascontactedCiruelatotranslateitdirectlyfromChinese,heacceptedthemissionimmediately,evenifitpresenteddifficultieslikeaheavyworkloadwithinashorttimelimit.(因此，當西班牙Kailas出版社聯(lián)系Ciruela直接從中文翻譯時，他立即接受了這個任務，即使在短時間內(nèi)工作量很大等困難)”可知，因為缺少直接翻譯的版本，所以Ciruela決定接受這項翻譯任務。故選C。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段““Iencounteredvariousdifficulties,especiallyatthebeginningofthetask,”saidCiruelainaninterview.“Thisnovel,inparticular,needsapriorreadingprocessinwhichthetranslatorgetsintotheplotandthecharacters,sinceatfirstitisdifficulttoentertheworldthatthenovelconstantlyraises.SoIreadthenovelfirstinChinese,payingattentiontoallthosedetailsandhowallofthatcouldbetranslatedinawaythattheSpanishreaderswouldunderstand.(“我遇到了各種各樣的困難，尤其是在任務開始的時候，”Ciruela在一次采訪中說。尤其是這部小說，需要一個預先的閱讀過程，譯者在這個過程中進入情節(jié)和人物，因為一開始很難進入小說不斷提出的世界。所以我先讀了這本小說的中文版本，注意所有的細節(jié)，以及如何把這些細節(jié)翻譯成西班牙讀者能理解的方式)”可知，本段主要講述了Ciruela在翻譯過程中遇到的困難。故選A。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“ForCiruela,themostimportantcriterionwhentranslatingisfidelity(忠誠)totheoriginaltext.(對于Ciruela來說，翻譯時最重要的標準是忠實于原文)”可知，Ciruela認為翻譯忠于原文最重要。故選D。3.【2023屆海南省?？谑懈呖寄M】AnewdeviceknownasSharkGuardisbeingtrialedwhichgivesoffapulsetoprotectsharksandraysfromfishinghooks(魚鉤).Thedatasofarsuggeststhatithasbeenveryeffectiveinreducingthenumberofsharksandstingrayscaughtbycommercialfishingequipment.Commercialfishingisknowntothreatensharksandraysworldwide.Researchhasfoundthat24percentoftheaveragemonthlyspaceusedbysharksaroundtheworldfallsunderthe-footprintofdistantlonglinefisheries.Thisiswhenhookshangnearthesurfacetocatchfishliketunaandswordfish.Aquarterofsharkhabitatsarewithinactivefishingzones.Itisestimatedthatover20,000,000sharksarecaughtasbycatcheveryyear.Stingraysarealsofrequentlycaughtasbycatch.“Bycatch”referstounwantedfishandmarinecreaturescaughtbycommercialfishingequipment,andistypicallydiscarded(丟棄)overboardeitherdeadordying.SharkGuardwasdesignedbymarinescientiststoprotectsharksandraysfromfishingequipment.Itisasmallbattery-powereddevicethatcanbefastenedonthelinenexttoabaitedhookandgivesoffashortpulseeverytwoseconds.StudyfoundthatthedevicereducedthenumberofbluesharkscaughtinaFrenchlonglinetunafisheryintheMediterraneanby91percent,andstingraysby71percent.Thesearepromisingnumbers,althoughDr.PhilDoherty,leadauthorofthestudy,saidthatSharkGuardshould“bedesignedonacase-by-casebasistoensureit’sfitforpurpose.”28．Whatisthenewdeviceusedtodo?A．Stopsharksbeingcaught. B．Reducethenumberofsharks.C．Confirmascientificguess. D．Preventcommercialhunting.29．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Theplacesfishinghookshang. B．Therangeofcommercialfishing.C．Thebenefitsofprotectingsharks. D．Theharmofcommercialfishing.30．WhatdoesPhilDohertythinkofthedevice?A．Itispromising. B．Itisineffective.C．Itneedsimproving. D．Itisperfectlydesigned.31．Whatisthetext?A．Adiaryentry. B．Anewsreport.C．Afantasystory. D．Abookreview.【答案】28．A29．D30．C31．B【文章大意】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹一種名為SharkGuard的新設備正在試驗中，它能發(fā)出脈沖來防止鯊魚和鰩魚上鉤。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AnewdeviceknownasSharkGuardisbeingtrialedwhichgivesoffapulsetoprotectsharksandraysfromfishinghooks(魚鉤).Thedatasofarsuggeststhatithasbeenveryeffectiveinreducingthenumberofsharksandstingrayscaughtbycommercialfishingequipment.(一種名為“鯊魚衛(wèi)士”的新設備正在試驗中，它可以發(fā)出脈沖來保護鯊魚和鰩魚免受魚鉤的傷害。迄今為止的數(shù)據(jù)表明，它在減少商業(yè)捕魚設備捕獲的鯊魚和黃貂魚數(shù)量方面非常有效)”和第四段“SharkGuardwasdesignedbymarinescientiststoprotectsharksandraysfromfishingequipment.Itisasmallbattery-powereddevicethatcanbefastenedonthelinenexttoabaitedhookandgivesoffashortpulseeverytwoseconds.(鯊魚衛(wèi)士是由海洋科學家設計的，目的是保護鯊魚和鰩魚免受捕魚設備的傷害。這是一種由電池供電的小型設備，可以固定在誘餌鉤旁邊的繩子上，每兩秒鐘發(fā)出一次短脈沖)”可知，SharkGuard是由海洋科學家設計的，用來防止鯊魚和鰩魚進入捕魚設備。故選A。29．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Commercialfishingisknowntothreatensharksandraysworldwide.(眾所周知，商業(yè)捕魚威脅著全世界的鯊魚和鰩魚)”及該段下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了商業(yè)捕撈對于鯊魚造成的危害。故選D。30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesearepromisingnumbers,althoughDr.PhilDoherty,leadauthorofthestudy,saidthatSharkGuardshould“bedesignedonacase-by-casebasistoensureit’sfitforpurpose.”(這些都是有希望的數(shù)字，盡管該研究的主要作者PhilDoherty博士表示，SharkGuard應該“根據(jù)具體情況進行設計，以確保其符合目的。”)”可知，菲爾·多爾蒂博士認為該裝置需要改進。故選C。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AnewdeviceknownasSharkGuardisbeingtrialedwhichgivesoffapulsetoprotectsharksandraysfromfishinghooks(魚鉤).Thedatasofarsuggeststhatithasbeenveryeffectiveinreducingthenumberofsharksandstingrayscaughtbycommercialfishingequipment.(一種名為“鯊魚衛(wèi)士”的新設備正在試驗中，它可以發(fā)出脈沖來保護鯊魚和鰩魚免受魚鉤的傷害。迄今為止的數(shù)據(jù)表明，它在減少商業(yè)捕魚設備捕獲的鯊魚和黃貂魚數(shù)量方面非常有效)”和最后一段“StudyfoundthatthedevicereducedthenumberofbluesharkscaughtinaFrenchlonglinetunafisheryintheMediterraneanby91percent,andstingraysby71percent.Thesearepromisingnumbers,althoughDr.PhilDoherty,leadauthorofthestudy,saidthatSharkGuardshould“bedesignedonacase-by-casebasistoensureit’sfitforpurpose.”(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該裝置使地中海法國延繩金槍魚漁場捕獲的藍鯊數(shù)量減少了91%，黃貂魚數(shù)量減少了71%。這些都是有希望的數(shù)字，盡管該研究的主要作者PhilDoherty博士表示，SharkGuard應該“根據(jù)具體情況進行設計，以確保其符合目的?！?”可知，本文介紹最新研究結(jié)果，由此推知本文屬于新聞報道。故選B。4.【2023屆海南省海南中學、?？谝恢?、文呂中學、嘉積中學高三4月聯(lián)考】EverytimeIstareattherowsofjarsfilledwithmyparents’homemadetomatosauce,Iwonder:“ShouldIreallyuseone?”Ihavebeenkeepingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.NomatterhowhardItrytofindalternatives,nothingcompares.Store-boughtsauce?Itjustdoesn’ttasteright.EvenifItrytorecreateit,itwillnevertastethesame.Whilegrowingup,Ihatedthetomatoseason.MyparentswouldusethebasementtoripenthetomatoestheyhadcollectedlocallyinSeptember.LiketheotherItalianfamiliesinthearea,wewouldthentakethemtothegaragewhentheywereripeenough.Theretheywerecleanedandboiled.Havingbeenstewed(燉),wholetomatoeswerepassedthroughmyfather’shomemademachinetoseparatethesaucefromtheskins.Jarsattheready,wefilledthemwithsauceandseasoning.Thejarswouldbehotforafewdays,sealedtokeeptheirownheat.Theywouldthenbelinedupandreadytouse.Thistraditionwashardtocarryonwhenmyfathergotill.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithcancerin2019,hespentmostofhistimeinhospital.InSeptemberthatyearhecamehome,andontheweekendwedecidedtocontinuethetradition.Ihavegloriousmemoriesofthatdayasweonceagainmadethesauce.Itwasabeautifulbutshort-livedmoment.Myfatherdiedsoonafter.Ican’tkeepthesejarsforever.Butitdoesn’tmakeitanyeasiertoopenone.EverytimeIgotoreachforone,somethingstopsme.Mymother,everpractical,isvisitingusrecentlyandjuststaresatthem.“Youshouldusetheseortheywillgotowaste.”Whatwillitfeelliketousethatlastjar?Itwouldmeantheendofanera.Whoknows?Maybeit’stimetobringnewtraditionsintolife.4．Whatstopstheauthorfromusingthetomatosauce?A．Ithasgonebad. B．Hedoesn’tliketomatosauceC．Hevaluesittoomuch. D．Hekeepsitforfutureuse.5．WhatdoPara.3andPara.4mainlytalkabout?A．Thetomatoharvest. B．Thehomemademachine.C．Thefruitfultomatoseason. D．Themakingoftomatosauce.6．Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydonext?A．Openonejar. B．Keepthejars.C．Collecttomatoes. D．Maketomatosauce7．Whichofthefollowingcandescribetheauthor?A．Practical. B．Faithful. C．Affectionate. D．Sensitive.【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．C【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者家庭每年自制番茄醬的傳統(tǒng)在父親去世后就很難繼續(xù)保持了，作者意識到是時候給生活引入新的傳統(tǒng)了。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ihavebeenkeepingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.(我一直把這些罐子當作珍貴的寶貝保管著。)”可知，阻止作者使用番茄醬的是作者太看重它了。故選C。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“LiketheotherItalianfamiliesinthearea,wewouldthentakethemtothegaragewhentheywereripeenough.Theretheywerecleanedandboiled.(和這個地區(qū)的其他意大利家庭一樣，我們會在它們成熟的時候把它們送到車庫。在那里他們被清洗和煮。)”和第四段的“Havingbeenstewed(燉)，wholetomatoeswerepassedthroughmyfather’shomemademachinetoseparatethesaucefromtheskins.Jarsattheready,wefilledthemwithsauceandseasoning.Thejarswouldbehotforafewdays,sealedtokeeptheirownheat.Theywouldthenbelinedupandreadytouse.(燉好之后，整個番茄經(jīng)過父親自制的機器，把醬汁和外皮分開。罐子準備好了，我們往里面裝滿了醬汁和調(diào)料。罐子會熱幾天，密封以保持自身的熱量。然后將它們排列好，準備使用。)”可知，第3段和第4段主要講的是番茄醬的制作，故選D。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Youshouldusetheseortheywillgotowaste.(你應該用這些，否則就浪費了。)”和最后一段的“Whatwillitfeelliketousethatlastjar?Itwouldmeantheendofanera.Whoknows?Maybeit’stimetobringnewtraditionsintolife.(用完最后一罐會是什么感覺？這將意味著一個時代的終結(jié)。誰知道呢？也許是時候把新的傳統(tǒng)引入生活了。)”可知，作者接下來最有可能做的是打開一個罐子。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ihavebeenkeepingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.NomatterhowhardItrytofindalternatives,nothingcompares.(我一直把這些罐子當作珍貴的寶貝保管著。無