浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《820翻譯與寫作》歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2007年浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院420翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2008年浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院820翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2009年浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院820翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2018年浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院820翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2019年浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院820翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2007年浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院

420翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

PartOneTranslation（90分/150）

1.TranslatetheFollowingEnglishintoChinese(20分):

Inotherwords,Americanliteratureistooureyesacuriousamalgamof

familiarandstrange.Americais,ofcourse,anextensionofEuropein

Europe’sexpansionistphase.IthasbeenpeopledmainlybyEuropeans.The

“involuntaryimmigrants”—Negroslaves—fromAfricaareanexception,and

theirpresencehasmodifiedAmericansociety.ButingeneraltheUnited

StateswasfoundeduponEuropean,andespeciallyBritish,precedents.

Culturallyspeaking,AmericamightbecalledaEuropeancolony.

However,tosaysoistodrawattentiontothecomplexityoftheAmerican

scene.Noothercolonyhasbeensoheterogeneouslypopulated,orsolong

politicallyindependentofEurope.Noothercountrywhoseoriginsliein

Europehashadsosharpanawarenessofitscleavagefrom,andsuperiority

to,theparentcultures.RunningthroughAmericanhistory,andtherefore

throughAmericanliterature,isadoubleconsciousnessofOldWorldmodes

andNewWorldpossibilities.Yesterdayhasbeendismissedandpinedfor:

tomorrowhasbeeninvokedanddreaded.Ithasnotbeenthemostfavorable

ofsituationsfortheproductionofliterature.

【參考譯文】

換句話說(shuō)，我們認(rèn)為，美國(guó)文學(xué)把我們所熟悉的陌生的東西奇妙地結(jié)合

起來(lái)了。美國(guó)當(dāng)然是歐洲向外擴(kuò)展時(shí)期的外延，歐洲人是主要的移民。

非洲被強(qiáng)迫而來(lái)的移民——黑奴——是個(gè)例外，這些人的到來(lái)使美國(guó)社

會(huì)有了變化，不過(guò)大體上美國(guó)是按照歐洲，特別是英國(guó)的先例建立的。

就文化而言，美國(guó)可以說(shuō)是歐洲的一個(gè)殖民地。

這樣說(shuō)是要人們注意到美國(guó)社會(huì)的復(fù)雜性。其他殖民地的居民成分沒(méi)有

如此復(fù)雜，政治上脫離歐洲也沒(méi)有如此長(zhǎng)久。沒(méi)有一個(gè)起源于歐洲的國(guó)

家，像它這樣敏銳地意識(shí)到要和歐洲文化分家，而且要超過(guò)歐洲文化。

貫穿美國(guó)歷史的，也就是貫穿美國(guó)文學(xué)的，是一種雙重意識(shí)；既眷戀舊

大陸的文明，又憧憬新大陸的前程。昨日已成過(guò)去，但也值得留戀；明

天已經(jīng)在望，但也令人惴惴不安。這不是一個(gè)最適合文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的環(huán)境。

2.TranslatetheFollowingintoEnglish(25分):

戀愛(ài)是人類生活的中心，孟子說(shuō)：“食色性也?！彼^戀愛(ài)正是天賦之本

能；如一生不了解戀愛(ài)的人，他又何能了解整個(gè)的人生？所以凡事都從

學(xué)習(xí)而知而能，只有戀愛(ài)用不著學(xué)習(xí)，只要到了相當(dāng)?shù)哪挲g，碰到合適

的機(jī)會(huì)，他和她便會(huì)莫名其妙地戀愛(ài)起來(lái)。

戀愛(ài)人人都會(huì)，可是不見(jiàn)得人人都懂，世俗大半以性欲偽充戀愛(ài)，以游

戲的態(tài)度處置戀愛(ài)，于是我們時(shí)刻可看到因戀愛(ài)而不幸的記載。實(shí)在的

戀愛(ài)絕不是游戲，它具有引人向上的鞭策力，它更是美麗的象征。

在一雙男女正純情熱愛(ài)著的時(shí)候，他和她內(nèi)心充實(shí)著驚人的力量：他們

的靈魂是從萬(wàn)有的束縛中，得到了自由，不怕威脅，不為利誘，他們是

超越了現(xiàn)實(shí)，而創(chuàng)造他們理想的樂(lè)園。

【參考譯文】

Romanticloveisthecoreofhumanlife.Menciussays,“Thedesireforfood

andsexisnature.”Inotherwords,loveisinnate.Ifoneremainsalifelong

strangertolove,howcanhethoroughlyunderstandlife?Manbecomes

capablethroughlearning.Butloveisanexception.Boyandgirl,whenthey

areofageandmeetatanopportunemoment,willbecomemysteriously

attachedtoeachother.

Thoughpeoplelovebyinstinct,yetallcannotunderstanditcorrectly.More

oftenthannot,loveisbutcarnaldesireandistreatedasameregame.Thatis

whywesooftenheartragicstoriesoflove.Trueloveisnotagame.Norcan

itstruevaluebeappreciatedbythemorallydegenerate.Truelovespursone

ontohigherattainment.Itembodiesthesupremequalityofselflessness,and

is,aboveall,symbolicofbeauty.

Whenamanandwomanaredeeplyimmersedintruelove,theyarefullof

amazinginnerstrength.Theirsoulsarefreedfromallbondage.Theyare

unyieldingbeforethreatsandincorruptiblebeforeanypromiseofmaterial

gain.Theytranscendtherealitytocreateanidealparadiseoftheirown.

3.TranslatetheFollowingBusinessEnglishintoChinese(20分):

Theoutstandingmarketingadvantageofasmallbusinessoveralargeoneis

itsclosenesstoitscustomers.Manysmall-businessownerscatertoadevoted

groupofcustomersbystockingspecialgoodsandpersonalizingservicesfor

them.Byfurnishingmoreandbetterservices,thesmallbusinessoftencan

competeeffectivelywithalargeone.Theseservicesincludedeliveries,phone

orders,giftwrapping,checkcashing,credit,andamerchandise-on-approval

program.

Amongthemarketingweaknessofsmallfirmsareinadequatesales

programs,lackofeffectiveadvertisingprograms,inadequateinventory

control,andpurchasingandpricingdisadvantages.Forexample,manysmall

businessesemployonlypart-timesalespersons.Theirsalespresentations

oftenareincompleteandineffectivebecausetheonlysalestrainingthese

salespersonsreceiveisfromrepresentativesofwholesalersandother

suppliers.

Manysmallfirmslackboththecreativetalentandthemoneyforaneffective

advertisingprogram.Inmostcasestheycannotaffordtouseanadvertising

agency.Theyrelymainlyonsatisfiedcustomerstospreadthemessageabout

theirgoodsandservices.Whentheyadvertise,theydosoonlyinthe

classifiedsectionofthenewspapersandintheYellowPagesofthetelephone

directory.Asaresult,theyareunabletoevaluatetheeffectivenessoftheir

advertising.

【參考譯文】

與大企業(yè)相比，小企業(yè)最突出的營(yíng)銷優(yōu)勢(shì)是與客戶的密切關(guān)系。許多小

企業(yè)主通過(guò)提供特殊商品和個(gè)性化服務(wù)來(lái)培養(yǎng)一群忠實(shí)顧客。通過(guò)提供

更多更好的服務(wù)，小企業(yè)往往可以有效地與大企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這些服務(wù)包括

送貨、電話訂購(gòu)、禮品包裝、支票兌現(xiàn)、信用卡和試銷體驗(yàn)。

小公司的營(yíng)銷弱點(diǎn)包括銷售計(jì)劃不充分、缺乏有效的廣告計(jì)劃、庫(kù)存控

制不足以及采購(gòu)定價(jià)劣勢(shì)。例如，許多小企業(yè)的銷售都是兼職人員。他

們的銷售報(bào)告一般都不完整，又沒(méi)有效果，因?yàn)檫@些銷售人員接受過(guò)的

唯一銷售培訓(xùn)是來(lái)自批發(fā)商和其他供應(yīng)商的代表。

許多小公司既缺乏創(chuàng)意人才，又缺乏有效的廣告資金。在大多數(shù)情況

下，他們請(qǐng)不起廣告公司。他們主要依靠對(duì)其滿意的顧客來(lái)宣傳他們商

品和服務(wù)。他們就算做廣告也只是在報(bào)紙的分類欄和電話簿的黃頁(yè)上

做。因此，他們無(wú)法評(píng)估廣告是否有效。

4.PleaseTranslatetheFollowingChineseintoEnglish(25分):

隨著國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，貿(mào)易與環(huán)境的關(guān)系問(wèn)題日益引起世界各國(guó)的重

視。1995年世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）成立后，就建立了貿(mào)易與環(huán)境委員

會(huì)（CTE）。其主要宗旨是“明確貿(mào)易措施與環(huán)境措施之間的關(guān)系以促

進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展；對(duì)多邊貿(mào)易體系條款是否需要修改提出適當(dāng)建議，這些

建議必須與多邊貿(mào)易體系的公開(kāi)、公正、非歧視性原則相一致。”

2001年多哈召開(kāi)的WTO第四屆部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議上，在歐盟的積極推動(dòng)下，

經(jīng)過(guò)激烈談判，在會(huì)議最后一刻將貿(mào)易與環(huán)境問(wèn)題列入了新一輪多邊貿(mào)

易談判。WTO成員國(guó)從此對(duì)貿(mào)易與環(huán)境議題展開(kāi)談判。

中國(guó)政府高度重視貿(mào)易與環(huán)境問(wèn)題，積極參與了WTO貿(mào)易與環(huán)境議題

談判，并分別在2003年7月和2004年6月的CTE特會(huì)上提交了兩份提案，

為推動(dòng)談判進(jìn)展做出了技術(shù)性貢獻(xiàn)。

【參考譯文】

Withthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,theissueoftherelationship

betweentradeandenvironmenthasbecometheconcernofcountriesallover

theworld.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)establishedaCommittee

onTradeandEnvironment(CTE)whenitwaslaunchedin1995.TheCTE’s

mainmandatesare“toidentifytherelationshipbetweentrademeasuresand

environmentalmeasures,inordertopromotesustainabledevelopment,andto

makeappropriaterecommendationsonwhetheranymodificationsofthe

provisionsofthemultilateraltradingsystemarerequired,compatiblewiththe

open,equitableandnon-discriminatorynatureofthesystem.”

LargelypushedbytheEC,thetradeandenvironmentalissuewasadoptedas

thenewroundmultilateraltradenegotiationsattheverylastminuteafter

heateddebatesatthe4thWTOMinisterialConferenceheldinDohain

November2001.ItwasthendecidedthattheWTOMembersshallnegotiate

onthetradeandenvironmentalissue.

TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetotradeand

environmentalissuesandhasbeenactivelyparticipatinginthenegotiations.

ChinabroughtforwardtwosubmissionstotheCTESpecialSessioninJuly

2003andJune2004respectively,andmadeitstechnicalcontributionsin

pushingforwardthenegotiations.

PartTwoWriting(60分/150)

1.ReadTheFollowingPassageAndThenWriteACoherentEssayTo

AnswerTheQuestionGiven.YouAreRequiredToExpressYour

ViewpointsClearlyAndLogicallyWithin200Words(20分):

ACity’sTrafficPlansandChina’sCarCulture

SHANGHAI,July9—Whenofficialsdrewuptheblueprintsfortheredesign

ofthiscityintheearly1980s,naryaskyscraperpunctuatedthelow-slung

horizon,whosebuildingsmostlydatedfromthedecadesofWesterncontrol

earlyinthelastcentury.

ThehugelyambitiousplanscalledforShanghaitobebuiltanew.Andamong

thetopprioritiesinacitypreviouslydominatedbybicycleswasavoidingthe

mostcommonplaguesoftheautomobileage—unmanageabletrafficand

unbearablepollution.

AspeopleinthisrichestofChinesecitieshavegrownmoreandmore

affluent,theyhavedisplayedanAmerican-stylepassionfortheautomobile.

ButforShanghai,asformuchofChina,gettingrichandgrowingattachedto

carshaveincreasinglygonehandinhand,andhaveproducedsideeffects

familiarincitiesthathavelongbeenaddictedtoautomobiles—fromfilthyair

andstressful,marathoncommutestosharplyrisingoilconsumption.

Thecountry’stopenvironmentalofficialshavewarnedofecologicaland

economicdoomifChinacontinuestofollowthispattern.Butincitieslike

Shanghai,whereautomobilesaccountfor70percentto80percentofair

pollution,nothingseemscapableofstopping,orevenslowing,therapidrise

ofacarculture.

Thisisnotforlackoftrying.Butthetrafficeffortshavebeencoupledwitha

majorexpansionofthepublictransportationsystem,whichcomprises

gleamingnewsubwaysandtheworld’sfastesttrain,amagneticlevitation

vehiclethatzipstotheairportinunder10minutes.

Thesteepgrowthinautomobiletraffichere,however,seemstomockthe

city’sefforts.TheoriginalblueprintsforamajorexpansionofShanghai’s

roadnetwork,drawnuptwodecadesago,predictedthatShanghaiwouldpass

thethresholdoftwomillioncarsin2020.Infact,thatfigurewasreachedlast

November.

Meanwhile,thecityisexpandingitssubwaygridwellbeyondthe310miles

oftrackfirstplanned.Twonewlinesarebeingaddedtotheoriginal15,along

withanother192milesoftrack.Evenso,thesubwaysystem,gleamingand

cleanthoughitis,isoneareawheretraffichasfailedtomeetprojections,

withlessthanhalftheexpectedridershiponsomelines.Thereason,experts

say,isthattherearenotenoughtrains,resultinginovercrowdingwhich

furtherencouragespeopletorideincars.

Question:

WhatisChina’scarcultureaccordingtotheauthorandwhatisyour

understandingofcarcultureinChina?

【參考答案】

Theauthorthinksthatasrichpeoplehavegrownmoreandmoreaffluent,

theyhavedisplayedanAmerican-stylepassionfortheautomobile.When

peoplegetrich,theyallwanttobuyacar.That’scarculture.

Inmyopinion,sometimes,carcultureisalittleridiculousandunnecessary.

Ononehand,frankly,thereisnoneedtobuyacarinthoserichestcities.If

youwanttogoout,takingundergroundisfasterandsafer.Imaginethat

you’reinahurrytogotoajobinterview;youknowyouwouldmissitifyou

failtogetthereontime.Andthenyourcarbrokedownorcaughtinatraffic

jam.Thenyoumaycallitatragedy.Ontheotherhand,theincreasing

numberofcarsdoescontributetotheairpollution.Whymustwespendour

moneyinmakingourenvironmentlesslivable?

2.WriteAnEssayWithin400WordsOnTheFollowingTopic(40分):

“Itisinevitablethatastechnologydevelopstraditionalculturesmustbelost.

Technologyandtraditionareincompatible—youcannothavebothtogether.”

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Pleaseargue

andsupportyourviewpoints.

【參考范文】

Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,somepeoplesaythattraditional

culturesmustbelost.Theybelievethat“Technologyandtraditionare

incompatible—youcannothavebothtogether.”AsfarasI’mconcerned,I

disagreewiththisstatement.Inmyopinion,technologyislikethehardware

ofacomputerandcultureislikethesoftware.Thetraditionalcultureisthe

basisofChineseculture.Technologyandtraditioncanbecompatibleifwe

humanguidetheminacompatibleway.

Wecan’tdenythattechnologicaldevelopmentdoesseemtodriveawaysome

outdatedtraditionalcultures.Wecanseethesereplacementsfromdailylife.

Forexample,farmingmachineshavereplacedthetraditionalagricultural

methods,whichincreasetheefficiencyofthesowingandreapingprocessof

agriculture.What’smore,thetraditionalethics“thethreeobedienceandfour

virtuesimposedonwomen”wasalsowipedoutbecauseofthenew

technologicalage.

However,thoseexcellenttraditionalcultureswillneverbelost.Instead,they

canbeenhancedandupdatedbytechnology.Inancienttimes,childrenhadto

recitethoseclassicalbookseventheycouldn’tunderstand.Whilenowadays,

manyclassicalbooksareadaptedintolotsofcartoonsandmovies.So

childrencanenjoythemselvesatthesametimeofstudyingtraditional

virtues.Whentheygrowupandarecapableofreadingoriginalclassicbooks,

theycanreadthem.AnotherexampleisabouttheTraditionalChinese

Medicine(TCM).Inolddays,it’sveryinconvenientforitinvolved

complicatedpreparation.Thankstomedicaltechnologies,ready-madeTCM

productsareavailablenow,revivingthebeautyofChinesemedical

traditions.

Insum,technologydoescausethelossofcertaintraditionalculturesinaway

that“fittestculturesurvives”andyetcompatibilitybetweenthetwoiseasyto

identifyifweguidethemproperly.Therefore,itisone-sidedtoassumethat

traditionalculturesinevitabledieoutastechnologydevelops.

【解析】

本文圍繞“科學(xué)技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)文化能否互相調(diào)和”進(jìn)行論述。文章第一段簡(jiǎn)

要介紹了這一話題并給出作者自己的看法。第二段第三段通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明

了：只要人類調(diào)節(jié)引導(dǎo)得當(dāng)，兩者是能夠共存的。最后一段總結(jié)全文，

重申觀點(diǎn)。

2008年浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院

820翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

PartITranslation(90分/150)

1.TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese(20分):

Whatisitthatiswrongwithourpresentwayofdoingthings?Itisnotthat

wecannotproduceenoughgoods.Ourmachinesturnoutasmuchworkinan

houras10,000hand-workersusedto.Butitisnotenoughforacountryto

producegoods:itmustdistributethemaswell;andthisiswhereoursystem

breaksdownhopelessly.Everybodyoughttobelivingquitecomfortablyby

workingfourorfivehoursadaywithtwoSundaysintheweek,yetmillions

oflaborersdieintheworkhouseoronthedole(救濟(jì)金)aftersixtyyearsof

hardtoilsothatafewbabiesmayhavehundredsofthousandsofpoundsa

year.

AsIseeit,thisisnotathingtobearguedaboutortotakesidesabout.Itis

stupidandwickedonthefaceofit;anditwillsmashusandourcivilizationif

wedonotresolutelyreformit.Yetwedonothingbutkeepupaperpetual

ballyhoo(侈談)aboutBolshevism,fascism,communismliberty,dictators,

democracy,andalltherestofit.Theveryfirstlessonofthenewhistorydug

upforusbyProfessorFlindersPetrieduringmylifetimeisthatno

civilization,howeversplendid,illustriousandlikeourown,canstandup

againstthesocialresentmentsandclassconflictswhichfollowasilly

misdistributionofwealth,laborandleisure.Anditistheonehistorylesson

thatisnevertaughtinourschools,thusconfirmingthesayingoftheGerman

philosopher,Hegel.“Welearnfromhistorythatmenneverlearnanything

fromhistory.”

【參考譯文】

我們當(dāng)今在處理事情的方式上到底出了什么毛病呢？不是我們不能生產(chǎn)

足夠的商品，我們的機(jī)器現(xiàn)在每小時(shí)生產(chǎn)的東西相當(dāng)于以前10000個(gè)手

工工人干的活。但是，一個(gè)國(guó)家只生產(chǎn)商品是不夠的，它還必須分配這

些商品。而這卻是我們的制度無(wú)可奈何地必然出毛病的地方。每個(gè)人一

天工作4，5個(gè)小時(shí)，一周休兩個(gè)禮拜天，就該過(guò)上十分舒適的生活。可

是，為了幾個(gè)天之驕子能夠一年得到幾十萬(wàn)磅的收入，千百萬(wàn)勞動(dòng)者卻

不是死在車間，就是做60年苦工之后靠救濟(jì)金度日。

依我之見(jiàn)，此事并不需要爭(zhēng)論或表態(tài)。誰(shuí)都可以一眼看出此事的愚蠢性

及邪惡之處。如不堅(jiān)決對(duì)之進(jìn)行改革，我們本身及我們的文明都將被其

毀滅?？墒?，我們只是喋喋不休的奢談什么布爾什維克主義、法西斯主

義、共產(chǎn)主義、自由、獨(dú)裁者、民主以及諸如此類的東西。與我同時(shí)代

的弗林德斯·皮特里教授為我們新發(fā)掘出來(lái)的歷史所提供的首要教訓(xùn)就

是：任何一種文明，不管多么燦爛、多么輝煌、多么相似于我們這里的

文明，都經(jīng)受不住由于在財(cái)富和勞逸方面愚蠢地分配不當(dāng)而產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)

不滿和階級(jí)沖突。這一歷史卻偏偏是我們學(xué)校從來(lái)沒(méi)有教過(guò)的，從而證

實(shí)了德國(guó)哲學(xué)家黑格爾的說(shuō)法：“歷史的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)告訴我們，人們不會(huì)

從歷史的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中吸取教訓(xùn)。”

2.TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoEnglish(25分):

我懷念著故鄉(xiāng)的雷聲和雨聲。那隆隆有力的搏擊，從山谷反響到山谷，

仿佛春之芽就從凍土里震動(dòng)，驚醒，而怒茁出來(lái)。細(xì)草樣柔的雨絲又以

溫存之手撫摸它，使它簇生油綠的枝葉而開(kāi)出紅色的花。這些懷想如鄉(xiāng)

愁一樣縈繞得使我憂郁了。我心里的氣候也和這北方大陸一樣缺少雨

量，一滴溫柔的淚在我枯澀的眼里，如遲疑在這陰沉的天空里的雨點(diǎn)，

久不落下。

【參考譯文】

Irememberfondlythesoundsofmybirthplace—thesoundsofthunderand

ofrain.Thosemightycrashesrumbledandreverberatedfrommountain

valleytomountainvalley,asifthenewshootsofspringwereshakinginthe

frozenground,awakening,andburstingforthwithaterrifyingvigor.Threads

ofrain,softasfinegrass,wouldthencaressthemwithatenderhand,sothat

clumpsofglossygreenleaveswouldsproutforthandreadflowersburst

open.Thesefondrecollectionslingeredwithmelikeakindofhomesickness,

leavingmedejected.Withinmyheart,theclimateseemedasparchedofrain

asthisnortherncontinent;andliketheraindrops,stillhesitatinginthisleaden

sky,foralongtimenotasingletearoftendernesshadfallenfrommyarid

eyes.

3.TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese(20分):

Thebigbenefitofusingdirectmarketingtobuildanongoingrelationship

withanindividualcustomeristhatastimegoeson,thecustomer’strustand

confidenceintheorganizationbuildup.Thehardestjobistogettheinitial

purchase,butoncecustomershavehadonesuccessfulandsatisfactory

experience,theywillbemuchmorereceptiveandwillingtotryagain.A

shrewddirectmarkercancapitalizeonthisbyanalyzingacustomer’s

purchasinghabitsinordertotailorfutureofferingstofitthatcustomer’s

profile,andbygentlynudgingthecustomerup-marketintomoreexpensive

purchases.

Afutureaspecttoconsideristhecustomer’sself-confidence.Some

customersprefertohaveadiscreetdirectrelationshipwithorganizations,and

tomaketheirpurchasesbymailorder.Adultincontinenceproducts,for

example,arewidelyavailablethroughpharmacists,yetmanycustomers

purchasebymailtoavoidwhattheyseeastheembarrassmentofhavingto

askfortheproductsorbeingseentopurchasethem.

【參考譯文】

使用直接營(yíng)銷與單個(gè)客戶建立持續(xù)關(guān)系的最大好處是，隨著時(shí)間的推

移，客戶對(duì)組織的信任和信心會(huì)增強(qiáng)。最困難的工作是拿下第一筆交

易，但一旦客戶有了一個(gè)成功和滿意的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們會(huì)更容易接受，并愿

意再試一次。精明的直接營(yíng)銷人員可以利用這一點(diǎn)，分析客戶的購(gòu)買習(xí)

慣，以便根據(jù)客戶的個(gè)人資料定制未來(lái)的產(chǎn)品，并輕輕地將客戶推向高

端市場(chǎng)，購(gòu)買更昂貴的產(chǎn)品。

未來(lái)需要考慮的一個(gè)方面是客戶的自信。一些客戶更喜歡與組織建立謹(jǐn)

慎的直接關(guān)系，并通過(guò)郵購(gòu)進(jìn)行購(gòu)買。例如，藥劑師會(huì)提供成人失禁產(chǎn)

品，但許多顧客通過(guò)郵寄購(gòu)買，以避免他們認(rèn)為索要產(chǎn)品或被看到購(gòu)買

產(chǎn)品的尷尬。

4.TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoEnglish(25分):

中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展得益于對(duì)外開(kāi)放和積極有效利用外資。利用

外資是對(duì)外開(kāi)放基本國(guó)策的重要內(nèi)容。28年來(lái)，外商在華累計(jì)投資設(shè)立

了近60萬(wàn)家企業(yè)，涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、制造業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)等幾乎所有領(lǐng)域，成為促

進(jìn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不可或缺的重要因素。2006年，外商投資企業(yè)工業(yè)增加

值、進(jìn)出口額、引進(jìn)技術(shù)、繳納稅收占全國(guó)的比重分別達(dá)到29%，

59%，51%和31%，直接就業(yè)人員超過(guò)2800萬(wàn)人，占全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)就業(yè)

人口的10%以上。截至2006年底，來(lái)華投資的國(guó)家和地區(qū)近200個(gè)，世

界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)中480多家在華投資，外商投資設(shè)立的研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)超過(guò)850

個(gè)。

【參考譯文】

China’ssustainedandrapideconomicgrowthisattributedtoopening-upand

effectiveutilizationofforeigndirectinvestment.AttractingFDIisan

importantelementofthebasicstatepolicyofopening-up.28yearsofforeign

investmenthasresultedinnearly600,000companiesinChina,covering

virtuallyallsectorssuchasagriculture,manufacturingandservices.They

havebecomeanindispensablefactorbehindChina’seconomicgrowth.In

2006,foreigninvestedenterprisesaccountedfor19%,59%,51%and21%

respectivelyofChina’stotalindustrialaddedvalue,importandexport

volume,technologytransfer,andtaxrevenue.Theseenterprisesdirectly

employedmorethan28millionpeople,ormorethan10%ofthetotal

workforceinChinesecitiesandtowns.Bytheendof2006,nearly200

countriesandregionsandmorethan480Fortune500companieshadinvested

inChina.Over850R&DfacilitieshadbeensetupinChinawithforeign

investment.

PartTwoWriting(60分/150)

1.ReadTheFollowingPassageAndThenWriteACoherentEssayTo

AnswerTheQuestionGiven.YouAreRequiredToExpressYour

ViewpointsClearlyAndLogicallyWithin200Words.(20分)

GrowingConcerns

Despitearangeofmeasurestokeeptheeconomyexpandinginabalanced

way,nationalpolicymakersmustbefeelingsomestressasalmostall

indicatorspointblisteringgrowth.

Thegrossdomesticproductexpandedby11.5percentinthefirstthree

quartersyear-on-year.Theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)grewby6.5percentin

October,matchingthedecade-longhighreachedinAugust.Urbanfixed-

assetsinvestmentgrowthhit26.7%percentyear-on-yearfromJanuaryto

October.Realestateinvestmentroseby31.4%.

Despitearecentdrasticcorrection,theShanghaiCompositeIndexstillnearly

doubledthusfarthisyear.Increasingbankloansandpilingupforeign

exchangereservescontinuetostokethefire.

PremierWenJiabaosaidlastweekChinashouldpreventitseconomyfrom

becomingoverheatedandavoidstructuralpriceincreasesevolvinginto

overallinflation.Ithasbeeninterpretedasasignthatfurthertighteningisin

thepipeline.“Investmenthasbeenthemainculpritfortherapidlyexpanding

economy,”saysChenJijun,seniormacroeconomicanalystwithBeijing-

basedCITICSecurities.Itwillbethetargetofmacroeconomicregulation

nextyear,hesays.

Therealestatesectorissettobeoneofthoseinthecross-hairs,accordingto

Chen.“Theeffectofprevioustighteningmeasurestargetedatthesectorisyet

tobeseen,”hesays,“Furthermeasuresmaybetakeninthefuture.”Butthose

moveswillalsobestructural,hesaid.Someeliteshaveseentheirhouse

pricesrisingtoofastwhilepricesinothersmayremainacceptable.“This

shouldbetakenintoconsiderationincarryingoutregulations.”

Anacross-the-boardhousingpriceslumpwouldcauseserioustroubletothe

nationaleconomy,hewarns.Thecentralbankisexpectedtoraisethe

benchmarkinterestratesoon,despitetherecentlyslumpingstockmarket,

analystssay.ZhouXiaochuan,governorofthecentralbank,saidlastweek

thatitwasnotadvisabletoraisetheinterestratetoooften.Evenifthe

monetarytoolsarenotconsidered,optionsremainopenforpolicymakers.

TheStateCouncilhasorderednewinvestmentprojectsthatdonothave

properapprovalproceduresmustbestopped.Allnewprojectsmustbe

properlyauthorizedandmeetlanduse,energyefficiency,marketaccessand

environmentalprotectioncriteria.

Questions:

WhatarethepropermeasuresthattheChinesepolicymakersshouldtakefor

keepingtheeconomyexpandinginabalancedwayaccordingtotheauthor?

Andwhatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantwaytopreventtheeconomy

frombecomingoverheatedandavoidthestructuralpriceincreases?

【參考答案】

Chinesepolicymakersshouldpreventitseconomyfrombecomingoverheated

andavoidstructuralpriceincreasesevolvingintooverallinflation,which

meanstighteningmeasuresareinthepipeline.Inmyopinion,themost

importantwaytopreventtheeconomyfrombecomingoverheatedandavoid

thestructuralpriceincreasesisthecooperationofallpartiesinChina.

Governmentshouldtakeforcefulmeasurestocurbpriceincreasesand

intensifyproductionofnecessities.Primaryandtertiaryindustries,alongwith

secondaryindustries,shouldhavea“concertedeffect”onthecountry’s

economicdevelopment.Chinashouldalsorelymoreontechnological

innovation,advancesinhumanresourcequalitiesandmanageriallevelsto

boostitseconomy,ratherthanmainlydependingonconsumptionofmaterial

resources.Ibelieveifeveryaspectofthesocietycancooperatewithothers,

theeconomywouldbecomebalancedagain.

2.WriteAnEssayWithin400WordsOnTheFollowinggTopic(40分):

TherewasapieceofnewsonlinetheotherdaycriticizingChinesetourists

“rude”behaviorabroad.SomeChinesevisitorswereridingthebronzebullin

theWallStreetforphototaking.Suchbehaviorshavebeenseriously

criticized.Thenprobablyonedaylater,someonepostedaseriesofphotos

showingthattouristsfromothercountriesalsodothesame,ridingthebull.

ThenitsuddenlyjustifiesChinesetourists’behaviors.Muchcriticismchase

afterthosewhocriticizedtheChinesetourists.Whatdoyouthinkofthose

Chinesetourists’behaviors?Doyouthinkthereshouldbeastandardto

justifythetourists’behaviorsregardlessofothers’doings?Pleaseargueand

supportyourview.

【參考范文】

Nowadays,itisnotstrangetoseeChineseontheInternetwiththetitle

relatedto“rude”or“uncivilized”aroundtheworld.Weevendon’tknow

sincewhenweChineseareconnectedwiththosewords.Shouldn’twebe

referredtowithpraiseslike“hardworking”,“kind”and“polite”?

Whatoneartharethereasonsforthispatheticchange?Inmyopinion,the

mostimportantcauseisnationalqualityandnationalmorality.Duetothe

largepopulation,grandterritoryandunbalancededucationbackground,the

nationalqualityofChinesedifferseverywhere.Forexample,therearesome

Chinesetravelerswhospitonthefloor,howevertheydon’tknowitiswrong.

Youmayask“Why?Isn’titacommonsensenottospitonthefloor?”But

thesepeoplejusthaven’tgotthiskindofeducationatthetimetheyare

supposedtolearnthesethings?Howcanweblamethemfortheirinnocence

andignorance?

Thenwhatcanwedotosolvethisproblem?AsfarasI’mconcerned,there’re

mainlythreeways.Tobeginwith,theeducationallevelofourcitizenshould

beimprovedsothatnationalqualityandnationalmoralitycanbepromoted.

Parentsandteachersshouldeducatetheirchildrenandstudentstobepolite

sincetheyareyoung.Weneedtotellthemhowtobehaveasacivilized

person.Andtravelagenciesalsohaveresponsibilitytoleadvisitorstothe

rightway.Thenthegovernmentshouldalsoshouldertheirdutytoenhance

supervisionandadministrationovercitizens.Forexample,ifsomeonelitter

thegroundwithwastepaperorspitontheground,theyshouldbefinedor

punished.Lastbutnotleast,weknowthatdifferentculturalbackgroundand

lifestylemayleadtosomemisunderstandings.Sowearesupposedtolearn

moreaboutthecross-culturalcommunicationandcomprehendothercultures

beforewegotoothercountries.Ibelievethroughallparties’jointeffort,the

situationwillchangetoafavorableside.

【解析】

本文圍繞國(guó)人在國(guó)外旅游的不文明現(xiàn)象為主題加以論述。第一段主要描

述了這一現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)狀；第二段作者解釋了國(guó)人在外旅游不文明現(xiàn)象的原

因；最后一段舉例說(shuō)明了這一問(wèn)題的解決方法。

2009年浙江工商大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院

820翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

PartOneTranslation(90分/150)

1.TranslatetheFollowingEnglishintoChinese(20分)

Idohavethefeelingthatallstoriesbyonewritertendtospringfromthe

samesourcewithinhim.Howevertheydifferinsubjectorapproach,however

theyvaryinexcellenceorfluctuateintheirpowertoalterthemindormood

ormovetheheat,allofonewriter’sstoriesmusttakeontheirquality,carry

theirsignature,becauseofonecharacteristic,lyricalimpulseofhismind—

theimpulsetopraise,tolove,tocallup,toprophesy.Butthenwhatcountless

storiesshareacommonsource!Allwriterswriteoutofthesamefew,few

andeternal—love,pity,terrordonotchange.

Sourcesofstoriescouldbeexaminedwithlessconfusion,perhaps,notinthe

subjectivetermsofemotion,butthroughfindingwhatintheoutsideworld

leadsbacktothoseemotionsmostdirectlyandtautlyandspecifically.The

surestclueisthepullontheline,the“inspiration,”theoutsidesignalthathas

startledormovedthecreativemindtocomplicityandbroughtthestoryto

activebeing:theirresistible,themagnetic,thealarming(pleasurableor

disturbing),theoverwhelmingperson,place,orthing.

【參考譯文】

我確實(shí)感覺(jué)到一個(gè)作家寫的所有故事都好像在其心中有同一源泉。但

是，他們不管是因主題或方法而異，或優(yōu)劣不等，或在改變思路、情緒

或變化熱點(diǎn)的能力上多么不同，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人的性格，去謳歌、去熱愛(ài)、

去呼吁、去預(yù)言的感情沖動(dòng)一樣，所以一個(gè)作家的所有故事都要呈現(xiàn)他

們的質(zhì)量，承載其特征。但是之后，故事們所共同擁有的源泉就變得多

么微不足道。所有作者的出發(fā)點(diǎn)都是那些相同的、少而又少的永恒主題

——愛(ài)、憐憫、恐懼永不改變。

用不了那么困惑，我們就能明確故事的源泉，或許，不是用“感情”這樣

主觀的術(shù)語(yǔ)，而是去找找在外部世界里是什么把我們最直接、最迅速、

最明確地帶回這些感情。再確定不過(guò)的線索是字里行間的吸引力，

是“靈感”，是那些外部的信息，正是這些信息——充滿誘惑、無(wú)力抵

抗、警醒人心（令人愉