新教材高中外研英語選擇性學(xué)案Unit5突破語法大沖關(guān)

非限定動詞作主語、賓語和表語一、動詞的非限定形式(即非謂語形式)作主語[觀察例句]1．Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.2．Itisnouseplainingwithouttakingaction.3．Toclimbthemountainishardworkbuttogodownthemountainisgreatfun.4．Itisnoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.[歸納用法]1．-ing形式作主語表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主語。常用于固定句型：It'sawasteoftimedoing...；It'snouse/gooddoing...；Itisuselessdoing...；Thereisno...等中。2．不定式作主語，一般表示具體某一次的動作。常用it作形式主語。3．it作形式主語時，不定式或-ing形式是真正的主語，放在句子后部，以使句子保持平衡。[即學(xué)即練1]單句語法填空①Hising(e)latemadetheteacherveryangry.②Itisnousecrying(cry)overspiltmilk.③Tosee(see)istobelieve.④Itisimportanttorespect(respect)people.二、動詞的非限定形式作賓語[觀察例句]1．MyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.2．Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.3．Doyoumindbeinginterruptedwhilestudying?4．Mymothercouldn'thelpsmilingwhensheheardthegoodnews.[歸納用法]1．下列動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish;refuse，manage，care，pretend;offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等2．下列動詞或動詞短語后只能用-ing形式作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon;admit，delay/putoff，fancy(想象，設(shè)想);avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice;deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate;forbid，imagine，risk;can'thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape此外，下列動詞短語后也要用-ing形式作賓語：beused/accustomedto，leadto，devoteto，gobackto，stickto，objectto，getdownto，payattentionto，can'tstand(無法忍受)，giveup，feellike，insiston，thank...for，apologizefor，bebusy(in)，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，spendtime(in)，lookforwardto3．下列動詞或動詞短語后既可以用-ing形式作賓語，也可以用不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意：后接不定式后接動名詞regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已做過某事remembertodosth.記得要去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事trytodosth.努力/企圖去做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事Ihadmeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday，butIforgot.我本來打算今天給你這本書的，可是我忘了。Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯過這輛火車意味著再等一小時。[即學(xué)即練2]單句語法填空①Davidrefusedtoaccept(accept)myinvitation.②Ihadgreatdifficultyfinding(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.③Billsuggestedholding(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.三、動詞的非限定形式作表語[觀察例句]1．Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.2．Myjobistocleantheroomseveryday.3．Ourtaskisplayingallkindsofmusic.4．Myjobisteaching.[歸納用法]1．不定式作表語常用來表示預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作，也可用來表示未來的可能性和假設(shè)；但當(dāng)不定式所作的表語僅用來說明主語的內(nèi)容時，這時的不定式只作單純的表語，而不具有未來的含義。2．-ing形式作表語多指抽象的、概念性的動作，句子主語常是表示無生命的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。[即學(xué)即練3]單句語法填空①Thequeen'sworkislaying(lay)eggs.②Thepurposeofeducationistodevelop(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.③Thenextstepistomake(make)surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.④Hisambitionistogo(go)HarvardUniversity.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Beingsurrounded(surround)bybeautifulgreenmountainsandlocatedatthefootofMount2．Theyneverquitlooking(look)forawaytogetwheretheyaresupposedtogo!3．TheclubsinArgentinacouldn'thelphim，butthefamousBarcelonaclubinSpainofferedtoaccept(accept)Messionthejuniorteamandpayforthebills.4．Scientistshavediscoveredthatstaying(stay)inthecoldcouldhelpusloseweight.5．It'sneverfoolishtoacknowledge(acknowledge)youarewrong.Beinghumans，weallneedtheartofapology.6．Firstly，youshouldconsiderdividing(divide)themintodifferentgroups—whoarethepeopleyoudon'tknowwellbutseeprettymuchdaily.7．Heappreciatedbeinggiven(give)achancetomakeapresentationintheannualseminaronparativeLiterature.8．Agreatdealisyettodo(do).9．Itwouldbewrongforpeopletomarry(marry)formoney.10．Hehopestocreate(create)anenvironmentforhisstudentsthatismuchmorerelaxingthantheoneheusedtostudyin.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.看起來他正在他的房間里面讀書。2．Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項工作是很難的。3．MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國的情況是很重要的。4．Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited．他未被邀請就來參加晚會了。5．Readingaloud大聲朗讀是很有好處的。Ⅲ.語法填空Thereisawonderfulstoryaboutayounggirlwhohadnofamilyandnoone1.tolove(love)her.Oneday，2.feeling(feel)verysadandlonely，shewaswalkingthroughagrasslandwhenshenoticedasmallbutterfly3.caught(catch)inathornybush.Theyounggirlcarefullyreleasedthebutterfly.Insteadof4.flying(fly)away，thelittlebutterflychangedintoabeautifulfairy.“Inreturnforyourwonderfulkindness，”thegoodfairysaidtothegirl，“Iwillgiveyouanywishthatyouwouldlike5.toget(get).”Thelittlegirlthoughtforamomentandthenreplied，“Iwanttobehappy.”6．Leaning(lean)towardher，thefairywhisperedinherearandthendisappeared.Withthelittlegirl7.growing(grow)up，therewasnooneinthelandhappierthanshewas.Everyonewantedtomakethemselves8.told(tell)thesecretofhappinessbyher.Shewouldonlysmileandanswer，“ThesecretofmyhappinessisthatIlistenedtoagoodfairywhenIwasalittlegirl.”Whenshewasdying，theneighborsallgatheredaround