2020年上海高考英語(yǔ)沖刺講義匯編-05 11選10+綜合（教案）

第5講11選10+綜合

A.labelsB.averageC.requiresD.countingE.situationF.dropped

G.professionalH.packagedI.exerciseJ.processingK.standards

Americansknowthebenefitsofhavingahealthydiet.Inschool,childrenlearntoeatavarietyofhealthyfoods.

Peoplegrowupawareofthevalueof_41—calories.Theyhearaboutthehealthdangersofchemicalsaddedto

_42_food.Theyrealizetheyshouldn'teattoomanysweetsorfats.ManyAmericanconsumersread_43—

carefullyfornutritioninformation.Thatwaytheycancompareproductsandeatthebestfoods.

Keepingfit—ormaybegettinginshape—isoftenhighonthelistofNewYear'sresolutionsfbrAmericans.In

thepasttwodecades,fitnesshasbecomeafashion.ManyAmericanshavejoinedhealthclubstoworkoutwith_44_

equipment.Sportsstoressellsportsshoesandclothingforeverypossibleexercise_45—.Peoplecanevenbuy

weightsandequipmentandsetuptheirownexercisecenterathome!

Statisticsgivehealthexpertsgoodreasontobedisappointed.Americansexerciselessthantheyusedto.The

numberofpeopletakingpartinfitnessactivities_46_from41.7millionin1991toonly32millionin1993.Among

highschoolstudents,only37percent_47_threetimesperweek.However,70percentofteenagerswatchatleastan

hourofTVeveryday,and38percentwatchoverthreehours.Asaresult,the_48_Americangainedeightpounds

duringthe1980's.Atleastone-thirdofAmericansweigh20percentmorethantheiridealweight.

Still,bymany_49_,Americansenjoygoodhealth.MedicalcareintheUnitedStates,whileexpensive,is

amongthebestintheworld.TheU.S.Government_50_strictfoodinspectionstoensurethatfoodisofthehighest

quality.Foodproducersmustlabelproductsaccurately.Manyresources,suchasmagazines,TVprogramsandeventhe

Internet,allowpeopletofindouthowtoimprovetheirhealth.Americansknowhowtomakethemselvesmorehealthy.

Theyjustneedtodoit.

key：DHAGEFIBKC

一、H■"一選十基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、選詞填空的特點(diǎn)

1）文章不會(huì)太長(zhǎng)（300詞左右）：一般來(lái)說(shuō)第一句是文章主題句并且不設(shè)空；一般每隔15—30個(gè)詞會(huì)有一個(gè)空；

空與空之間有完整意群。

2）方框中詞匯難度不高，文章難度要略低于閱讀理解難度。實(shí)際上是將詞匯的使用和閱讀緊密結(jié)合的一種題

型。

2、選詞填空的考點(diǎn)

1）詞匯方面以實(shí)詞為主也就是指名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。

2）語(yǔ)法方面考察詞性之間關(guān)系和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力。

3）邏輯方面考察上下文聯(lián)系。

3、解題點(diǎn)撥：

1）最關(guān)鍵要改變孤立記憶單詞的不良學(xué)法，做到詞不離句，句不離篇，做到詞匯的情景使用。

2）不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文銜接和本句的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

3）要專(zhuān)門(mén)記憶些高頻詞匯，比如：constantly,alternative之類(lèi)。

4）要注意積累“一詞多義”、“一詞多性”和“熟詞生義”的用法。

二、十一選十解題思路

第一步：詳讀選項(xiàng)，詞分類(lèi)

選項(xiàng)中的11個(gè)詞是考查的關(guān)鍵，考生應(yīng)該詳細(xì)的理解這11個(gè)單詞。熟悉的單詞標(biāo)明詞性和詞義，不熟悉的單

詞或者不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞只需標(biāo)明詞性，然后根據(jù)名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四大類(lèi)按規(guī)律排列在試卷上。這樣做

考生就可以不再是11選1了，只要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系或者語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)候可以是3選1甚至2選1,

縮小了選擇的范圍，降低了試題的難度。

注意：

1.動(dòng)詞分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)去分詞

有兩種可能性（形容詞和動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）,無(wú)法確定時(shí)標(biāo)問(wèn)號(hào)、

2.不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞要看后綴。構(gòu)詞法中，前綴區(qū)分意思，后綴區(qū)分詞性。所以看詞尾往往能大致分出詞性。詞性無(wú)法

確定的，暫時(shí)擱置。

3.做出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記。在英文中有的單詞不只有一個(gè)詞性，比如大家常見(jiàn)的visit,access,叩proach,challenge,

change等就即有名詞詞性又有動(dòng)詞詞性。這時(shí)兩個(gè)都要標(biāo)出來(lái)。

5.以-ing或-ed結(jié)尾的詞既可能是動(dòng)詞，也可能是由現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變而成的形容詞。

例如：sleeping“Sheissleeping.”中就是動(dòng)詞。而在“sleepingbeauty”中就是形容詞。建議同學(xué)們?cè)诠┻x擇的詞旁

將兩種詞性都標(biāo)注上，答題時(shí)以動(dòng)詞為首選進(jìn)行判斷。

第二步：略讀全文，定中心

考生拿到題目以后，由于考查考生對(duì)篇章的理解，應(yīng)該略讀整篇文章，確定文章的中心或主要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題。文

章大概在220詞-250詞左右，用1分鐘左右的時(shí)間略讀即可。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主題詞或主

題。和完型填空一樣，一般文章第一句不設(shè)空格，以便讓考生知道本文的相關(guān)主題詞或主題。在此，建議大家

使用略讀的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。

第三步：瞻前顧后，靈活選

詞性分類(lèi)之后，回到原文中，根據(jù)原文中空格的前后單詞或者前后語(yǔ)句確定所要填的詞性，然后從分類(lèi)好的單

詞中選擇出詞性、意思、語(yǔ)法都符合要求的最佳選項(xiàng)。首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)確認(rèn)可以被填入此空的詞性，然后

按第一步中標(biāo)注出的詞性進(jìn)行篩選，最后將備選詞逐個(gè)代入空中細(xì)讀句意，考慮上下問(wèn)邏輯關(guān)系做出選擇。

第四步：復(fù)核檢查，定結(jié)果

篇章詞匯理解題目類(lèi)似于完型填空，這需要考生不僅要迅速的確定答案，還要在確定答案之后迅速的復(fù)查。檢

查上下文是否通順、上下文的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確、文章的意思是否出現(xiàn)偏差等等，復(fù)查無(wú)誤后即可確定為最后

答案。

三、“十一選十”選詞填空解題技巧

(-)判斷詞性的技巧

前面提到的“瞻前顧后”就是需要考生根據(jù)空格的前后來(lái)決定所填詞的詞性以及應(yīng)填的正確選項(xiàng)，我們可以根據(jù)

一些簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)確定答案。應(yīng)該說(shuō)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是解詞匯理解題的基礎(chǔ)。

1.確定空格為名詞

(1)a/an/the+n.,adj.+n.,vt.+n.,即空格處前面為冠詞、形容詞或者及物動(dòng)詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞；

(2)n.+v.,即空格處后面是動(dòng)詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入該動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)(名詞)；

(3)prep.+n.,即空格處前面是介詞的，空格處充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，用填入一個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

2.確定空格為動(dòng)詞

(1)n./pron.vt.n./pron”即空格前面已有名詞/代詞作主語(yǔ)，后面又有名詞/代詞作為動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，空格處應(yīng)為及

物動(dòng)詞；

(2)n./pron.vi.,即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，空格處應(yīng)填不及物動(dòng)詞：

(3)n./pron.vi.adv./prep.,即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，空格處后面是副詞/介詞，空格處應(yīng)填入不及物動(dòng)詞，與

副詞/介詞構(gòu)成固定搭配；

(4)n./pron.linkv./be.adj.,即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，后面是形容詞，空格處應(yīng)填入系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞；

(5)tov.,即空格處前有不定式標(biāo)志to,空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形；另一種情況to是介詞，后面應(yīng)填入動(dòng)名詞。

3.確定空格為形容詞

(1)adj.+n.或n.+adj.,即空格處前面或者后面為名詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞；

(2)adv.+adj.,即空格處前面是副詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞；

(3)link/bev.+adj?即空格處前面是系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞作表語(yǔ)。

4.確定空格為副詞

(1)adv.+v.或v.+adv.,即空格處前面或者后面為動(dòng)詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入副詞;

(2)adv.+adj.,即空格處后面是形容詞的，空格處應(yīng)填入副詞。

(-)利用邏輯關(guān)系詞確定答案

在篇章詞匯理解題目中，文章的邏輯關(guān)系對(duì)于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的邏輯關(guān)系通過(guò)一些邏輯關(guān)

系詞體現(xiàn)的，考生可以通過(guò)邏輯關(guān)系詞來(lái)確定出一些答案。

常見(jiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系詞如下：

(1)并列關(guān)系：and.or,aswellas等

(2)對(duì)比關(guān)系：but,however,onthecontrary,ratherthan等

(3)比較關(guān)系：as...as,like,similar等

(4)因果關(guān)系：because,for,since,asaresultof,therefore,thus等

(5)舉例關(guān)系：forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon等

(6)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and,whafsmore,moreover,inaddition等

(三)比較填詞

將詞性分類(lèi)后，如何確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確答案呢？這就需要考生進(jìn)行選項(xiàng)間的比較，比較同詞性的詞匯哪一個(gè)

是最佳答案。這里提示考生可以通過(guò)詞義判斷(即通過(guò)同詞性詞匯的中文意思是否符合文章的整體意思，由此

判斷是不是最合適的選項(xiàng))和邏輯判斷(即根據(jù)文章的邏輯順序和邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，確定同詞性的詞匯中的哪個(gè)是最佳

答案)兩種方法確定答案。這里還要提示考生，填入一個(gè)詞就劃掉一個(gè)，為下面的選詞縮小范圍。

高三英語(yǔ)一模選詞填空高頻詞匯編

＞選項(xiàng)高頻詞匯:

名詞：distinction,credit,feasibility,rating,belief,bubble,site,stocks,impact,effort,end,say,right,exercise,signal,

contrast,uprising,approaches,product,capability,willingness,priority,

figure,interaction,rate,researcher,impression,present,goer,reveal,consumer,combination,sheet,reject,chemical,damage,se

tting,measurement,astronomy,civilization,independence,blackouts,process,consequences,concern,furniture,

fame,suggestions,process,reactions,mechanism,eyebrow,selection,sympathy,treats

動(dòng)詞：polish,shift,fulfill,signal,interpret,encounter,illustrate,compliment,undergo,encourage,shrink,satisfy,

stocks,impact,end,say,vote,elect,protest,exercise,declared,survive,individualized,advocated,dominated,

apart,features,captured,inhabited,matters,ranks,figure,acknowledging,drain,stress,convincing,coupled,head,

target,suggest,score,overeat,rate,present,interpret,reveal,sheet,reject,heal,imitate,damage,set,altered,defined,

dominated,bordered,exploded,fascinated,stretched,upsetting,generated,resulting,developed,completed,fixed,

analyzed,applied,limited,assessing,test,achieve,directed,raising,eliminate,characterized,filmed,dropped,

treats

形容詞：deliberate,dependent,subjective,innovative,invasive,common,equal,inseparable,original,spectacular,

depressing,tricky,loyal,academic,tense,precious,previous,presented,sheet,flexible,chemical,severe,similar,

monetary,astonishing,estimated,constant,effective,common,combining,commercial,inadequate,immediate,

sensitive,confident,domesticated

副詞：occasionally,continuously,previously,preciously,presently,notably,significantly,supposedly,frequently,

luxuriously,currently,potentially,necessarily,remarkably,invariably,eventually,softly,tremendously,actually,

repeatedly,potentially,commonly

A一詞多性:]

credit,shift,signal,encounter,compliment,bubble,stock,impact,exercise,end,say,right,signal,ranks,couple,head,

target,score,loyal,figure,academic,drain,stress,tense,rate,present,chemical,damage,process,astonishing,

estimated,upsetting,test,commercial,process,treats

>一詞多義:

credit,polish,subjective,stock,impact,shrink,encourage,common,end,say,right,declared,approaches,couple,head,

target,capability,score,tricky,figure,academic,drain,stress,tense,convince,rate,impression,present,interpret,

reveal,sheet,severe,invariably,bordered,developed,fixed,generated,applied

活用及固定搭配實(shí)例分析:

一詞多性:

例1:

虹口一模：

Inaworldwhere____31____isgivenforpeople'saccomplishments,failingfeelsdangerous.

解析1：credit在此處譯為“聲望”名詞，decline還有動(dòng)詞：相信，信任等義項(xiàng)及名詞信用，信譽(yù)；學(xué)分；信任

等意思。

例2：

虹口一模：

Butwhenyou___34___yourthinking,youwillprobablyseewhatyoucancontrol-yourbehavior,yourplanning,

yourreactions-andchangethem.

解析2：shift在此處譯為“轉(zhuǎn)變”動(dòng)詞，shift還有名詞：移動(dòng)；變化；手段；輪班等義項(xiàng)。

例3：

虹口一模:

Thereisawaytodistinguishwhetherafailure___39___youtodoubledownorwalkaway,saysHalvorson.

解析3：signal在此處譯為“標(biāo)志”動(dòng)詞，signal還有名詞：信號(hào)；暗號(hào)；導(dǎo)火線等義項(xiàng)。

例4：

松江一模：

Andit,sasituationmanyonlineusers___37___onadailybasis.

解析4：encounter在此處譯為“遭遇”動(dòng)詞，encounter還有名詞：遭遇，偶然碰見(jiàn)等義項(xiàng)。

例5：

松江一模：

Awoman___40___howgreatitis,howgreathergreatpricesareandhowthelemonsauceissogreat,

解析5：compliment在此處譯為“恭維；稱(chēng)贊”動(dòng)詞，encounter還有名詞：恭維：稱(chēng)贊；問(wèn)候；致意：道賀

等義項(xiàng)。

例6：

松江一模：

fromhousing___31___togoldpricesandfrompoliticalpollstorestaurantreviews,thebeliefthatotherpeoplelike

somethinghasapowerfulabilitytomakepeoplelikeitthemselves.

解析6：bubble在此處譯為“氣泡，泡沫”名詞，bubble還有動(dòng)詞：使冒泡；滔滔不絕地說(shuō)等義項(xiàng)。

例7：

青浦一模：

Teapickersarealsofeelingthe____36____ofclimatechange.

解析1：impact在此處譯為“影響”為名詞，stress還有動(dòng)詞詞性：有“撞擊；沖突”等義項(xiàng)。

例8：

寶山一模：

Theybelievedthattheyshouldhavea(n)(34)____intheirgovernment'sleaders.

解析1：say在此處譯為“發(fā)言權(quán)”，為名詞，say還有動(dòng)詞，有“說(shuō)”的義項(xiàng)。

例9：

閔行一模：

Thesedifferencesmayseemslight,butthey32theappearanceofanewgeneration.

解析1：signal在此處譯“用信號(hào)通知"，signal還有名詞：信號(hào)的意思。

例10：

奉賢一模：

It38amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK.

解析：ranks在此處譯為“排名為動(dòng)詞，rank還有名詞：等級(jí)，列隊(duì)的意思

例11：

楊浦一模：

Forexample,someonewhopressuresyoutosomethingyou'renotcomfortabledoingwill___37

youout.

解析1：stress在此處譯為“使承受壓力”動(dòng)詞，stress還有名詞：壓力義項(xiàng)。

例12：

金山一模：

ANewYorkUniversitystudylastyearfoundthatpeoplewholovedEminem'sLoseYourselfandJustinBieber's

WhatDoYouMean?weremorelikelyto_31highlyonthepsychopathyscalethanpeoplewhowereintoDire

Straits.

解析1：score在此處譯為“得分”動(dòng)詞，score還有名詞：分?jǐn)?shù)，得分等義項(xiàng)。

例13：

崇明一模：

Customerswereaskedto34howgoodthefoodtasted,thequalityoftherestaurantandtoleavetheir

names.

解析1：rate在此處譯為“評(píng)價(jià)”，為動(dòng)詞，rate還有名詞：速度；比率；價(jià)格。

例14：

崇明一模：

Inatn）40study,scientistsfromtheuniversityshowedthatpeoplewhoeatindimlightingconsume175

lessca/ories（卡路里）thanpeoplewhoeatinbrightlylitareas.

解析2：precious在此處譯為“先前的"，為形容詞，precious還有副詞：在先。

例15：

崇明一模:

However,thescientistssaidthatbothgroupsatearoundthesamequantityoffoodintotal,accordingto

thestudy37attheExperimentalBiologymeetingthisweek.

解析3：presem在此處譯為“描述”，為動(dòng)詞，present還有名詞：目前，現(xiàn)在；形容詞：在座的。

例16：

靜安一模：

Todaynewtechnologyhasbeendevelopedbygrowing39ofskintakenfromthepatientorother

humans.

解析4：sheet在此處譯為“薄片”,為名詞，sheet還有動(dòng)詞:覆蓋;形容詞：片狀。

例17：

靜安一模：

Suchcellsoftendonotstimulatethebody'simmunesystem-amechanismthatallowsbabiestodevelop

withintheirmother'sbody-andhencearemuchlesslikelytobe40bythepatient'sbody.

解析5：reject在此處譯為“排斥”，為動(dòng)詞，reject還有名詞：廢品，次品。

例18：

靜安一模：

SomecompanieslikeL'Orealhavealreadyusedartificialskintotestmany38ingredientsandproducts.Other

researchapplicationsincludehowskinisaffectedbyUVexposureandhowcertainsubstancesinsunscreenand

medicinesaretransportedthroughskin.

解析6：chemical在此處譯為“化學(xué)的"，為形容詞，chemical還有名詞：化學(xué)品。

例19：

長(zhǎng)寧一模：

Itwasasdramaticasthunderstorm,yetcalm.Gentle,yet33.

解析：astonishing在此處譯為“令人驚訝的“形容詞，astonishing還有動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞等義項(xiàng)。

例20：

Alargesolarstormin1989causeda10-hourelectricalblackoutoverCanada'sQuebecProvince,costingtheeconomy

a(n)_38___C$10billion.

解析：estimated在此處譯為“預(yù)估的，估計(jì)的“形容詞，estimated還有過(guò)去分詞等義項(xiàng)。

例21：

Satellites'electronicsareaffectedordamagedbyincomingfastparticles,____36____industriesthatrelyonthem.

解析：upsetting在此處譯為“令人心煩意亂的”現(xiàn)在分詞，upsetting還有動(dòng)名詞、形容詞等義項(xiàng)。

例22：

嘉定一模：

thestudyisoneofthefirstto_32—thisageassumption.

解析1：test在此處譯為“檢測(cè)”動(dòng)詞，test還有名詞：測(cè)試的意思

例23：

普陀一模：

Thefirst(38)productcameoutin1988andprovedahitamongcarmanufacturers

解析1：commercial在此處譯為“商業(yè)的”形容詞，commercial還有名詞：商業(yè)廣告的意思

?一詞多義:

例1：

虹口一模：

Inpursuitofsuccess,failureexposesareasthatyouneedto___37___.

解析1：polish在此處譯為“改進(jìn)”,polish還有磨光,使發(fā)亮等義項(xiàng)。

例2：

松江一模：

Insituationswheretherearemore___35___newsreviews,youhavetobealittlemorecautiousaboutinterpreting

likesanddislikes.

解析1：subjective在此處譯為“主觀的"，polish還有個(gè)人的；自覺(jué)的等義項(xiàng)。

例3：

青浦一模：

Accordingtoastudy,scientistspredictedthatifover-fishingandrisingtemperaturetrendscontinuedattheirpresent

rate,theworld'sseafood____40___wouldrunoutbytheyear2050.

解析1：stocks在此處譯為“庫(kù)存;儲(chǔ)存量"，stock還有“股份；血統(tǒng);樹(shù)干”等義項(xiàng)。

例4：

寶山一模：

Inmanycountries,therighttoholdpoliticalofficecamealongwiththerighttovote.Andwomenhave(39)___that

right.

解析1：exercise在此處譯為“實(shí)行；運(yùn)用”的意思，它一般還有“鍛煉；練習(xí)”等義項(xiàng)。

例5：

閔行一模：

thisyoungergroupwassoevidenttopsychologistLarryRosenthathehas34thebirthofanewgenerationinanew

book,

解析1：declared在此處譯為“宣布"，declare還有斷言和申報(bào)等意思。

例6：

奉賢一模：

Itwasaday'smarchfromtheTowerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern33tothecapital.

解析：approach在此處譯為“入口，通路"，approach還有方法，接近等意思。

例7：

金山一模：

Overthepastfewyears,Spotifyhasbeenenhancingitsdataanalytic_32_inanattempttohelp

marketers_33_consumerswithadvertstailoredtothemoodthey'rein.

解析1：capability在此處譯為“能力”，capability還有才能,容量,性能,生產(chǎn)率等義項(xiàng)。

例8：

楊浦一模：

Itmaybewithsomebodywhowill___32___yourenergywheneveryouarewiththem.

解析1：drain在此處譯為“耗盡”，drain還有排水，流干，喝光等義項(xiàng)。

例9：

崇明一模：

Customerswereaskedto34howgoodthefoodtasted,thequalityoftherestaurantandtoleavetheir

names.

解析1：rate在此處譯為“評(píng)價(jià)”，還有“評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)”之意。

例10：

崇明一模：

Theexpertsthinkthatpeopletendtoassociatecostwithqualityandthischangestheir32ofhowfood

tastes.

解析2：impression在此處譯為“印象”，還有“影響；效果；感想”之意。

例11：

崇明一模：

However,thescientistssaidthatbothgroupsatearoundthesamequantityoffoodintotal,accordingto

thestudy37attheExperimentalBiologymeetingthisweek.

解析3：present在此處譯為“描述”，還有“出現(xiàn)；顯示；提交”之意。

例12：

崇明一模：

BrianWansink,aprofessorofconsumerbehaviorattheuniversity,said:"Wewerefascinatedtofindthat

pricinghaslittleimpactonhowmuchoneeats,butahugeimpactonhowyou39theexperience.^^

解析4：interpret在此處譯為“說(shuō)明”，還有“詮釋?zhuān)豢谧g；把…理解為”之意。

例13：

崇明一模：

Theexperiment35thatthepeoplewhopaid$8forthefoodenjoyedtheirmeal11percentmorethanthosewhoate

the"cheaper"buffet.

解析5：reveal在此處譯為“揭示”，還有“透露；顯示；展示”之意。

例14：

靜安一模：

Todaynewtechnologyhasbeendevelopedbygrowing39ofskintakenfromthepatientorother

humans.

解析6：sheet在此處譯為“薄片”，還有“床單；報(bào)紙”之意。

例15：

靜安一模：

Suchtestingmaycause___36___painanddiscomforttotheanimalsanditdoesnotnecessarilypredicttheresponseof

humanskin.

解析7：severe在此處譯為“嚴(yán)重的”，還有“嚴(yán)厲的：極為惡劣的”之意。

例16：

黃浦一模:

Snakingthroughthedeserts,theNilewouldfloodalmost___32___eachyearinJune.

解析：invariably在此處譯為“總是"，invariably還有不變的，一定是等義項(xiàng)。

例17：

黃浦一模：

Slowlythecolorstwistedandbrokeandreappearedelsewhereuntil,suddenly,awholebandflowedandpulsedacross

thesky,____32withdelicateyellow,pinksandpurples.

解析：bordered在此處譯為“在--?上鑲邊”，border還有名詞邊界、國(guó)界，動(dòng)詞接近、與???接壤等義項(xiàng)。

例18：

普陀一模：

Afterayear,he(35)asystemwherelightwasshoneintoabottleofphotopolymer

解析1：develops在此處譯為“建立"，develop還有發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)等義項(xiàng)。

例19：

嘉定一模：

Theybelieves,forthegreatesteffect,interventionsneedtobe_31—earlyinlife

解析1：apply在此處譯為“應(yīng)用于“，apply還有申請(qǐng)等義項(xiàng)。

1.（選自上海市七寶中學(xué)5月質(zhì)量檢測(cè)卷）

A.indefinitelyB.mysteriousC.constantlyD.departureAB.concreteAC.bear

AD.addressBC.reunitedBD.assumeCD.inevitablyABC.interpretation

MyReflectiononJohnnieTo'sRunningon大堡佬）

RecentlyIhaveseenthefilmRunningonKarmaagain,acontroversialfilmthathaslongbeentakenasa

courageousattemptofJohnnieTo'sandalsoasignificant[41]fromhisotherworks.Those[42]

plotswhichusedtolimitmyunderstandingofthefilmnowstarttomakesense.ItjustfeelsasifIwere[43]

withanoldacquaintancewhom1oncemisunderstood.

Ifthereisonelinethatcanrepresentwhatlbreallywantsto[44]tohisaudience,itmustbethesaying

thatallbutone's切用3佛教用語(yǔ)：業(yè)）canbecastaway,which[45]叩pearsinthefilm.

Asthetheme'sfinishingtouch,notonlydoestheabovesayingrevealsome[46]thoughtshiddeninthe

film,butitalsothrowsalightonTo's[47]ofresponsibility.Karmameans“actordeed."Whatwassown

beforeisnowreaped.Butassowingalsotakesplaceinthepresent,it[48]involvesresponsibilitytowardsthe

future.Sincenothingcanbedonetoalterthepast,whatoneshouldbeconcernedaboutisnotyesterday'scause,but

howtosowhisorherkarmatoday-whichwill[49]fruittomorrow.

lbputitinanotherway,theideaofthefilmisthatnomatterwhatonehasdone,onceithasbeendone,itjust

becomeswaterunderthebridge.Sowhattrulymattersisto[50]theresponsibilityforthefuture,sincethatis

somethingonecanmakeadifferenceto.

Key:41-45DBBCADC46-50ABABCCDACBD

2.（中級(jí)英語(yǔ)）

A.arouseB.authorityC.awkwardD.complimentE.respect

T7.1_________1：____C___1_______JIT_____________▲T一：___1_1..T___________*.：____1_-TZ__________

Weallseeandhearaboutextraordinarypeoplearoundusandwonderwhycan'twebemorelikethem?It'snot

thebigthingsthatmakesomeoneextraordinary,butthesmallones.Herearesomeofthethingsextraordinarypeople

doeveryday:

1.They'reopentocriticism

Justbecauseyou'retheboss,doesn'tmeanyouarerighteverytime.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavethebestideas.

Learntobackupyourideasordecisionswithreason.Uselogictoexplainthings,not1..Bydoingthisyour

decisionsmight2.criticism,butyouwillalsogetanopportunitytoimprove.

2.Theyadmittheirmistakes

Myfriencfsbossmadeahugemistakebytyingupwithaneventmanagementcompany.Thewholepurposeof

thetie-upwastopromotehiscompanybutitfailed3..Insteadof4.hisideaandcarryingonas

ifnothinghappened,heapologizedtotheteamfornotincludingtheminthedecisionmaking.It'sOKtoadmityou

werewrong.Youwillnotonlygainthe5.ofyourteammates,youwillalsogaincredibility.

3.They'resensitivetoothers

Supposeyou6.someonebuttherecipientchangesthetopic.Itmaybebecauseheorsheis

uncomfortable.Similarly,whenyoufeel7.receivingapraiseoranaward,remainincontrolandgivethe

personinfrontofyouagenuinesmileandthankhimorher.Don'tmakethe8.sourbyactingonyour

insecurities.

4.Theyarehelpful

Neverhesitatetohelpsomeone.Don'tbenon-committal（態(tài)度不明的）andsaysomething9.like,t4Can

Ihelpyou?^^becausetheymightjustsay,"No,I'mgood."Bespecific."Ihadthesameproblemwiththiscoffee

machineinthemorning.IthinkIhavefiguredawaytomakeitwork."Offerinawaythatfeels10.beneficial.

Keys:BAIFEDCHKJ

3.交大附中

A.eventuallyB.processC.messageD.behavedE.psychologists

F.presentG.reactionsH.trialLconfrontedJ.naturallyK.experiments

Allbabiesarebomwithsomenaturalsmarts,butyoungsterslearnmoreabouttheworldwhenthisinnate

intelligenceischallenged,cognitive___41____AimeeandLisadiscoveredinastudypublishedrecentlyinjournal

Science.

Theresearcherstookbabieswhocouldnotyettalkthroughfourexperimentstoprovetheirtheory.Theytriedto

___42____thebabieswithsituationstheycouldpredict,aswellassomethatwereunexpected,andgaugedtheir

―43___.

Earlychildhoodisanimportantdevelopmentalperiodinaperson'slifebecauseinfantbrainsquicklyabsorband

44____reamsofinformation.Asmallchildwillpickupaforeignlanguageeasierandfasterthanateenageroran

adultwill.

“Whatissoexcitingaboutthisresearchisthatthe___45____toparentsandotheradultswhoarenurturing

youngchildren'sdevelopmentishowmuch,atsuchayoungage,theyareprocessingandproblemsolvingandfiguring

out,“Lernersaid.

WhattheHopkinspsychologistsdiscoveredaboutthebabiesisnodifferenlfromthewayadultlearn,Stahland

Lisawroteintheirpaper.Scientists,forinstance,thinkmoreintently,runmore___46____andtrytodevelopnew

theorieswhenrunningacrossanunusualorexpectedfinding.

Onewayresearchersstudiedthechildrenwasbyusingaballandawall.Theyrolledtheballdownarampand

towardthewall.Inone___47____,theballhitthewall,asababywould___48____expect.Intheother,theball

passedthroughahiddendoorinthewall,sparkingthebabics?inquisitiveness.

Theresponsebytheinfantswasnotreflexiveorautomatic,Stahlsaid,butacontemplativeattempttofigureout

whathappened.

Thefindingsshowthatwhen___49____withtheunexpected,babieslearnabouttheobjectbetter,explorethe

objectmoreandcomeupwiththeirownhypothesisforwhytheobject___50____inacertainway.

Keys:41-50EFGBCKHJ1D

4.七寶中學(xué)

A.communityB.serviceC.emotionalD.witnessedE.effortsF.Volunteered

G.importantH.ceremonyI.democraticJ.spiritK.obligation

StudentsHornor9/11ThroughVolunteering

InthedaysafterSept.11,2001,thousandspouredintoGroundZerotolendtheirhandsinoneofthelargest

recoveryeffortsinAmericanhistory.Now,12yearslater,collegesarefindingwaystochannelthesame_41_into

serviceprojectsintheirowncommunitiesonSeptember11th.

M9/l1issuchan_42_touchstoneforourcountry,Ithinkpeoplewanttofindwaystodosomething,and

studentsaswell/'saysKevinKruger,presidentofthestudentaffairsgroupNationalAssociationofStudentPersonnel

Administrators."Theideaofgivingsomethingbacktothe_43_tiesinwelltotheemotionalsignificanceofthat.*'

Thoughnocornerofthecountrywasuntouchedbytheterroristattacks,theyespeciallyrockedNewYork

Universityon9/11.LessthantwomilesfromGroundZero,students44___theplane-on-towerimpactfromtheir

dormrooms.Theuniversitycoordinatedsheltersandcounselinginthedaysafterward.

Becauseofthis,NYUpublicaffairsdirectorPhilipLentzsaysthevolunteerworkthestudentsdothisweekhas

a“specialrelevance.1'Studentstoday_45_atarescuemission,wrotecardsfortroopsandveteransandmade

donationsforthefamiliesofvictimsandfirstresponderson9/11.

“NYUfeelsithasaspecial_46—toofferthisserviceopportunitytostudentsthatareheresotheycangive

backtothecommunitythatwassodevastatedbytheattacks,"Lentzsays.

SimilardeedshavebeentakingplaceinGeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C..”Forthepastfive

yearsatGW,freshmenhaveboardedbusesimmediatelyaftertheirofficialwelcome_47inearlySeptemberto

headalloverthenation*scapitalandvolunteerin_48_thataidtheenvironment,education,veteransandcommunity

organizations,saysAmyCohen,theuniversity'sdirectorforcivicengagementandpublicservice..

MWehopethatstudentswilllearnthatcommunity_49_ispartofhowwebuildstrongcommunitiesanda

vibrant_50_society,'*Cohenwroteinane-mailtoUSATODAY.MWeaskstudentstoreflectonthetragedyof9/11

andtousethisdayasawaytodemonstratecivicengagementandcommunitybuilding."

Keys：41.CD42.C43.A44.D45.AC46.ABC47.BC48.AB49.B50.BD

5.延安高中

A.MentallyB.functionC.escapeD.proposedE.physicallyF.phenomenon

G.distractingH.subjectI.performJ.preservedK.Reflective

Lastmonth,25peoplediedand130wereinjuredinatraincrashnearLosAngeles.Thecausewasacellphone.In

threehoursofworkbeforethecrash,oneoftheengineersreceived28textmessagesandsent29more.Hesenthislast

message22secondsbeforeimpact,justafterpassingasignalthatwouldhavealertedhimtothedisasterahead.

Scientistscallthis41Hinattentionblindness".Themind,capturedbytheworldinsidethephone,becomes

blindtotheworldoutsideit.Millionsofpeoplemoveamongusinthishalf-absentstate.___42___,theyYelivingin

anotherworld.

Inmanyways,mobilephonesarewonderful.Throughthephone,youcan43theborderofyour

environment.Theproblemisthatphysically,you'restilllivinginthatenvironment.Likeothercreatures,you've

evolvedto44inthenaturalworld,onesettingatatime.Naturehasnevertestedaspecies'abilitytofunctionin

twoworldsatonce.

Sohowisthismultitaskingexperimentgoing?Notsowell.Inthenationwidesurvey,45percentofAmericanssaid

they'vebeenhitornearlyhitbyadriveronacellphone.Studiesshowthatthemoretasksyoudumpondrivers,the

worsethey45

Ourperformanceonthetwo-worldstest,likeallevolutionaryexperiments,canbemeasuredin-death.TheFederal

RailroadAdministrationreportssevencell-phone-relatedrailwayaccidentsinthelastthreeyears,fiveofthemfatal.

Today,we'reso46tomobiledevicesthatwerelyonthemeventotranslatethephysicalworld.Misledby

withGlobalPositioningSystemdevices,peoplearedrivingcarsintorivers,trees,andsandpiles.Twicethisyearin

BedfordHills,N.Y.,drivershavecausedtraincrashesbysteeringontothetrackbecausetheirGPSmistookitforaroad.

Warningsigns,pavementmarkings,and___47___train-signalmasts（柱子）failedtostopthem.Theytrustedthe

dashboard（儀表盤(pán)）,notthewindshield（擋風(fēng)玻璃）.

Ifwedon'twantthistwo-worldsexperimenttoberegulatednature'sway,thenwedbetterregulate'itourselves.

Hereareafew48rulesoftheroad.Multitaskingisagloriousgift.Wecan'tbanit,norshouldwe.Wanttophone

yourspouseoryourofficewhilewalking?Fine.Theonlylifeatstakeisyours.Wanttoturnonyourcarradioormusic

player?Fine.Listeningiseasierthantalking,andyoucanmentallyor___49___shutitoffwhennecessary.Wantto

chatwifeyourpassenger?Fineagain.Studiesindicatethatpassengerconversationsareless___50___thanphone