neuroradiology 參考文獻(xiàn)引用

neuroradiology參考文獻(xiàn)引用

Neuroradiology:AdvancingImagingTechniquesforNeurologicalDisorders

Introduction:

Neuroradiologyisasubspecialtyofradiologythatfocusesonthediagnosisandtreatmentofdiseasesaffectingthecentralnervoussystem(CNS)anditssupportingstructures.Itutilizesvariousimagingtechniquestovisualizeandstudythebrain,spinalcord,andotherneuralstructures.Thisarticleaimstoprovideanoverviewoftheroleofneuroradiologyindiagnosingandmanagingneurologicaldisorders,highlightingrecentadvancesinimagingtechniques.

DiagnosticImagingModalities:

Neuroradiologyemploysarangeofimagingmodalitiestoenableaccuratediagnosisandtreatmentplanning.TheseincludeMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI),ComputedTomography(CT),PositronEmissionTomography(PET),andSingle-PhotonEmissionComputedTomography(SPECT).EachmodalityoffersuniqueadvantagesforvisualizingdifferentaspectsoftheCNS,allowingradiologiststoassessbrainstructure,function,andbloodflowinvariouspathologicalconditions.

MRIinNeuroradiology:

MRIisanessentialtoolinneuroradiologyduetoitshighspatialresolutionandabilitytodifferentiatebetweendifferentsofttissuesintheCNS.Itprovidesdetailedimagesofbrainanatomy,aidinginthedetectionofabnormalitiessuchastumors,strokes,andmultiplesclerosislesions.AdvancedMRItechniques,suchasfunctionalMRI(fMRI)anddiffusiontensorimaging(DTI),offerinsightsintobrainfunctionandstructuralconnectivity,enablingtheassessmentofneurologicaldisordersandneurosurgicalplanning.

CTinNeuroradiology:

ComputedTomography(CT)playsacrucialroleinemergencysettings,asitcanquicklyprovidedetailedimagesofthebrainandspine.Itsabilitytodetectacutehemorrhages,fractures,andotherlife-threateningconditionsmakesitaninvaluabletoolintraumacases.Additionally,CTangiographyallowsvisualizationofbloodvesselsanddetectionofvascularmalformationsandaneurysms,aidinginthediagnosisandtreatmentplanningforcerebrovasculardisorders.

PETandSPECTinNeuroradiology:

PositronEmissionTomography(PET)andSingle-PhotonEmissionComputedTomography(SPECT)aremolecularimagingtechniquesthatprovidefunctionalinformationaboutbrainmetabolismandbloodflow.Theyareparticularlyusefulinassessingbraintumors,epilepsy,andneurodegenerativediseases.PETtracers,suchasfluorodeoxyglucose(FDG),canhelpdifferentiatebetweenbenignandmalignantbrainlesions,guidingtreatmentdecisions.SPECTimagingwithradiopharmaceuticals,liketechnetium-99mHMPAO,enableslocalizationofepilepticfoci,aidinginsurgicalplanningforpatientswithdrug-resistantepilepsy.

AdvancesinNeuroradiology:

Neuroradiologyhaswitnessedsignificantadvancementsinimagingtechniques,enablingmoreaccurateandprecisediagnosisofneurologicaldisorders.Onesuchadvancementistheuseofadvancedpost-processingtechniques.Imagingsoftwareallowsforthree-dimensionalreconstructionofimagingdata,improvingthevisualizationofcomplexanatomicalstructuresandaidinginsurgicalplanning.Additionally,thedevelopmentofhybridimagingsystems,suchasPET/MRIandSPECT/CT,providestheadvantagesofbothmodalitiesinasingleexamination.

Anotherexcitingareaofadvancementistheapplicationofartificialintelligence(AI)andmachinelearninginneuroradiology.AIalgorithmscananalyzelargevolumesofimagingdata,assistinginthedetectionandclassificationofbrainlesionsandabnormalities.Theycanalsopredicttreatmentresponseandpatientoutcomes,potentiallyrevolutionizingpersonalizedmedicineinneurology.

Conclusion:

Neuroradiologyplaysavitalroleinthediagnosisandmanagementofvariousneurologicaldisorders.Withthecontinuousevolutionofimagingtechniques,includingMRI,CT,PET,andSPECT,neuroradiologistshaveapowerfultoolboxtoevaluatebrainstructure,function,andbloodflow.Recentadvancesinpost-processingtechniques,hybridimagingsystems,andtheintegrationofAIfurtherenhancetheaccuracyandefficiencyofneuroradiology.Bycombiningradiologicalexpertisewithstate-of-the-arttechnology,neuroradiologistsareattheforefrontofunravelingthemysteriesofthecentralnervoussystem,ultimatelyleadingtoimprovedpatientcare.

References:

1.SmirniotopoulosJG,MurphyFM.RadiologyReferenceArticle:Introductiontoneuroradiology.Radiopaedia.2021.

2.MairR,SchroederC,TaylorMD.Multimoda