初高中英語(yǔ)銜接教學(xué)專題之英語(yǔ)句子成分分析

12024-02-02初高中英語(yǔ)銜接教學(xué)專題之英語(yǔ)句子成分分析目錄contentsOverviewofBasicSentenceStructuresinEnglishTheroleofnounclausesinsensesTheapplicationofattributiveclausesincomplexpresencestructuresTheuseofadultclaimsinexpressinglogicalrelationships目錄contentsTheuseofsubjunctionmoodinspecificsensepatternsOmitting,Inverting,andEmphasizingStructuralAnalysisLinkingteachingstrategiesandpracticalsuggestions301OverviewofBasicSentenceStructuresinEnglishDefinitionThesubjectisthedoorsteporexperienceroftheactionexpressedbytheverb,whilethepredicateisthepartofthepresencethatexpressestheactionorstateofbeingExamplesInthepresenceof"Johnruns,""John"isthesubjectand"runs"isthepredicateImportanceinlinkingteachingUnderstandingthesubjectpredicaterelationshiphelpsstudentsidentifythemainactorsandactionsinasense,whichiscriticalforcomprehendingmorecomplexsensesandtextsSubjectpredictrelationship010203DefinitionTheobjectisthereceiveroftheactionexpressedbytheverbTherearedifferenttypesofobjects,includingdirectobjects,indirectobjects,andobjectsofpositionsExamplesInthepresence"MaryhasJohnabook,""abook"isthedirectobjectand"John"istheindirectobjectImportanceinlinkingteachingDistinguishingbetweendifferenttypesofobjectshelpsstudentsunderstandtherelationshipsbetweentheactorsandactionsinasense,whichisessentialforgraphingthemeaningofthepresenceasawholeObjectanditstypesAdverbialsarephasesorclaimsthatmodifyverbs,objections,orotheradvertisements,providingadditionalinformationaboutthetime,place,Manner,orconditionoftheactionorstatedescribedbytheverbInthepresenceof"Johnrunsquickly,""quickly"isanadaptivemodifyingtheverb"runs."Advancementsaddwealthandcontexttosenses,helpingstudentsunderstandthecirculationssurroundingtheactionorstatedescribedbytheverbRecognizingandunderstandingadvertisementsiscrucialforcomprehendingmorecomplextextsDefinitionExamplesImportanceinlinkingteachingTheFunctionandPositionofAdvantagealsImportanceinlinkingteaching:ComprehensiveandapparentphrasesprovideadditionalinformationthathelpsstudentsunderstandthefullmeaningofasentenceRecognizingandunderstandingthesephrasesisessentialforcomprehendingmorecomplexsensesandtextsDefinition:Comprehensivephasesarephasesorclausesthatcompletethemeaningofasubjectorobject,whileapparentphasesarephasesorclausesthatrenameordescribeanounorpronouninmoredetailExamples:Inthepresenceof"John,atalentedattack,won'ttherace,""atalentedattack"isanapparentphrasedescribingJohninmoredetailInthepresence"Johnishappy,""happy"isacompletephrasecompletingthemeaningofthesubject"John."Comprehensiveandaffectivephrases302TheroleofnounclausesinsensesAsthesubjectofthepresence,thesubjectclauseperformstheactionorstateexpressedbytheverbItoftenbeginswithwordssuchas"what,""who,""who,""who,""who,""who,""which,""whatever,""whoever,"or"which."Example:Whathesaidwasinteresting(Thesubjectclause"Whathesaid"isthesubjectofthesentence.)SubjectClauseItcanbeintroducedbyverbssuchas"know,""think,""believe,""hope,""wish,""understanding,"etcExample:Iknowthatsheiscoming(Theobjectclause"thatsheiscoming"istheobjectoftheverb"know.")TheobjectclausefunctionsastheobjectofaverborapositioninasenseObjectClauseThepredictiveclausefunctionsasthesubjectcompletionortheobjectcompletioninasenseItcompletesthemeaningofthesubjectorobjectbyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutitExample:Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveenoughmoney(Thepredictiveclause"thatwedon'thaveenoughmoney"isthecompletionofthesubject"Theproblem.")PredictiveClauseExample:Myfriend,wholivesinParis,iscomingtovisitmeTheapparentclauseisanounclausethatrenamesordescribesanothernounornounphraseinthesentenceItissetofffromtherestofthepresencebycommasorparentsandprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthenowitdescriptionsAppeositiveClause303TheapplicationofattributiveclausesincomplexpresencestructuresAttributiveClauseAclausethatfunctionsasanobjective,modifyinganounorpronouninasenseRelativePronounsPronounssuchas"who,""who,""who,""which,""that,"and"which"thatintroduceattributeclausesExample"Themanwhoisstandingoverthereismyteacher."Inthispresence,"whoisstandingoverthere"istheattributeclausemodifying"theman."BasicConceptsofAttributiveClauseandIntroductionofRelativePronunsClaimsthatprovideessentialinformationaboutthenountheymodify,withoutwhichthemeaningofthepresencewouldchangeRestrictiveClaimsClaimsthatprovideadditional,nonessentialinformationaboutthenountheymodify,andwhichareseparatedfromthemainclausebycommasNonrestrictiveClaims"Thestudentswhoarestudyingfortheexamareverybusy."(Restrictive)"Myroom,whoisfromFrance,speaksfluentFrench."(Nonrestrictive)ExampleThedifferencebetweenrestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclausesRecognition01IdentifyingattributiveclausesbylookingforrelevantpronunciationsandunderstandingtheirfunctioninthepresenceComprehension02UnderstandingtheroleoftheattributiveclauseinmodifyingthemeaningofthenounitdescribesandhowitattributestotheoverallmeaningofthepresenceStrategies03Readingcomplexsensesslowlyandcarefully,identifyingthemainclauseandtheattributiveclause(s),andunderstandinghowtheyarerelatedRecognitionandcomprehensionofattributiveclausesincomplexpresencestructures304TheuseofadultclaimsinexpressinglogicalrelationshipsCommonintroductionwordswhen,while,as,after,before,since,until,assoonas,themoment,etcUsageTimeadvisoryclaimsareusedtoexpressthetimerelationshipbetweenthemainclaimandthesubborderclaimForexample,"Whendidyoudrive?"means"Atwhattimedidyoudrive?"Inthissense,"when"introducesatimeadvisoryclausePositioninasenseTimeadvisoryclausescanappearatthebeginning,middle,orendofasense,dependingonthecontextandemphasisofthespeakerIntroductionwordsandusageoftimeadaptiveclausesCommonintroductionwordsif,less,providedthat,aslongas,incase,onconditionthat,etcUsageConditionaladvisoryclaimsareusedtoexpressconditionsorsupportsForexample,"Ifitrains,wewillstayathome."Inthispresence,"if"introducesaconditionaladvisoryclauseTypesofconditionsTherearethreetypesofconditions:zerocondition(alwaystrue),firstcondition(possible),andsecondcondition(possibleorcontemporarytofact)ConditionaladvisoryclaimsexpressconditionalrelationshipsTypesofadvisoryclaimssuchascause,result,andpurposeintroducedbywordssuchasinorderthat,sothat,to,forthepurposeof,etc.TheyexpressthepurposeorintentionoftheactionorstateinthemainclausePurposeadvisoryclausesintroducedbywordssuchasbecause,as,since,for,dueto,owingto,etc.TheyexpressthereasonorcausefortheactionorstateinthemainclauseCauseadvisoryclausesintroducedbywordssuchassothat,sothat,withtheresultthat,etc.TheyexpresstheresultorsequenceoftheactionorstateinthemainclauseResultadvisoryclauses305TheuseofsubjunctionmoodinspecificsensepatternsPleaseenteryourcontentTheuseofsubjunctionmoodinspecificsensepatterns306Omitting,Inverting,andEmphasizingStructuralAnalysisInEnglishsenses,somecomponentsareoftencommittedtoavoidrepetitionorforothergraphicalreasonsThiscommissioncanoccurinvariouspresencepatterns,suchassimplepresence,complexpresence,andcomplexpresenceOmittingPhenomenonThecommissionofpresencecomponentsfollowscertainrulesandpatternsForexample,personalpronunciations,auxiliaryverbs,andcertainpreparatoryphrasesarecommonlycommittedinconversationandinformationwritingInaddition,thecommissionofverbphrasesandclausesubjectsisalsocommonincertaincontextsLawsofOmittingSummaryofOmittingPhenomenonandItsLawsTypesofInvertedStructure:InvertedstructuresinEnglishsensesmainlyincludesubjectverbinversion,partialinversion,andfullinversionSubjectverbinversionreferstotheswitchofthesubjectandverb'spositions,partialinversioninvolvesthemovementofcentralargumentsorpreliminaryphrasestothebeginningofthepresence,andfullinversionoccurswhentheentirepredicateverbphraseisplacedbeforethesubjectJudgmentMethod:Toidentifyaninvertedstructure,oneshouldlookforkeyindicatorssuchasadvertisementsorpreliminaryphrasesatthebeginningofthepresence,aswellasverbsorverbphrasesappearingbeforethesubjectAdditionally,oneshouldbeawareofthecommontypesofinversionandtheirgraphicalfunctionsTypeandjudgmentmethodofinvertedstructureUsageof"Itwas...