高中人教版英語必修四練習Unit4LearningaboutLanguage

Unit4BodylanguageLearningaboutLanguage語法精講·探究學習動詞ing形式作定語和狀語觀察上面對話,并類比填空:Whenhesawthechance,hebegantotakeaction.→Seeingthechance,hebegantotakeaction.

動詞ing形式可以在句中起修飾、限定名詞以及動詞的作用,所以可以作定語和狀語。一、動詞ing形式和作用1.動詞ing形式的基本形式如下:主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2.動詞ing形式在句中可以作主語、定語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。*Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.早睡早起被認為是一種好習慣。*Thepromisingfutureismoreencouragingthaneverbefore.未來充滿希望,前所未有地鼓舞人心。*Keepquiet.Don’twakeupthesleepingchildren.請安靜。不要吵醒睡覺的孩子們。動詞ing形式的一般式常表示該動作與句子謂語動作同時發(fā)生,而動詞ing形式的完成式則表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。語法填空。(1)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,making(make)airconditioningunnecessary.(2)Havingworked(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.

(3)Havinglived(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.

(4)Havingspent(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.

(5)Seeing(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.二、動詞ing形式作定語*Thefirefightersdashedintotheburningwoodstosavepeopletrappedinit.(前置定語)消防隊員沖進了正在燃燒的叢林,去營救被困人員。*Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.(后置定語)站在那里的那個男孩是我的一個同班同學。*Thebuildingbeingbuiltoverthereisourlibrary.(后置定語,強調(diào)“正在被建”)那里正在建造的大樓是我們的圖書館。如果一個及物動詞作定語,既要表達進行意味,又要表達被動意味時,可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)。語法填空。(1)Alittlechildlearning(learn)towalkoftenfalls.(2)Ican’tstandtheoldmantalking(talk)soloudlyinthelibrary.(3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasegoandwaitinthemeeting(meet)room.三、動詞ing形式作狀語1.作時間狀語。*Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.=Whenheheardthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.一聽到那個消息,他禁不住大笑起來。2.作原因狀語。*Notknowingheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertoeover.=AsIdon’tknowheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertoeover.由于不知道她的地址,我還是打讓她過來為好。3.作條件狀語。*Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,you’llsurelysucceed.如果努力工作,你就一定會成功。4.作結果狀語。*Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.=Thechildslippedandfell,andhithisheadagainstthedoor.那男孩滑了一跤,頭撞到了門上。5.作讓步狀語。*Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.=Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.盡管被告知了很多次,他還是沒把這些規(guī)定記住。6.作伴隨狀語。*Morrislayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.莫里斯躺在草地上,長時間地望著天空。*Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,cuttingthebranches.=Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,andcutthebranches.那個男孩坐在農(nóng)舍前砍樹枝。7.作方式狀語。*Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.他跑回來告訴我這個消息。動詞ing形式作狀語時,相當于與之對應的狀語從句,現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語一定和句子的主語保持一致。句型轉換(用非謂語動詞改寫句子)。(1)Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily,causinggreatdamage.

(2)Afterhehadeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.→Havingeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.

(3)Allnightlonghelayawakeandhethoughtoftheproblem.→Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.

8.動詞ing形式作狀語需注意的問題。①獨立主格。動詞ing形式作狀語,有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語,這種結構稱為獨立主格結構,通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況,也可以表示時間、原因或條件等。*Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.若條件有利,他或許能成功。*Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.開完會后我們都回家了。*Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.由于沒有公共汽車,我們只好走回家。*ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.由于是星期天,他們不用上課。②評論性狀語/懸垂分詞。有些動詞ing形式作狀語,在句中沒有邏輯上的主語而獨立存在,用來修飾主句,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等,被稱為評論性狀語或懸垂分詞。常見的有generally/strictly/franklyspeaking,judgingfrom,considering,supposing,providing等。*Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.一般來說,女孩比男孩對文學更感興趣。語法填空。(1)Anewtechniquehavingbeenworked(work)out,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

(2)Therearevariouskindsofmetals,eachhaving(have)itsownproperties.(3)Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourworknotbeingfinished(finish),wedeclinedtheoffer.

(4)Generallyspeaking(speak),mencanrunfasterthanwomen.課時檢測·素養(yǎng)達標Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Heoftencarefullywatchedthedoctorsintheoperating(operate)room.2.Notrealizing(realize)thathehadhurtShirley,Jordan3.Thosestudentshoping(hope)toenterthatuniversityshouldworkreallyhard.4.Being(be)morecareful,youcanmakefewermistakes.5.Doyourememberthenameofthegirlsitting(sit)nexttoyouintheoldphoto?6.Tomreceivedaphonecallfromhismothersaying(say)thatshewouldvisithimthisweekend.7.Theboywearing(wear)asadlooksaid,“Ican’tfindmyparents.”8.Thechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroom,talking(talk)aboutsomethinghappily.9.WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina,thenumberofforeignerslearning(learn)Chineseisgrowingallthetime.Ⅱ.用ing形式改寫下列句子1.Themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacherishisfather.→Themanspeakingtotheteacherishisfather.

2.Intheyearsthatfollowed,heworkedevenharder.→Inthefollowingyears,heworkedevenharder.3.Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.→Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.

4.Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.→Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.

5.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.→Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.

6.Thefirelastednearlyamonth,andleftnothingvaluable.→Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.

7.Althoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.→Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.

被領著參觀了工廠后,他們很高興。2.Respectinghisfather,hedidn’twanttoarguewithhim.

因為尊重他的父親,所以他不想和他爭論。3.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchacold.

被雨淋后他感冒了。4.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.

瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。5.Havinglivedinthevillageforyears,Iknoweveryonequitewell.

因為在這個村里住了很多年,所以我熟悉每個人。使用本單元所學詞匯及語法知識翻譯下列語段今天早上,我走在路上,看到兩個旅游者在看地圖。他們看起來像是迷路了。我走上前去,詢問他們是否需要幫助。他們說要去天壇。我把他們帶到車站,告訴他們坐20路車。他們非常感謝我。不久,車來了。我們揮手告別。看著他們上了車,我感到很欣慰。Thismorning,walkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap.Itseemedthattheywerelost.Iwentuptothem,askingwhethertheyneededanyhelp.TheytoldmetheywerelookingfortheTempleofHeaven.Leadingthemtothenearbybusstop,IadvisedthemtotakeBusNo.20.Theyappreciatedmyhelpverymuch.Beforelong,thebuscame.Wewavedgoodbyetoeachother.Seeingthemonthebus,Ifeltakindofsatisfaction課時素養(yǎng)評價十一Unit4LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.單句語法填空1.Havingselected(select)theproperpresent,theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.

2.Notknowing(know)whattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstoeback.3.Hearing(hear)thesignal,peopleranoutofthebuilding.4.Judging(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.5.Thedecisionhavingbeenmade(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.

6.Working(work)harderatEnglish,you’llmakegreaterprogress.7.Whenexploringthecave,theyfoundavaluablemineral.8.Itbeing(be)Sunday,manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtodophysicalexercises.9.Looking(look)outthroughthewindow,wesawbeautifulscenery.10.Thecaseshockedthepublic,causing(cause)ahotdebateoverhumannatureontheInternet.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Personallyspeaking,I’msatisfiedwithyourperformance.

就個人而言,我滿意你的表現(xiàn)。2.Thefilmstarintendedtoleavequickly,onlytobesurroundedbyhisfans.

這位影星想迅速離開,卻被他的粉絲包圍了。3.Footballisplayedallovertheworld,makingitapopularsport.

全世界都踢足球,因此踢足球成了一種很流行的運動。4.Therebeingnocustomers,theyclosedthestore.

因為沒有顧客,他們關了店門。5.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

我站在門旁,不敢說一句話。6.Havingtriedmanytimes(=Thoughhehadtriedmanytimes),hestillcouldn’tsucceed.

盡管嘗試了多次,但他仍未成功。7.Settingoffearlier/Ifsettingoffearlier(=Ifyousetoffearlier),you’llgettothetownatdusk.

如果早點兒出發(fā)的話,你在傍晚的時候就會到達小鎮(zhèn)。8.Havingapologizedtohisteacherforhisrudemanners(=Afterhehadapologizedtohisteacherforhisrudemanners),hemadeapromisethathewouldn’tmakethesamemistake.

因自己的粗魯行為而向老師道歉后,他許諾以后將不再犯同樣的錯誤。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2020·吉林高一檢測)ThereisalargepercentageofAsianpeopleintheUS.They’rehardworking,respectfulbutstrangesometimes.Ifyoudon’tunderstandtheculture,youwillgetsomeproblemswiththem.Asianpeoplearedifferentfromanyotherculturesifyouthinkyouknowthem,youmightwanttothinkagain.Howaretheydifferent?WhenitestomostAsianculture,respectiseverything.Youcandoanythingyouwantbutdon’tdisrespectanAsianman.Youwillgetsomerealconsequencesafterwardandespeciallyifheisyourboss.It’ssomethingcalledfacesavingintheAsianculture.It’sridiculoussometimesbutit’stheirculture.Sometimestheirculturecaneinbetweentheirrelationshipatwork.Asianpeoplemightexpectalotofrespectfromtheircoworkerswhentheircoworkersjustseethemasanequal.

AmericansareverydifferentfromAsianpeople.Ifyou’reAsian,youmightwanttounderstandtheAmericancultureandevenadapttotheircultureifyouworkwiththem.Itwillbeeasierforyousinceyou’reintheircountries.ImagineanAmericanworkinginChina,expectingChinesecoworkerstogetalongwithhimwhenhecriticizesthemstraightoutoneverysinglematterinfrontofeveryone.Ithinktheywilltakehimoutsideandtakecareofhim.Itjustdoesn’tworkthatwaywithAsianpeople.Ifyou’reanAmericanbossgivingyourAsianemployeeareview,youwillseethattheywillhaveaproblemwithyournegativeremarks.Theywillthinkthatyoudon’tlikethem,disrespectful,andwanttogetridofthem;wheninfact,you’rejustdoingyourjob.Youjustencouragethemtodotheirworkbetter.Ofcourse,it’snotfairforyouasanAmericanbossbutjustexpectthatitcanbesomethingthatisonyourAsianemployee’smind.【文章大意】本文主要講了亞洲人的文化與其他文化的不同之處。1.TheAmericanscan’tgetalongwellwiththeAsiansprobablybecause_______.

A.theirculturesaredifferentB.theydon’tlikeeachotherC.bothofthemaretooproudD.theyhavedifferentpoliticalviews【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Ifyoudon’tunderstandtheculture,youwillgetsomeproblemswiththem.Asianpeoplearedifferentfromanyotherculturesifyouthinkyouknowthem,youmightwanttothinkagain.可知,因為亞洲文化和其他文化差別很大,所以如果你不了解亞洲文化,你可能就很難與亞洲人相處。2.Theunderlinedphrase“facesaving”inParagraph2probablymeans_______.

A.savingsomemoneyforlateruseB.makingfacestopleaseyourbossC.showingsomerespecttosomebodyD.helpingsomebodyoutoftrouble【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段WhenitestomostAsianculture,respectiseverything.Youcandoanythingyouwantbutdon’tdisrespectanAsianman.可知,對于大多數(shù)亞洲文化來說,尊重就是一切。你可以做任何你想做的事,但要尊重亞洲人。所以通過上下文的語境可以判斷出,“facesaving”一詞是“尊敬”的意思。3.Fromthethirdparagraphwecanknowthatitisdifficult_______.

A.fortheAsianstoacceptthecultureinAmericaB.fortheAmericanstoadapttothecultureinChinaC.forpeopletolearnthecultureinaforeigncountryD.forpeopletofollowthecultureintheirowncountry【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,美國人直截了當?shù)乃季S方式在亞洲人眼里是行不通的,所以美國人要想適應亞洲文化是很困難的。4.ThenegativeremarksanAmericanbossgivesonyourworkprobablymeanhe/she_______.

A.doesn’tlikeyouanylongerB.thinksyouarenotworthrespectingC.doesn’tthinkyouaresuitableforthejobD.wantsyoutoimproveyourwork【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Youjustencouragethemtodotheirworkbetter.可知,美國老板批評亞洲員工是為了更好地做工作,但是這樣的話在亞洲人的眼里會被認為是不夠尊敬或是想解雇他們。所以一個美國老板對你工作的負面評論可能意味著他希望你改進你的工作。Ⅱ.完形填空Itmaybedifficulttounderstandnonverbalmessagesbecausedifferentcultureshavedifferentexpectationsabouteyecontact,physical1,etc.

Let’sconsidereyecontact.ChildrenfrommanyLatinAmericanandAsian2showrespectbyavoidingtheglanceofimportantpersons.Ateacherwho’s3withthis,however,mightconsiderthelackofeyecontactasasignof4.FormanyAmericanIndianchildren,5ateacherintheeyeandansweringherquestioninfrontoftheclassare“showingoff”Culturegreatly6attitudestowardsphysicalcontact,whetherit’sahandshake,hug,orpatontheback.InAsia,femalefriends7holdhandsandmencasually(隨便地)hugoneanotherastheywalkdownthestreet.Americans,however,mayfeel8withsuchpublicbehavior.InsomeAsiancultures,affectionatelypattinga(n)9headisstrictlytaboo(禁忌的),10itcanbeacceptablebehaviorbetweenadultsandyoungchildren.

How11shouldpeoplestandtoeachotherwhenthey’rehavingaconversation?InareasoftheMiddleEastandSouthAmerica,peoplestandveryclosewhen12.Europeansliketohave13distancebetweenthem,whilesomeAfricans14evenmorespace.Youcan15greatdisfortbystandingtooclosetoanotherperson.Notbeing16ofthiscanevenpreventsomeonefromunderstandingor17theideasyou’retryingtogetacross.

Tocreateapositiveenvironmentformunication,yournonverbalmessagemustclosely18yourverbalmessage.Onewaytodothisistocarefullyobservehowchildrenandfamiliesspeakand19aroundeachotherandwithpeopletheyrespect.Thiscan20cluesaboutthetruemeaningoftheirnonverbalinteractions.

【文章大意】本文為一篇說明文,講述了不同的文化對眼神接觸、身體接觸等有不同的理解。另外,不同的文化對人與人之間站立距離遠近的理解也有所不同。所以,要想真正了解一種文化,一定不要忽視無聲語言所傳達的信息。1.A.exercise B.touch C.education D.strength【解析】選B。physicaltouch意為“身體接觸”,這從下文的physicalcontact可得到提示。2.A.schools B.villages C.homelands D.cultures【解析】選D。第一段已提到不同的文化(differentcultures)中人們對眼神接觸、身體接觸等有不同的理解。此處舉例說明,故此空填“文化”一詞。3.A.uncertain B.angry C.unfamiliar D.popular【解析】選C。在拉丁美洲和亞洲文化中,小孩回避他人的視線是對其尊敬的表現(xiàn)。而對此不了解的老師會誤以為這是缺乏尊重。beunfamiliarwith意為“對……不熟悉”。4.A.disrespect B.ideaC.danger D.disappointment【解析】選A。此空前的however說明此句與前一句之間是轉折關系。既然前一句說是showrespect,此處應當是asignofdisrespect。5.A.seeing B.staringatC.looking D.glancingat【解析】選C。looksb.intheeye意為“直視某人”。6.A.influences B.supportsC.observes D.reduces【解析】選A。在文章首段中說“不同的文化中人們對眼神接觸、身體接觸等有不同的理解”,然后在第二段講眼神接觸在不同文化中的不同理解,故此段則是講physicalcontact在不同文化中的影響,即“文化極大地影響到人們對身體接觸的態(tài)度”。7.A.never B.oftenC.seldom D.sometimes【解析】選B。由于男性之間可以隨意地擁抱一下,故可推測女性朋友之間手拉手是常事。8.A.pleased B.fortableC.mad D.unfortable【解析】選D。由該句的however可知,在亞洲文化中很自然的行為,在美國文化中卻令人感到不舒服。9.A.child’s B.baby’s C.adult’s D.man’s【解析】選C。在一些亞洲文化中,摸成人的頭是嚴格禁止的,但是成人和小孩之間摸頭是可以接受的。10.A.because B.although C.unless D.if【解析】選B。前后之間是讓步關系,故用although。11.A.far B.closely C.properly D.close【解析】選D。從本段的“peoplestandveryclose,distance,standingtooclose”等可知,本段是談人與人之間站立時相隔的距離。12.A.talking B.eating C.waiting D.listening【解析】選A。此處whentalking與前一句的“whenthey’rehavingaconversation”意思一樣。13.A.more B.less C.no D.little【解析】選A。來自中東和南美的人談話時站得很近,而歐洲人需要的距離更大一些。14.A.hate B.prefer C.wish D.dream【解析】選B。該句中的while表示對比。非洲人需要的距離更遠。15.A.change B.expect C.create D.accept【解析】選C。雙方談話時,站得太近,超過可接受的距離,人就會感到極不舒服。create“引起;造成”。16.A.afraid B.ashamed C.proud D.aware【解析】選D。對談話時的距離要清楚,否則會造成麻煩。beawareof意為“意識到,知道”,符合語境。beafraidof“害怕”;beashamedof“以……為羞愧”;beproudof“以……為豪”,均不符合語境。17.A.suggesting B.consideringC.refusing D.accepting【解析】選D。此空前的or表示選擇關系,說明此空的內(nèi)容與前面的understanding意思相近。意識不到人們交流時默認的距離甚至會阻礙他人理解或接受你試圖傳達的意思。18.A.pass B.explain C.match D.prepare【解析】選C。非語言信息與語言信息要相配(match)、要一致。19.A.talk B.behave C.use D.look【解析】選B。這些文化差異可通過仔細觀察小孩和家人間的談話及舉止方式(behave)來了解。20.A.provide B.support C.prove D.search【解析】選A。這樣就可為你真正理解他們的非語言交流提供線索。Ⅲ.語法填空Yourbodylanguagewillgiveoutalotmoreinformation.