河北省張家口市尚義縣2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

PAGEPAGE1河北省張家口市尚義縣2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APeopleWhoMadeaDifferenceinHealthCareInthehistoryofhuman,thereweregreatpeoplewhomadeadifferenceinhealthcare.Doctors,nurses,researchscientistsandthosewhobroughtinnewmedicineandtechniqueshelpedsavemillionsoflives.Hippocrates(460-377BC)HippocrateswasagreatdoctorofancientGreece.Throughhiscarefulexaminationofpatients,treatmentsandsuccessrates,hewasabletovastlyimprovehismedicaltreatment.HippocratesbuiltuponeofthegreatlibrariesofmedicalscienceinKos.HeisalsocreditedwiththeHippocraticoath(誓言)whichisstillsworn(宣誓)todaybymedicalpractitioners.FlorenceNightingale(1820-1910)Britishnurse.ByservingintheCrimeanwar,FlorenceNightingalewasinstrumentalinchangingtheroleofthenursingprofession.Herdedicatedservicewonwidespreadadmirationandledtoasignificantimprovementinthetreatmentofwoundedsoldiers.Dr.HenryHeimlich(1920-2016)HeimlichwasanAmericansurgeonandmedicalresearcher.Hecameupwithacreativeandsimpleproceduretohelpchokingvictims.Itinvolvesatechniqueofabdominalthrustswhereapersonstandsbehindandappliespressureonthediaphragmtoincreasinglyapplypressure.Itisclaimedthatthishassavedthelivesofupto50,000people.Heimlichhimselfuseditontwopeople,includinganoldladyinhisnursinghome.Itisincludedinguidelinesfordealingwithchokingvictims.AlexanderFleming(1881-1955)ScottishBiologist,pharmacologistandbotanistwhodiscoveredpenicillin.Hediscoveredpenicillinbyaccidentbutrecognizeditsantibacterial(抗菌的)properties.FleminglatersharedtheNobelPrizeinMedicine(1945)withHowardFloreyandErnstBorisChainwhosucceededinmakingitcommerciallyavailable.1.WhatwasFlorenceNightingale’scontribution?A.Makingpenicillincommerciallyavailable.B.Buildingagreatlibraryofmedicalscience.C.Changingtheroleofthenursingprofession.D.Inventingacreativeandsimplewaytohelpchokingvictims.2.WhoisaNobelPrizewinner?A.Hippocrates. B.FlorenceNightingale.C.Dr.HenryHeimlich. D.AlexanderFleming.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toeducate. B.Tointroduce. C.Toadvertise. D.Toadvise.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了四位在醫(yī)療保健方面做出貢獻(xiàn)的人?！即鸢浮?.C2.D3.B1．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題FlorenceNightingale(1820-1910)下的“ByservingintheCrimeanwar,FlorenceNightingalewasinstrumentalinchangingtheroleofthenursingprofession.(通過(guò)在克里米亞戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中服役，弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾在改變護(hù)理職業(yè)的角色方面發(fā)揮了重要作用)”可知，F(xiàn)lorenceNightingale的貢獻(xiàn)是改變護(hù)理專業(yè)的角色。故選C項(xiàng)。2．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題AlexanderFleming(1881-1955)下的“FleminglatersharedtheNobelPrizeinMedicine(1945)withHowardFloreyandErnstBorisChainwhosucceededinmakingitcommerciallyavailable.(Fleming后來(lái)與HowardFlorey和ErnstBorisChai共同獲得了諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)(1945年)，后者成功地將其商業(yè)化)”可知，AlexanderFleming是諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主。故選D項(xiàng)。3．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文標(biāo)題“PeopleWhoMadeaDifferenceinHealthCare(在醫(yī)療保健方面做出貢獻(xiàn)的人)”可知，本文主要是介紹在醫(yī)療保健方面做出貢獻(xiàn)的人，所以目的是介紹。故選B項(xiàng)。BFromherclassroomwindow,AynagulBagjulinoticedthebloomingflowersundertheclearblueskyandhadanidea.Outinthespringair,AynagulBagjulitaughtherstudents“LateSpring,”aclassicpoemfromtheTangDynasty.The27-year-oldteachesliteratureatJamatirkiMiddleSchoolinAktoCounty.Lessthanthreeyearsintoherteachingjob,AynagulBagjulihaswonwidespreadrecognitionfromhercolleaguesandstudentsforherpassionandextraordinaryteachingskills.AynagulBagjuliisanativeofAkto,whereover90percentofthelandismountainous.Lifethereistough.AynagulBagjulispentherhighschoolyearsinWenzhou.Later,shestudiedattheCapitalNormalUniversityinBeijing.Sheisamongmorethan100,000studentsfromXinjiang’sremoteareastohavereceivedbettereducationinthecentralandeasternregionsofChina,underaprogramfinancedbythecentralgovernmentsince2000.Theprogram,aimingatcultivating(培養(yǎng))professionalsamongethnicgroupsinXinjiang,coverspartoftheirtuitionandlivingexpenses.AynagulBagjuli’sfatherdiedwhenshewasthree,leavinghermothertoraisethreechildren.“Withoutthegovernment-sponsoredprogram,IwouldnothaveevendreamedofgoinganywhereoutsideXinjiang,letaloneattendinguniversityinthecapital,”shesaid.AynagulBagjuligaveupseveralemploymentopportunitiesincitiestoreturntoherhometown.Beforesecuringateachingjobinherhometown,shetraveledtoseveralcitiesandvillagesindifferentprovinces,learningaboutdiversecultures.Shelovessharingherexperiencewithherstudentsandbelievesthisisaneffectivewaytoarousetheirinterest.4.WheredidAynagulBagjulireceivehercollegeeducation?A.InUrumqi. B.InWenzhou. C.InAkto. D.InBeijing.5.WhatisAynagulBagjuli’sattitudetowardsthegovernment-sponsoredprogram?A.Doubtful. B.Grateful. C.Critical. D.Disappointed.6.WhydoesAynagulBagjuliliketoshareherexperiencewithherstudents?A.Toraiseherstudents’interest.B.Toshowherlearningexperience.C.Toencourageherstudentstotravel.D.Tofindawaytocommunicatewithherstudents.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AynagulBagjuli’sLearningExperienceB.AynagulBagjuli’sExcellentTeachingSkillsC.AynagulBagjuliTeachinginHerHometownafterCollegeD.AGovernment-sponsoredProgramSupportingPoorStudents【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了27歲的新疆教師AynagulBagjuli學(xué)成后回家鄉(xiāng)任教的感人故事?！即鸢浮?.D5.B6.A7.C4．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Later,shestudiedattheCapitalNormalUniversityinBeijing.(后來(lái)，她在北京首都師范大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，AynagulBagjuli是在北京上的大學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)。5．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“‘Withoutthegovernment-sponsoredprogram,IwouldnothaveevendreamedofgoinganywhereoutsideXinjiang,letaloneattendinguniversityinthecapital,’shesaid.(“如果沒(méi)有這個(gè)政府資助的項(xiàng)目，我做夢(mèng)都不會(huì)想到去新疆以外的地方，更不用說(shuō)在首都上大學(xué)了，”她說(shuō)。)”可知，AynagulBagjuli對(duì)中央政府的資助項(xiàng)目是心懷感激的。故選B項(xiàng)。6．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Shelovessharingherexperiencewithherstudentsandbelievesthisisaneffectivewaytoarousetheirinterest.(她喜歡與學(xué)生分享她的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并相信這是引起他們興趣的有效方法。)”可知，AynagulBagjuli和學(xué)生們分享自己的經(jīng)歷是為了激發(fā)他們的興趣。故選A。7．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Lessthanthreeyearsintoherteachingjob,AynagulBagjulihaswonwidespreadrecognitionfromhercolleaguesandstudentsforherpassionandextraordinaryteachingskills.AynagulBagjuliisanativeofAkto,whereover90percentofthelandismountainous.Lifethereistough.(在她的教學(xué)工作不到三年的時(shí)間里，AynagulBagjuli以她的熱情和非凡的教學(xué)技巧贏得了同事和學(xué)生的廣泛認(rèn)可。AynagulBagjuli是阿克圖人，那里90%以上的土地都是山區(qū)。那里的生活很艱難。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文講述了27歲的新疆教師AynagulBagjuli學(xué)成后回家鄉(xiāng)任教的感人故事。故選C。CEndeavour(奮進(jìn)號(hào)航天飛機(jī))successfullycompleted25missionsintospace,includingthefirstservicemissiontotheHubbleSpaceTelescopeaswellasthefirstmissiontoaddaU.S.componenttotheInternationalSpaceStation.Whenfirstlaunchedin1981,itbecametheworld’sfirstreusablespacecrafttocarryhumansintoorbit.Overthethirty-yearcourseofthespaceshuttleprogram,theshuttlesandtheircrewsassembledpartsoftheInternationalSpaceStation,deployedandservicedtheHubbleSpaceTelescope,repairedandrelaunchedsatellites,sentprobestoVenusandJupiterandmore.Thespaceshuttlewasactuallymadeupofseveralseparatecomponents.Whatpeoplecallthe“shuttle”istheorbiter—thepartoftheshuttlethatheldthecrew.Themainenginesarepartoftheorbiter.Inadditiontotheorbiter,eachshuttleincludedtwosolidrocketboostersandanexternaltank.Allwerereusableexceptfortheexternaltank,whichbydesignburnedupintheatmosphere.ManynewerfeatureswereaddedtoEndeavourduringconstruction,suchasupdatedsteeringmechanisms,upgradedelectricalconnectionstoallowforlongermissionsandadragchutethatreducedwearandtearontheshuttle’sbrakesandtires.Manyoftheinnovationswereaddedlatertotheothershuttles.EndeavourmadeseveralhistoricmissionstotheInternationalSpaceStation,includingSTS-88,inwhichthecrewaddedthefirstU.S.componenttotheISS.OnSTS-100,EndeavourdeliveredtheCanadarm2roboticarmandhand.OnSTS-123,Endeavouraddedaroboticarm—Dextre.Endeavour’sfinalmission,inMay2011,deliveredsparepartstotheInternationalSpaceStation.Endeavourleavesanamazinglegacyinspace.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“assembled”inParagraph2mean?A.Consumed. B.Wasted. C.Produced. D.Fixed.9.Whichpartofthespaceshuttleisnotreusable?A.Theorbiter. B.Theexternaltank.C.Themainengines. D.Solidrocketboosters.10.WhatdidEndeavourdoonSTS-100?A.Itaddedaroboticarm—Dextre.B.ItaddedthefirstU.S.componenttotheISS.C.ItdeliveredtheCanadarm2roboticarmandhand.D.ItdeliveredsparepartstotheInternationalSpaceStation.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThehistoryofEndeavour. B.ThefunctionsofEndeavour.C.TheachievementsofEndeavour. D.ThedevelopmentofEndeavour.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。介紹了奮進(jìn)號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的歷史?！即鸢浮?.D9.B10.C11.A8．〖解析〗詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線所在句子“theircrewsassembledpartsoftheInternationalSpaceStation,deployedandservicedtheHubbleSpaceTelescope,repairedandrelaunchedsatellites,sentprobestoVenusandJupiterandmore.(assembled國(guó)際空間站的部件，部署并維護(hù)了哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡，修復(fù)并重新發(fā)射了衛(wèi)星，向金星和木星等地發(fā)射了探測(cè)器)”中的“partsoftheInternationalSpaceStation”和“repairedandrelaunched”等次推知，機(jī)組人員安裝了國(guó)際空間站的部件。因此assemble與fix同義。故選D項(xiàng)。9．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Allwerereusableexceptfortheexternaltank,whichbydesignburnedupintheatmosphere.(所有的都是可重復(fù)使用的，除了外部燃料箱，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)，它在大氣中燃燒)”可知，外部燃料箱不能重復(fù)使用。故選B項(xiàng)。10．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“OnSTS-100,EndeavourdeliveredtheCanadarm2roboticarmandhand.(在STS-100任務(wù)中，奮進(jìn)號(hào)運(yùn)送了機(jī)械臂和手給Canadarm2)”可知，奮進(jìn)號(hào)在STS-100上交付了機(jī)器人手臂和手給Canadarm2。故選C項(xiàng)。11．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Endeavour(奮進(jìn)號(hào)航天飛機(jī))successfullycompleted25missionsintospace,includingthefirstservicemissiontotheHubbleSpaceTelescopeaswellasthefirstmissiontoaddaU.S.componenttotheInternationalSpaceStation.(奮進(jìn)號(hào)成功完成了25次太空任務(wù)，包括哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的第一次服務(wù)任務(wù)，以及第一次向國(guó)際空間站添加美國(guó)組件的任務(wù))”，第二段的“Whenfirstlaunchedin1981(當(dāng)1981年首次發(fā)射)”，第三段“ManynewerfeatureswereaddedtoEndeavourduringconstruction(在建造過(guò)程中，奮進(jìn)號(hào)增加了許多新功能)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了奮進(jìn)號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的歷史，所以A項(xiàng)“ThehistoryofEndeavour.(奮進(jìn)號(hào)的歷史)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DResearchersfromSejongUniversityinSouthKoreahavecreatedanewlaser(激光)chargingsystemthatcantransmitpowerusinginfrared(紅外線的)lightoverupto30meters(98.4feet),offeringasafealternativetocordedchargingformobiledevicesandpoweringtheInternetdevicesspreadthroughoutanarea.Thesystemcoulddeliver400milliwattsofpoweracrossthisdistance,enoughtochargesensorsbutnotquiteenoughtochargemobiledevicesyet.Wirelesspowertransmissionhasbeenachievedovergreaterdistances,buttransmittingpowersafelyacrossmeter-scaledistanceshasbroughtchallenges.Theresearchersovercamethiswithatechniqueknownasdistributedlaser-charging,separatingthelaser’stransmitterandreceiver,creatingalasercavity(腔)betweenthemthroughwhichlight-basedpowercanbetransmitted.Whilemostotherapproachesrequirethereceivingdevicetobeinaspecialchargingplaceortobestationary,distributedlaserchargingenablesself-alignmentwithouttrackingprocessesaslongasthetransmitterandreceiverareinthelineofsightofeachother.Whenadeviceinterruptsthelineofsight,thesystemautomaticallychangestoapower-safemodethatallowsittodeliverpowerwirelesslyandsafely.Italsoautomaticallyshiftstoasafelowpowerdeliverymodeifanobjectorapersonblocksthelineofsight.“Theabilitytopowerdeviceswirelesslycouldeliminatetheneedtocarryaroundpowercablesforourphonesortablets.Usingthelaserchargingsystemtoreplacepowercordsinfactoriescouldsaveonmaintenanceandreplacementcosts.Thiscouldbeparticularlyusefulinroughenvironmentswhereelectricalconnectionscancauseinterferenceorposeafirerisk,”saidresearchteamleaderJinyongHa.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Thesystemcantransmitpowerover40meters.B.Thisisthefirstsuccessfulwirelesspowertransmission.C.Thesystemcoulddeliverenoughpowertochargemobiles.D.Thesystemcanfunctionwhenthetransmitterandreceiverareinsightofeachother.13.Whatwillhappenifapersonblocksthelineofsight?A.Itwillstopcharging. B.Itwillchargeinanothermode.C.Itwillbringharmtotheperson. D.Itwillneedawiretocontinuecharging.14.WhatdoJinyongHa’swordsstressinthelastparagraph?A.Theadvantagesofthenewtechnology.B.Theshortcomingsofthenewtechnology.C.Thebrightfutureofthenewtechnology.D.Theworkingprincipleofthenewtechnology.15.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Atravelguide. B.Asciencefiction.C.Anewspaper. D.Atextbook.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為科技說(shuō)明文，介紹了韓國(guó)世宗大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)明了一種新的激光充電系統(tǒng)，可以在遠(yuǎn)達(dá)30米的距離上傳輸能量，提供了一種安全的移動(dòng)設(shè)備充電，并為整個(gè)地區(qū)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備充電。〖答案〗12.D13.B14.A15.C12．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whilemostotherapproachesrequirethereceivingdevicetobeinaspecialchargingplaceortobestationary,distributedlaserchargingenablesself-alignmentwithouttrackingprocessesaslongasthetransmitterandreceiverareinthelineofsightofeachother.(雖然大多數(shù)其他方法要求接收設(shè)備處于特殊的充電位置或靜止不動(dòng)，但只要發(fā)射器和接收器在彼此的視線內(nèi)，分布式激光充電就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)自校準(zhǔn)，而無(wú)需跟蹤過(guò)程)”可知，當(dāng)發(fā)射器和接收器在彼此的視線范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，系統(tǒng)可以工作。故選D項(xiàng)。13．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Italsoautomaticallyshiftstoasafelowpowerdeliverymodeifanobjectorapersonblocksthelineofsight.(如果有物體或人阻擋視線，它還會(huì)自動(dòng)切換到安全的低功率傳輸模式)”可知，如果有人擋住視線它將以另一種模式充電——安全的低功率模式。故選B項(xiàng)。14．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Theabilitytopowerdeviceswirelesslycouldeliminatetheneedtocarryaroundpowercablesforourphonesortablets.Usingthelaserchargingsystemtoreplacepowercordsinfactoriescouldsaveonmaintenanceandreplacementcosts.Thiscouldbeparticularlyusefulinroughenvironmentswhereelectricalconnectionscancauseinterferenceorposeafirerisk,”saidresearchteamleaderJinyongHa.(“無(wú)線供電的能力可以消除我們的手機(jī)或平板電腦隨身攜帶電源線的需要。使用激光充電系統(tǒng)取代工廠的電源線可以節(jié)省維護(hù)和更換成本。這在電氣連接可能造成干擾或造成火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)的惡劣環(huán)境中尤其有用，”研究小組組長(zhǎng)JinyongHa說(shuō))”可知，在最后一段，JinyongHa的話強(qiáng)調(diào)了新技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)——減少隨身攜帶電源的需要，節(jié)省維護(hù)和更換成本降低火災(zāi)發(fā)生率等等。故選A項(xiàng)。15．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersfromSejongUniversityinSouthKoreahavecreatedanewlaser(激光)chargingsystemthatcantransmitpowerusinginfrared(紅外線的)lightoverupto30meters(98.4feet),offeringasafealternativetocordedchargingformobiledevicesandpoweringtheInternetdevicesspreadthroughoutanarea.(韓國(guó)世宗大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)明了一種新的激光充電系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以利用紅外線將能量傳輸?shù)?0米(98.4英尺)遠(yuǎn)的地方，為移動(dòng)設(shè)備提供了一種安全的有線充電替代方案，并為遍布整個(gè)地區(qū)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備供電)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了韓國(guó)世宗大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新發(fā)明，所以最可能來(lái)自報(bào)紙。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MenandtheArtofListeningWe’veallexperiencedtalkingtopeoplewhoaren’tlistening.___16___Theynodded,butwefeltliketalkingtoawall.Theworldtodayismovingsofastthatwerarelystoptolistentoeachother.Listeningisaskillsorelymissingintoday’sworld.It’sevenmoreofanissueforuswhenitcomestohowwerelatetooneanother.___17___Askopenquestions.Sometimesallyouneedtodoisofferquestionsthatmencananswerwithhonesty.Allowingsomeonetosharetheirlifewithuscommunicatesthesimpletruth:Icareaboutyou.Oneofourteammemberssharedastoryaboutanactivelisteningworkshop.Theypairedparticipantsup,withonegiventheroleof“talker”andtheotherof“l(fā)istener.”Atimerwassetfor10minutes,duringwhichthelistenercouldonlyaskopen-endedquestions.___18___Buttheimpactwasgreat.Withthreeminutesstillontheclock,thepersontalkingbegantocry,becausehefeltsoovercomebytheexperience.He’dneverbeengiventhespacetotalkinthisway.___19___Plentyofusstruggletositinsilencewhilesomeoneisthinking.Evenmoresoiftheyareemotionalandneedaminutetogathertheirwords.Itcanbetemptingtolaunchintothosemomentsandtrytofixitorgiveanswers—totrytosaysomethingtomakeitlessawkward.Avoidthisatallcosts.Letthesilencebeachancetohonoryourbrotherandallowhimtosaywhatheneedstosay.Repeat.HaveyoueverplayedthegameTelephone?Youthinkyou’recommunicatingonethingtothepersonnexttoyou,onlytorealizetheyheardsomethingmuchdifferent.Thesamecanhappeninourregularconversations.Oneskillyoucanpracticetofightthesekindsofmisunderstandingsistoaskquestionsandthenrepeatwhatyouheard.___20___A.Waitinthesilences.B.Itiseasytopractice.C.Listeningwithcompassion.D.Besurethatheagreeswithyou.E.Theykeptlookingattheirwatch.F.Ifyouwanttobecomeabetterlistener,herearethreesteps.G.Youcanalsorepeatthewholestoryusingwhathejustsaid.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章就如何成為一名好的聽(tīng)眾給了三點(diǎn)建議?！即鸢浮?6.E17.F18.B19.A20.G16．〖解析〗根據(jù)下文“Theynodded,butwefeltliketalkingtoawall.(他們點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，但我們感覺(jué)像在對(duì)著墻說(shuō)話)”可知此處上下文說(shuō)的是聽(tīng)話的人不專心傾聽(tīng)的情況，與E項(xiàng)“Theykeptlookingattheirwatch(他們一直在看手表)”表達(dá)的含義一致，選項(xiàng)中的They與上文的people和下文的They相呼應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。17．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Listeningisaskillsorelymissingintoday’sworld.It’sevenmoreofanissueforuswhenitcomestohowwerelatetooneanother.(傾聽(tīng)是當(dāng)今世界急需的一項(xiàng)技能。當(dāng)涉及到我們?nèi)绾蜗嗷ヂ?lián)系時(shí)，這對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)更是一個(gè)問(wèn)題)”以及下文“Askopenquestions(提出開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題)”、“Repeat(重復(fù))”可推理出空白處承上啟下，若要想成為好的傾聽(tīng)者，參考下文建議，與F項(xiàng)“Ifyouwanttobecomeabetterlistener,herearethreesteps(如果你想成為一個(gè)更好的傾聽(tīng)者，以下是三個(gè)步驟)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選F項(xiàng)。18．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Theypairedparticipantsup,withonegiventheroleof“talker”andtheotherof“l(fā)istener.”Atimerwassetfor10minutes,duringwhichthelistenercouldonlyaskopen-endedquestions.(他們將參與者配對(duì)，其中一人扮演“談話者”的角色，另一人則扮演“傾聽(tīng)者”的角色。計(jì)時(shí)器設(shè)置為10分鐘，在此期間，傾聽(tīng)者只能提出開(kāi)放式問(wèn)題)”可知此處上下文說(shuō)的是一種簡(jiǎn)單易行的方法，與B項(xiàng)“Itiseasytopractice(這很容易練習(xí))”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選B項(xiàng)。19．〖解析〗根據(jù)下文“Letthesilencebeachancetohonoryourbrotherandallowhimtosaywhatheneedstosay(讓沉默成為一個(gè)向你哥哥致敬的機(jī)會(huì)，讓他說(shuō)出他需要說(shuō)的話)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)的是要在沉默中等待，與A項(xiàng)“Waitinthesilences(在沉默中等待)”表達(dá)的含義一致，silence是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。20．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Oneskillyoucanpracticetofightthesekindsofmisunderstandingsistoaskquestionsandthenrepeatwhatyouheard(為了克服這些誤解，你可以練習(xí)的一項(xiàng)技能是提出問(wèn)題，然后重復(fù)你聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容)”可知此處在說(shuō)消除誤會(huì)的方法，與G項(xiàng)“Youcanalsorepeatthewholestoryusingwhathejustsaid(你也可以用他剛才說(shuō)的話重復(fù)整個(gè)故事)”表達(dá)的含義一致，also是〖提示〗詞。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ForAravindTharunsriandThaaragaiAarathana,everydayisEnvironmentDayandeveryhourisEarthHour.Andtheyareonamissionto___21___oceans.Thaaragaiwasneverafraidofwater.Shestartedfloatingevenwhenunderone.Beingapassionatediver,Aravindalwayswantedtomakehisdaughter___22___diving.Hisvisioncametruewhenshebecame___23___todiveinshallowwaters.Shefirststartedtraininginsmalltubs,theninswimmingpoolsand___24___madeasmoothtransitiontotheocean.Now,Thaaragaicancallattentiontotheissueof___25___marinespeciesanddrawour___26___toherongoingbattleagainstwaterpollution.She___27___arecordinAssistWorldRecordsAttemptforswimmingan18-kmstretchunderthetheme“SavetheOcean”.Withhelpandencouragementfromherfather,Thaaragaialsomadeashortdocumentaryonmarine___28___andpresenteditinvariousschoolstospreadawareness.Theeight-year-oldgirl___29___herbirthdaywithadivingadventure.Shespottedjellyfish,grouperandcorals.Thedivingsessiondidn’tendthereastheyounggirlstartedspottingplastics.Shedidn’thavethehearttothe___30___them.Bothfatheranddaughter___31___asmuchastheycould.Theyoung___32___hasalsobeenonamissiontocleanupthebeachesandtheoceanaswellasto___33___awarenessofmarinepollution.Thaaragaihopesmorekidscanjoin.“WhywaitforOcean’sDayorEnvironmentDay?Everydayisimportantwhenwe___34___againstclimatechange.I’m___35___todomydutyasacitizenandIhopeyoutoowilljoinme,”theyoungdiversaid.21．A.cleanup B.focuson C.makeup D.makeout22．A.accept B.abandon C.quit D.learn23．A.thrilled B.disappointed C.qualified D.excited24．A.eventually B.suddenly C.frequently D.relatively25．A.dangerous B.extinct C.energetic D.endangered26．A.intention B.responsibility C.attention D.memory27．A.broke B.kept C.witnessed D.set28．A.protection B.pollution C.development D.damage29．A.treated B.completed C.celebrated D.proved30．A.ignore B.deal C.manage D.value:31．A.bought B.collected C.packed D.threw32．A.diver B.dancer C.singer D.swimmer33．A.switch B.connect C.raise D.compare34．A.swim B.compete C.go D.fight35．A.reluctant B.determined C.patient D.talented【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要說(shuō)明了AravindTharunsri和ThaaragaiAarathana是一對(duì)父女，父親Aravind是潛水員，從而影響了女兒也成為了一名潛水員。他們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)海洋環(huán)境，保護(hù)海洋瀕危動(dòng)物付出了自己的一份努力。〖答案〗21.A22.D23.C24.A25.D26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.A33.C34.D35.B21．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他們的任務(wù)是清理海洋。A.cleanup清理；B.focuson集中；C.makeup組成；D.makeout理解。根據(jù)后文“amissiontocleanupthebeachesandtheocean”可知，他們的任務(wù)是清理海洋。故選A。22．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名充滿激情的潛水員，Aravind一直想讓他的女兒學(xué)習(xí)潛水。A.accept接受；B.abandon拋棄；C.quit停止；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)上文“Beingapassionatediver,Aravindalwayswantedtomakehisdaughter”可知，Aravind自己是潛水員，想讓女兒也潛水，后文“todiveinshallowwaters”也是〖提示〗。故選D。23．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她有資格在淺水區(qū)資格時(shí)，他的設(shè)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。A.thrilled激動(dòng)的；B.disappointed失望的；C.qualified有資格的；D.excited激動(dòng)的。根據(jù)后文“todiveinshallowwaters”指女兒獲得在淺水區(qū)潛水的資格，故選C。24．〖解析〗考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她一開(kāi)始在小浴盆里訓(xùn)練，然后在游泳池里訓(xùn)練，最后熟練了。過(guò)渡到海洋。A.eventually最后；B.suddenly突然；C.frequently頻繁地；D.relatively相對(duì)地。根據(jù)后文“madeasmoothtransitiontotheocean”可知，訓(xùn)練逐步進(jìn)行，最后是到海洋里潛水。故選A。25．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，Thaaragai可以喚起人們對(duì)瀕危海洋物種問(wèn)題的關(guān)注，并引起我們對(duì)她正在與水污染作斗爭(zhēng)的關(guān)注。A.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；B.extinct滅絕的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.endangered瀕危的。根據(jù)后文“an18-kmstretchunderthetheme“SavetheOcean”.”可知，父女倆致力于保護(hù)海洋瀕危動(dòng)物，故選D。26．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，Thaaragai可以喚起人們對(duì)瀕危海洋物種問(wèn)題的關(guān)注，并引起我們對(duì)她正在與水污染作斗爭(zhēng)的關(guān)注。A.intention意圖；B.responsibility責(zé)任；C.attention注意力，關(guān)注；D.memory記憶。根據(jù)后文“toherongoingbattleagainstwaterpollution”可知，Thaaragai想要拯救海洋動(dòng)物，還有引起人們對(duì)水污染斗戰(zhàn)的關(guān)注，故選C。27．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在“拯救海洋”的主題下，她創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)游泳18公里的世界紀(jì)錄。A.broke打破；B.kept保持；C.witnessed目擊；D.set創(chuàng)造（紀(jì)錄）。根據(jù)后文“arecordinAssistWorldRecordsAttemptforswimming”可知，他的女兒創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄的誕生。故選D。28．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在父親的幫助和鼓勵(lì)下，Thaaragai還制作了一部關(guān)于海洋污染的短紀(jì)錄片，并在各個(gè)學(xué)校放映，以傳播意識(shí)。A.protection保護(hù)；B.pollution污染；C.development發(fā)展；D.damage破壞。呼應(yīng)上文“battleagainstwaterpollution”指制作了一部關(guān)于海洋污染的短紀(jì)錄片，故選B。29．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)八歲的女孩用一次潛水冒險(xiǎn)來(lái)慶祝她的生日。A.treated對(duì)待；B.completed完成；C.celebrated慶祝；D.proved證明。根據(jù)后文“herbirthdaywithadivingadventure”可知，女兒用潛水來(lái)慶祝生日。故選C。30．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她不忍心忽視他們。A.ignore忽視；B.deal處理；C.manage設(shè)法；D.value重視。根據(jù)上文“Shespottedjellyfish,grouperandcorals.Thedivingsessiondidn’tendthereastheyounggirlstartedspottingplastics.(她發(fā)現(xiàn)了水母、石斑魚(yú)和珊瑚。潛水課程并沒(méi)有結(jié)束，因?yàn)樾∨㈤_(kāi)始發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料)”可知，此處指不忍心忽視發(fā)現(xiàn)的塑料垃圾。故選A。31．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：父親和女兒都盡可能多地收集。A.bought購(gòu)買；B.collected收集；C.packed打包；D.threw扔。根據(jù)后文“asmuchastheycould”以及上文提到女兒無(wú)法忽視看到的塑料垃圾，所以他們開(kāi)始盡可能多地收集這些垃圾。故選B。32．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這位年輕的潛水員還在執(zhí)行清理海灘和海洋的任務(wù)，并提高人們對(duì)海洋污染的認(rèn)識(shí)。A.diver潛水員；B.dancer舞者；C.singer歌手；D.swimmer游泳者。根據(jù)上文“herbirthdaywithadivingadventure”可知，女兒如今是一名年輕的潛水員了，故選A。33．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位年輕的潛水員還在執(zhí)行清理海灘和海洋的任務(wù)，并提高人們對(duì)海洋污染的認(rèn)識(shí)。A.switch轉(zhuǎn)換；B.connect連接；C.raise籌集，提高；D.compare比較。根據(jù)后文“awarenessofmarinepollution”可知，女兒執(zhí)行清理海灘和海洋的任務(wù)，來(lái)提高人們對(duì)海洋污染的認(rèn)識(shí)，raise表示“提高”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。34．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們與氣候變化作斗爭(zhēng)時(shí)，每一天都很重要?！盇.swim游泳；B.compete比賽；C.go去；D.fight戰(zhàn)斗。呼應(yīng)上文“battleagainstwaterpollution”他們和水污染作斗爭(zhēng)，也與氣候變化作斗爭(zhēng)。故選D。35．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我決心盡一個(gè)公民的責(zé)任，我希望你們也能加入我的行列?！盇.reluctant勉強(qiáng)的；B.determined堅(jiān)定的；C.patient耐心的；D.talented有天賦的。根據(jù)上文Thaaragai的環(huán)保行為以及后文“todomydutyasacitizen”可知，女兒決心要盡一個(gè)公民的責(zé)任。短語(yǔ)bedeterminedto表示“下決定做……”。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Delicate,lustrous(光亮的),andsofttotouch.TheetherealfabricwenowcallsilkhasthreadeditswaythroughoutChina’shistory.Onecannotbecertainofitsorigin,buttheancientChinesepeoplecreditedtheirownwisdomtoLeizu,wifeoftheYellowEmperor(thelegendaryancestorofallChinesepeople),as___36___inventorofsericulture(養(yǎng)蠶).LikealmostallgenresofartonthevastlandofChina,thestyleandtextureofsilk___37___(be)alsomultifarious.HangluosatinfromHangzhou,Zhejiangprovince,iswellknown___38___itsairyandsheertexture,whileYunjinbrocade(凸花紋織物)fromNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,aluxuriousfabricoften___39___(use)forroyalgarments,representsChina’ssilkweavingtechniqueatitsprime.Yunjinbrocade___40___(make)byhandongiantlooms(織布機(jī)),inacomplexprocedure___41___comprisesmorethanahundredsteps.Eventhemostskilledartisanscanonlyweaveafewcentimetersaday.Time,patienceanddeftnessallplaynecessaryrolestoitsheavenlybeautyorasitsnamesuggests,itscloud-likesplendor.IntheWesternHanDynasty,withdiplomatandexplorerZhangQian___42___(open)uptheroutestothewesternregions,silkgracedmany___43___(country)inCentralAsia,laterextendingitsreachtootherpartsofEurasiaandbeyond.Fittingly,itsnamemarkedChina’smajorinternationaltraderoutes,theancientSilkRoadandMaritimeSilkRoad.InthehandsofChineseartists,the___44___(thin)threadscanweavepicturesofimmensepossibilities,andthesoftestmaterialcangothroughthousandsofyears.AsoneofthemanymarvelsofancientChina,silkisnot___45___(mere)atypeoftextile.Itisaculturalicon,andasymbolofeleganceandgrace.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。介紹了中國(guó)的絲綢?！即鸢浮?6.the37.are38.for39.used40.ismade41.that##which42.opening43.countries44.thinnest45.merely36．〖解析〗考查冠詞。句意：人們無(wú)法確定它的起源，但古代中國(guó)人把自己的智慧歸功于黃帝(傳說(shuō)中所有中國(guó)人的祖先)的妻子嫘祖，她是養(yǎng)蠶的發(fā)明者。根據(jù)句意，這里特指嫘祖是養(yǎng)蠶的發(fā)明者，用定冠詞修飾。故填the。37．〖解析〗考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：就像中國(guó)這片廣袤土地上幾乎所有的藝術(shù)流派一樣，絲綢的風(fēng)格和質(zhì)地也是五花八門(mén)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，be動(dòng)詞作本句謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是thestyleandtextureofsilk為復(fù)數(shù)，描述的是客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are。38．〖解析〗考查介詞。句意：來(lái)自浙江杭州的杭珞緞以其輕盈的質(zhì)地而聞名，而來(lái)自江蘇南京的云錦，一種經(jīng)常用于皇室服裝的奢華面料，代表了中國(guó)絲綢編織技術(shù)的鼎盛時(shí)期。此處是固定搭配：beknownfor意為“以...知名”。故填for。39．〖解析〗考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：來(lái)自浙江杭州的杭珞緞以其輕盈的質(zhì)地而聞名，而來(lái)自江蘇南京的云錦，一種經(jīng)常用于皇室服裝的奢華面料，代表了中國(guó)絲綢編織技術(shù)的鼎盛時(shí)期。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句謂語(yǔ)為represents，use用非謂語(yǔ)形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)fabric之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。故填used。40．〖解析〗考查時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：云錦是在巨型織布機(jī)上手工織造的，工序復(fù)雜，有一百多道工序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，make作本句謂語(yǔ)，和主語(yǔ)Yunjinbrocade之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，描述的是客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填ismade。41．〖解析〗考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：云錦是在巨型織布機(jī)上手工織造的，工序復(fù)雜，有一百多道工序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是procedure，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，用that或者which引導(dǎo)。故填that或者which。42．〖解析〗考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：西漢時(shí)期，外交家、探險(xiǎn)家張騫開(kāi)辟了西域之路，絲綢為中亞許多國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了光彩，后來(lái)又延伸到歐亞大陸乃至更遠(yuǎn)的地方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是with引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中ZhangQian與open之間為主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填opening。43．〖解析〗考查名詞。句意：西漢時(shí)期，外交家、探險(xiǎn)家張騫開(kāi)辟了西域之路，絲綢為中亞許多國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了光彩，后來(lái)又延伸到歐亞大陸乃至更遠(yuǎn)的地方。根據(jù)空前的many可知，空處應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填countries。44．〖解析〗考查形容詞。句意：在中國(guó)藝術(shù)家的手中，最細(xì)的線可以編織出無(wú)限可能的畫(huà)面，最柔軟的材料可以經(jīng)歷數(shù)千年?？蘸笫敲~，所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，表達(dá)“最細(xì)的線”之意，用最高級(jí)形式。故填thinnest。45．〖解析〗考查副詞。句意：作為中國(guó)古代的諸多奇跡之一，