計算機英語-ComputerEnglish教學(xué)課件

計算機英語-ComputerEnglishOverviewofComputerEnglishFundamentalsofComputerEnglishComputerhardwarerelatedEnglishComputersoftwarerelatedEnglishComputerNetworkandInternetrelatedEnglishPracticalApplicationofComputerEnglish目錄CONTENTOverviewofComputerEnglish01DefinitionComputerEnglishreferstoprofessionalEnglishtermsandexpressionsusedinthefieldofcomputerscienceandtechnology.ImportanceWiththeglobalpopularizationandinternationalizationofcomputertechnology,computerEnglishhasbecomeanimportanttoolforcommunicationandcooperationinthisfield.MasteringcomputerEnglishisofgreatsignificanceforlearningandapplyingcomputertechnology,participatingininternationalexchangesandcooperation.TheDefinitionandImportanceofComputerEnglishTheDevelopmentHistoryofComputerEnglishEarlystage:Intheearlystagesofcomputerscience,EnglishbecamethelinguafrancainthefieldduetotheconcentrationoftechnologyintheUnitedStates.Globalizationstage:Withtheglobaldisseminationandapplicationofcomputertechnology,computerEnglishhasgraduallybecomeaninternationallyrecognizedlanguage,andcomputerprofessionalsfromdifferentcountriesandregionshavebeguntouseEnglishforcommunicationandcooperation.Standardizationstage:Inordertopromoteinternationalexchangeandcooperationinthefieldofcomputerscience,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)andtheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)havedevelopedaseriesofinternationalstandardsandspecificationsforcomputerEnglish.Hardwarefield:professionaltermsandexpressionsrelatedtocomputerhardwaredesign,manufacturing,andtesting.Softwarefield:professionalterminologyandexpressionscoveringsoftwaredevelopment,testing,maintenance,andmanagement.Networkfield:professionalterminologyandexpressionsrelatedtocomputernetworkdesign,configuration,management,andsecurity.Databasefield:professionalterminologyandexpressionsrelatedtodatabasedesign,management,optimization,andmaintenance.Artificialintelligencefield:coveringprofessionaltermsandexpressionsinareassuchasmachinelearning,deeplearning,andnaturallanguageprocessing.0102030405TheApplicationFieldsofComputerEnglishFundamentalsofComputerEnglish02Hardware:Hardwarereferstovariousphysicaldevicesofacomputer,suchasCPU,memory,harddisk,etc.Networkreferstotheconnectionandcommunicationbetweencomputers,includinglocalareanetworks,wideareanetworks,andtheinternet.Database:Astructuredcollectionofdatastoredinacomputer,usedforstoring,retrieving,andmanagingdata.Software:referstotheprogramsanddatarunninginacomputer,includingoperatingsystems,applicationsoftware,etc.Computerrelatedvocabulary02030401CommonComputerPhrasesandSentencePatternsWhat'sthespecofyourcomputerWhatisyourcomputerconfiguration?Mycomputercrashed.:Mycomputercrashed.HowdoIsaveafileinWord?:HowtosavefilesinWord?Canyouhelpmedebugmycode?:Canyouhelpmedebugthecode?TheGrammarCharacteristicsofComputerEnglish01Extensiveuseofprofessionalvocabularyandabbreviations,suchasCPU,RAM,HTTP,etc.02Commonlyusedpassivevoiceandimperativesentences,suchas"Thefilewassaved."and"Openthefile.".03Commonlyusedpresenttenseandfuturetensetodescribetheprocessandresultsofcomputeroperationsandprogramexecution.04Payattentiontoaccuracyandconciseness,andavoidusingvagueorredundantexpressions.ComputerhardwarerelatedEnglish03CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)Thecentralprocessingunit,whichisthecomputingandcontrolcoreofacomputer.Amicroprocessor,usuallyreferringtoaCPUmanufacturedusingasinglesiliconchip.referstothenumberofclockcyclesexecutedbytheCPUpersecond,usuallyexpressedinmegahertz(MHz)orgigahertz(GHz).AtypeofmemorywithasmallcapacitybuthighspeedlocatedbetweentheCPUandmainmemory.MicroprocessorClockSpeedCacheMemoryTerminologyrelatedtocentralprocessingunits(CPUs)RandomAccessMemoryisaninternalmemorythatdirectlyexchangesdatawiththeCPU.RAM(RandomAccessMemory)Asolid-statesemiconductormemorythatcanonlyreadoutpreviouslystoreddata.ROM(ReadOnlyMemory)Amechanicalharddisk,whichisthemainstoragedevicefortraditionalcomputers.HardDiskDrive(HDD)Aharddrivemadefromasolid-stateelectronicstoragechiparray.SolidStateDrive(SSD)TerminologyrelatedtostoragedevicesAkeyboardisoneofthemostbasicinputdevicesinacomputer.KeyboardMouseisoneofthemostcommonlyusedinputdevicesincomputers.MouseAmonitorisoneofthemostimportantoutputdevicesinacomputer.MonitorAprinterisanoutputdevicethatprintscomputerprocessingresultsontorelevantmedia.PrinterTerminologyrelatedtoinputandoutputdevicesComputersoftwarerelatedEnglish04FileSystemAfilesystemisthesystemresponsibleformanagingandstoringfilesinanoperatingsystem.OperatingSystemAcomputerprogramthatmanagesandcontrolscomputerhardwareandsoftwareresources.KernelThekernelisthecorepartoftheoperatingsystem,responsibleformanagingthesystem'sprocesses,memory,devicedrivers,etc.UserInterfaceTheinterfacewheretheoperatingsysteminteractswithusers,includinggraphicalandcommand-lineinterfaces.TerminologyrelatedtooperatingsystemsProgrammingLanguage:Aprogramminglanguageusedtowritecomputerprograms,suchasJava,Python,C,etc.IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment(IDE):Anapplicationthatprovidesaprogrammingenvironment,includingcodeeditors,compilers,debuggers,andothertools.Acompilerissoftwarethattranslatesprogramswritteninhigh-levellanguagesintomachinelanguageprograms.Interpreter:Aninterpreterissoftwarethatdirectlyexecutesprogramswritteninhigh-levellanguages.Terminologyrelatedtoprogramminglanguagesanddevelopmenttools01DatabaseManagementSystem(DBMS):Adatabasemanagementsystemissoftwareusedtostore,retrieve,define,andmanagelargeamountsofdata.02SQL:StructuredQueryLanguage,isastandardlanguageusedformanagingrelationaldatabases.03Databaseschemaisadescriptionofthestructureandorganizationofadatabase.04Datamodelingistheprocessofcreatingdatabasepatterns,includingdefiningentities,attributes,andrelationships.TerminologyrelatedtodatabasemanagementsystemsComputerNetworkandInternetrelatedEnglish05LAN(LocalAreaNetwork)Alocalareanetworkthatconnectscomputersandotherdeviceswithinalimitedgeographicalarea.Anetworkthatconnectslocalareanetworksormetropolitanareanetworksindifferentgeographicallocations.Arouterusedtoconnectdevicesfromdifferentnetworksandforwardpacketsbasedonnetworklayerinformation.AswitchusedtoconnectdeviceswithinalocalareanetworkandforwarddataframesbasedonMACaddresses.WAN(WideAreaNetwork)RouterSwitchBasicConceptsofComputerNetworksTCP/IP(TransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol)isthefundamentalprotocolfamilyoftheInternet,includingTCP,UDP,IP,andotherprotocols.HTTP(HypertextTransferProtocol):HypertextTransferProtocolusedforcommunicationbetweenwebbrowsersandservers.DNS(DomainNameSystem):AdomainnamesystemusedtoresolvedomainnamestoIPaddresses.SSL/TLS(SecureSocketsLayer/TransportLayerSecurity):Asecureprotocolusedtoencryptnetworkcommunicationdataandensurethesecurityofdatatransmission.InternetProtocolandTechnicalStandardsFirewall:Afirewallusedtoprotectthenetworkfromunauthorizedaccessandattacks.Antivirus:Antivirussoftwareusedtodetectandremovecomputervirusesandothermalicioussoftware.Encryption:Encryptiontechnologyusedtoconvertsensitiveinformationintounreadablecodeformtoprotecttheconfidentialityofdata.VPN(VirtualPrivateNetwork):Avirtualprivatenetworkthatcanestablishencryptedchannelsonpublicnetworkstoensurethesecurityandprivacyofdatatransmission.NetworkSecurityandProtectionStrategiesPracticalApplicationofComputerEnglish06SkillsandMethodsforReadingComputerProfessionalLiteratureFamiliarwithprofessionalterminology:Masterprofessionalterminologyinthefieldofcomputerscience,andbeabletoquicklyandaccuratelyunderstandthecontentofliterature.Readingabstractsandtablesofcontents:Byreadingabstractsandtablesofcontents,onecanunderstandthemaincontentandstructureoftheliterature,whichhelpstoquicklylocatekeyinformation.Payattentiontodetailsandcontext:Carefullyreadingthedetaileddescriptionsandcontextualinformationintheliteraturecanhelpdeepentheunderstandingoftechnicalprinciplesandsolutions.Usingtranslationtools:Forunfamiliarvocabularyorsentences,onlinetranslationtoolscanbeusedtoassistunderstanding.Adheretoacademicnorms:Adheretoacademicethicsandnorms,andavoidplagiarismandplagiarism.Clarifytheresearchpurposeandsignificance:Clearlyexplaintheresearchpurpose,significance,andinnovationpointsinthepaper,highlightingthevalueoftheresearch.Rigorousdataanalysisandexperimentalverification:Conductrigorousanalysisandexperimentalverificationofresearchdatatoensuretheaccuracyandreliabilityofresearchconclusions.Standardizedpaperformatandlayout:Follow