新教材2023版高中英語Unit1ScienceFictionSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage課件新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

LearningAboutLanguagePart1Part2Part1語言基礎(chǔ)集釋1(教材原句)ona...basis根據(jù)；以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))

(1)onaregularbasis例行地；有規(guī)律地；定期地onadailyorweeklybasis每天或每周onthebasisof以……為基礎(chǔ)(2)base...on/upon把……置于……基礎(chǔ)之上bebasedon/upon以……為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù)[佳句]

Iamsavingmoneyonaregularbasiswiththeaimofbuyingahouseofmyown.我正在定期存錢，目的是買一套屬于我自己的房子。[練通]——單句語法填空①Therestaurant________(base)ontrust,anditisworkingallright.②________(base)ontheratings,Iboughtmybelovedbackpack，sawinterestingfilmsandtasteddeliciousfoods.③Onthe________(base)ofthesefacts,wecandrawtheconclusionthatheisguilty.[寫美]——應(yīng)用文佳句④他每天騎自行車上班，這有利于強(qiáng)身健體。He________________________，whichisbeneficialtobuilduphisstrength.isbasedBasedbasiscyclestoworkonadailybasis2(教材原句)Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityandsciencefictioninthefuture.在未來，如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難區(qū)分現(xiàn)實(shí)和科幻小說，那也不足為奇。◎distinguishvi.&vt.區(qū)分；辨別

(1)distinguishAfromB=distinguishbetweenAandB把A和B區(qū)分開distinguishoneself(as)(作為……)使自己揚(yáng)名(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；受人尊敬的[佳句]

Youshouldlearntodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.=Youshouldlearntodistinguishrightfromwrong.你應(yīng)學(xué)會明辨是非。[練通]——單句語法填空①Thetwinsaresomuchalikethatitisimpossibletodistinguishone________theother.②Confuciuswasa________(distinguish)educatorandphilosopherinChinesehistory.[寫美]——詞匯升級③Famousforitsattractivescenery,Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.(推薦信)→________________itsattractivescenery,Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.fromdistinguishedDistinguishedforPart2[自主感知]①ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife，Claire.②Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.③Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohumananditwasdisturbing.④Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot...⑤Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops...⑥Howawfultobediscoveredbyher，Clairethought.⑦Bythattime，Tonyexpectedthatthehouse，whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed，wouldbeready.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)]1．以上句子中都使用了被動語態(tài)，句①為________的被動語態(tài)；句③、④、⑦為________的被動語態(tài)；句⑤為________的被動語態(tài)。2．句②和句⑥為________的被動語態(tài)，句②中的tobeharmed作allow的________，而句⑥中的tobediscovered作________。過去將來時過去進(jìn)行時一般過去時不定式賓語補(bǔ)足語真正的主語[語法規(guī)則]考點(diǎn)一各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式

項目一般時態(tài)進(jìn)行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedone/shall/willhavebeendone①Thechildrenareaskedtocleantheirroomeveryday.孩子們被要求每天打掃一次房間。(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))②Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個月底前這項工作將會完成。(將來完成時的被動語態(tài))③Manyanimalsarebeingkilledandtheirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.許多動物正在被殺害，而且它們的棲息地正在遭到破壞。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài))④Ireceivedthesadnewsthathehadbeenkilledinaterribleaccident.我得知了這個不幸的消息，說他在一場可怕的事故中喪生。(過去完成時的被動語態(tài))[巧學(xué)活用1]——單句語法填空①M(fèi)ay21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,which____________(name)officiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.②Weareconfidentthattheenvironment____________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.③Itisthefirsttimethattheactress'sperformance____________(recognize)bythedirector.④Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar____________(repair)atthegarage.⑤Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane______________________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.wasnamedwillbeimprovedhasbeenrecognizedisbeingrepairedisviewed/hasbeenviewed考點(diǎn)二使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題

1．否定詞not的位置：在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor'sdegree.聽到不會獲得博士學(xué)位，他沮喪到了極點(diǎn)。2．主動句的謂語動詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時，應(yīng)將賓語變成被動句的主語，而將賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動(這時的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語)。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.我們看見他坐在那兒，什么也沒做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的話令我作嘔。[名師指津]

在主動語態(tài)中，make，hear，see等詞后接不定式時要省略to，但轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，則不能省略to。3．帶雙賓語的動詞作謂語的主動句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動句時，可將表示物的(直接)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，用for或to引出表示人的(間接)賓語，或?qū)⒈硎救说?間接)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I'mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.爸爸正在給我講一個有趣的故事。4．動詞短語在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中是不可分割的，在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人經(jīng)常被人嘲笑。[巧學(xué)活用2]——將下列各句改為被動語態(tài)/單句語法填空①Wesawastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.→_____________________________________________________________②Myunclegavemeapresenttheotherday.→____________________________________________________________③Thebadweathermademedecidetostayhereforanotherday.→_____________________________________________________________④MyuncletookgoodcareofmewhenIwasyoung.→_____________________________________________________________⑤Theartistwassurehewould________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.⑥Everyminutemust________(make)useoftoimproveourspokenEnglish.Astrangerwasseentoenterthebuildingjustnow.Apresentwasgiventometheotherdaybymyuncle.Iwasmadetodecidetostayhereforanotherday(bythebadweather).IwastakengoodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.bechosenbemade考點(diǎn)三動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)和用法

當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。不定式的被動式可分為一般式和完成式。(1)一般式：tobedone表示動詞不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后或同時發(fā)生。(2)完成式：tohavebeendone表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。Itisagreathonortobeinvitedtohosttheopeningceremony.很榮幸被邀主持開幕式。HeissaidtohavebeenadmittedtoTsinghuaUniversity.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)被清華大學(xué)錄取了。[巧學(xué)活用3]——用不定式的被動語態(tài)補(bǔ)全句子①法官似乎已經(jīng)知道了真相。Thetruthseems________________bythejudge.②我很榮幸能有機(jī)會做一個主題為“生命之糧”的演講。Ifeelsohonored________________deliveraspeechthemed“foodforlife”．③明年建成的機(jī)場將有助于促進(jìn)這一地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。Theairport________________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.tohavebeenknowntobegivenachancetotobecompleted考點(diǎn)四主動形式表示被動意義

1．主動語態(tài)表被動意義(1)系動詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove等)后接表語時，一般用主動形式表示被動意義。Thefoodtastesdelicious.這種食物嘗起來美味可口。Whathesaidatthemeetingsoundedencouraging.他在會上說的話聽起來令人備受鼓舞。(2)當(dāng)wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物動詞后加副詞(easily，well等)時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。ThesciencefictionwrittenbyLiuCixinsellsverywell.劉慈欣寫的科幻小說很暢銷。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父親給我的作為生日禮物的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。(3)need，want，require，deserve等+doing用主動形式表示被動意義。Thisladderwants/requires/needsrepairing/toberepaired.這個梯子需要修理。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主動形式表示被動意義。Thenovelisworthreadingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.這部小說值得再讀一次。[巧學(xué)活用4]——用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Hisbooks________(sell)well，sotheyaresoldoutsoon.②Thischeese________(notcut)easily.It'stoosoft.③Tomakewayforthewidestreet，thesehousesneed______________(pull)down.2．動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)(1)動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)由“to+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，當(dāng)動詞不定式所表示的動作與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系時，要用動詞不定式的被動式。動詞不定式的被動式只有一般式(tobedone)和完成式(tohavebeendone)。Iamveryhappytobepraised.受到褒獎我非常高興。Themagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthelibrary.這些雜志不允許帶出圖書館。IamproudtohavebeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity.我很自豪已被北京大學(xué)錄取。selldoesn'tcutpulling/tobepulled(2)動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義的情況。①sb.hav