腦炎影像表現(xiàn)英文版護(hù)理講座

Englishversionofnursinglectureonimagingmanifestationsofencephalitiscontents目錄OverviewofethicsImagingpresentationsofethicsEncephalitiscareEncephalitisEnglishProfessionalTerminologySharinganddiscussionofcasesofethics01OverviewofethicsDefinitionEmphasisisanInflammatoryconditionofthebrainparenchymathatiscommonlycausedbyaviralinfectionItcanalsobesecondarytootherinfections,autoimmunediseases,ormalignanciesClassificationEncephalitisisclassifiedbasedonthecause,withvirtualethicsbeingthemostcommontypeOthertypesincludebacterial,fungal,andparasiticethicsDefinitionandclassificationEtiologyThemostcommoncauseofethicsisaviralinfection,oftenbyavirusthatiscirculatinginthecommunityHerpessimplexvirus(HSV)andVaricellazostervirus(VZV)aretwoofthemostcommonvirusesthatcauseethicsPathogenesisThepathogenesofethicsinvolvetheinvasionofvirusesintothecentralnervoussystem(CNS)andthesubsequenceimmediateresponsemountedbythebodytocleartheinfectionThisimmediateresponsecanleadtoinflationanddamagetothebrainissueTheecologyandpathogenesisofethicsSymptomsCommonsymbolsofethicsincludefever,headache,invoicing,fusion,size,andalternativeconsciousnessesThesymptomscanvarydependingonthecauseandtheseverityoftheinfectionSignsSignsofevidenceincludingfever,meningismus(stiffneckorKernig'ssign),focalneurologicaldefects(suchasweaknessornumbness),andabnormalfindingsonneuroimagingstudies(suchasbrainswellingorfocalless)Symptomsandsignsofethics02ImagingpresentationsofethicsGeneralchanges01Enlargementofthevegetables,lossofgraywhitematterdifferentiation,andbrainswitchingarecommonfindingsonCTscansofpatientswithethicsLocalizedlessons02Focalormultifocallessonsinthebrainparenchyma,oftenwithmasseffect,canbeobservedTheselessonscanmimicstrokeortutorEnhancement03InflammationandbloodrainbarrierbreakdowncanleadtoenhancementoftheaffectedbrainissueonpostcontrastCTscansCTscanfindingsT2/FLAIRhyperintensitiesMRIismoresensitivethanCTfordetectingparallellesionsinethicsT2weightedandfluidattendedinversionrecovery(FLAIR)sequencesoftenshowhyperintensitylesionsintheaffectedareasDWIlessonsDiffusionweightedimaging(DWI)candetectcyclotoxicedemaassociatedwithethics,showingrestricteddiffusionwithintheaffectedbrainissueEnhancementSimilartoCT,MRIenhancementcanoccurduetobloodbrainbarrierbreakdownandinflationGadoliniumenhancementismorespecificforactiveinflationMRIscanfindingsEEGpresentationsBackgroundactivity:EEGstylishlyshowsdiffuseslowinginpatientswithepilepsy,indicatingwidespreadbraindysfunctionFocalslowing:Iftheinfectionisfocal,EEGmayshowfocalslowingorepileptiformactivityinthecorrespondingareaParoxysmalactivity:SharpwavesorepileptiformdischargescanbeobservedduringtheactivephaseofcoherenceorinassociationwithsizesInsummary,imagingplaysacriticalroleinthediagnosisandmanagementofpatientswithethicsCTandMRIscansprovideinformationonthelocationandextentofbraininvolvement,whileEEGcanassessthedegreeofbraindysfunctionandguidesizemanagementUnderstandingtheimagingpresentationsofevidenceisessentialfornursestoeffectivelyassessandcareforthesepatients03EncephalitiscareMonitorvitalsigns:Regularlycheckandrecordtemperature,bloodpressure,heartrate,andrespiratoryratetoassessthepatient'sconditionanddetectanychangesindicatingworrisomeevidenceActphasecareControlseatsAdministerantiseatmedicinetopreventorcontrolseatsassociatedwithethicsProvidecomfortmeasuresEnsurethatthepatientiscomfortable,andprovidepayrelieforsedimentationifnecessaryMaintainairAssistwithanyrespiratorydiseases,suchasmaintaininganopenairandadvancingoxygenifnecessaryActphasecareAssistwithphysicalrecovery,includingrangeofmotionexercises,strengthtraining,andbalanceretrainingPhysicalrehabilitationAddresscognitivedeficitscausedbyethics,suchasmemorylossorattentionproblems,throughcognitiveexercisesandbehavioraltherapyCognitiverehabilitationProvidespeechtherapytohelppatientsretaintheirabilitytospeakandcommunicateeffectivelySpeechtherapyProvideemotionalsupportandpublishingtohelppatientsscopewiththepsychologicalimpactofethicsPsychologicalsupportRehabilitationcareImmunizationEncouragevacancyagainstvirusesthatcancauseencephalitis,suchasmeasuresandlumpsRecognizesyndromesEducatepatientsonthesyndromesofevidencetoenableearlydetectionandtreatmentMonitorforrecurrenceMonitorpatientsforanysignsofethicsrecurrenceandensurepromptmedicalattentionifnecessaryHygienemeasuresPromotegoodpersonalhygienepracticestoreducetheriskofcontractingethics,suchasfrequenthandlingandavoidingclosecontactwithpeoplewhoareillPreventivecare04EncephalitisEnglishProfessionalTerminologyMRI(MagneticResolutionImaging)AdiagnostictestthatusesmagneticfieldsandradiowavestocreatedetailedimagesofthebrainItisoftenusedtodiagnoseethicsbyidentifyingbrainswitchingorlessonsCTScan(ComputedTomography)AdiagnosticimagingtechniquethatusesX-raystocreatecrosssectionalimagesofthebrainItcandetectbrainswitching,blending,andothersignsofethicsEEG(Electroencephalogram)AtestthatmeasurestheelectricalactivityofthebrainItisusedtodiagnoseencephalitisbyidentifyingabnormalbrainwavesCommonEnglishdiagnostictermsDieticsMedicationsthathelpremoveexcessfluidfromthebodyTheyareusedinthetreatmentofbrainswitchingcausedbyethicsAntibioticsMedicationsusedtokillbacteriaandpreventtheirgrowthAntibioticsareoftenusedtotreatencephalitiscausedbybacteriaSteroidsMedicationsthatreduceinflationandswingingTheyarecommonlyusedinthetreatmentofethicstoreducebrainswellingandinflationCommonEnglishtreatmenttermsAssessingandmanagingthecareofpatientswhorequiremechanicalventilationtoassistwithbreathingThisincludesensuringproperairwaypatency,monitoringvendorsettings,andprovidingcomfortmeasuresAssessingandmaintainingapatient'sfluidbalanceThisinvolvesmonitoringintoandout,assessingforsignsofdehydrationorfluidoverload,andprovidingappropriatefluidsasneededAssessingapatient'slevelofconsensus,orientation,memory,andothercognitivefunctionsThisisimportantinevidencecasestomonitorforpositivechangesorfusionthatmayindicatediseaseprogressionortreatmenteffectsVentilatorCareFluidManagementCognitiveAssessmentsCommonEnglishnumberingterms05SharinganddiscussionofcasesofethicsImagingpresentationsCTscanandMRIoftenshowbrainparenchymasweeping,cerebralvesselsfishing,andfocallessonsNursingcaremaintainunobstructedairway,ensureoxygensupply,monitorvitalsigns,andprovidecomfortcaretoreduceanxietyandpayNursingexperiencesharingmaintaingoodcommunicationwithparents,providepsychologicalsupport,andensurethatparentsunderstandtheconditionandtreatmentplanCase1:Imagingpresentationsandnumberingofpediatricethics要點(diǎn)三ImagingpresentationsCTscanandMRIoftenshowcerebraledema,masseffect,andwhitematterlessons要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二Nursingcaremaintainbloodpressureandoxygensaturationwithinnormalrange,monitorconsciousnessandGlasgowcom