備考2024屆高考英語一輪復習課時提能第一部分過透教材Unit2LookingintotheFuture新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

Unit2LookingintotheFuture一、閱讀理解A[科技創(chuàng)新]InPaloAlto，California，ElonMuskpresentedaprototype（原型）ofthehumanoid（類人的）robotOptimus，whichhiscompanyTeslahopestoproduceonedayby"millions"to"transformcivilization"andbuilda"futureofabundance"wherepovertywillbegone.Therobot，whichremainsworkinprogress，wavedtotheaudienceandraiseditsknees.TeslaisadoptingitsautonomouscartechnologytogiveOptimusabilitiessuchaswalkingsafelyorworkingonthefactoryfloor."Therobotcanactuallydoalotmorethanwejustshowedyou，"saidMusk."TeslaisdesigningOptimusrobotstobeproducedathighrates，pushingthepriceperhapslowerthan$20，000，"Muskadded."Thismeansafutureofabundance，afuturewherethereisnopovertyandwhereyoucanhavewhatyouwantintermsofproductsandservices.Itreallyisafundamentaltransformationofcivilizationasweknowit."Musk，whooncewarnedofartificialintelligencebeingathreattomankind，saidthatTeslawantstomakesurethetransition（過渡）toasocietyinwhichrobotsdotheworkandpeoplegainthebenefitsisasafeone."Wealwayswanttobecarefulwedon’tgodowntheTerminatorpath，"hecautioned，referringtoafamousfilmaboutakillerrobotandnotingthatTeslaisbuildinginsafeguardsincludingastopbuttonthatcan’tbechangedwithoutpermission.MusksaidTeslawillbegintestingOptimusonthefactoryfloor，lettingtherobotsdosimpletaskslikecarryingparts，andthatthegeneralpublicshouldbeabletopurchasetherobotsinthreetofiveyears.Healsoadded，"Tesla，asapubliclytradedcompany，willbeheldaccountablebyitsshareholdersiftheythinkitisn’tbeingsociallyresponsible.It’sveryimportantthatIcan’tjustdowhatIwant.Tesla’sstructureisidealforthat."ElonMusk展示了人形機器人Optimus的原型，他的公司特斯拉希望有一天能大量生產(chǎn)這種機器人，以"改造文明"，建立一個消除貧困的"富足的未來"?！驹~語積累】transformv.使改觀，使變形，使轉化autonomousadj.有自主能力的，自主的fundamentaladj.根本的，基本的，基礎的；必不可少的，十分重要的safeguardn.安全設施，保護措施accountableadj.負有責任的【熟詞生義】caution常用義：n.謹慎，小心文中義：v.告誡，提醒【長難句解讀】Musk，whooncewarnedof(artificialintelligencebeingathreattoWho引導的定語從句，artificial…mankind)，saidthatTeslawantstomakesure{thetransition(過渡)toasociety(inwhichrobotsmankind為動名詞短語的復合結構，that引導的賓語從句，其中包含一個省略了引導詞的賓語從句，dotheworkandpeoplegainthebenefits)isasafeone}.該賓語從句中又包含一個“in+關系代詞which”引導的定語從句譯文：Musk曾警告說人工智能會對人類構成威脅，他表示，特斯拉希望確保向機器人工作、人類受益的社會的過渡是安全的。1.WhatisOptimusexpectedtodo？A.Playabigroleinfactorywork.B.Liftthefutureworldoutofpoverty.C.Walkandwavegreetingslikehumans.D.Providefundamentalservicespeoplewant.解析B細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"whichhiscompanyTeslahopesto...builda‘futureofabundance’wherepovertywillbegone"和第二段中的"Thismeansafutureofabundance，afuturewherethereisnopovertyandwhereyoucanhavewhatyouwantintermsofproductsandservices"可知，特斯拉希望有一天能大量生產(chǎn)Optimus機器人，以"改造文明"，建立一個"富足的未來"，讓貧窮消失。這意味著一個富足的未來，一個沒有貧窮的未來，在那里你可以得到你想要的產(chǎn)品和服務。由此可知，Optimus機器人被期待能讓未來世界擺脫貧困。綜上可知，本題選B。2.Whyisthefilmmentionedinparagraph3？A.Toshareastoryabouthumanoidrobots.B.Totelltheharmofusinghumanoidrobots.C.Towarnofthethreatofartificialintelligence.D.ToproveTesla’sdevotiontosafehumanoidrobots.解析D意圖推斷題。由第三段中的"asafeone""‘Wealwayswanttobecarefulwedon’tgodown...notingthatTeslaisbuildinginsafeguards...withoutpermission"可知，提及電影《終結者》是為了證明特斯拉會規(guī)避電影中機器人害人的隱患，竭力打造安全的人形機器人，故選D。3.WhatdoMusk’swordsinthelastparagraphimply？A.HeisinfavorofTesla’smanagement.B.Robotswillbeeasilyavailableforallsoon.C.Teslashouldbemoresociallyresponsible.D.OptimusisnoneofTesla’sshareholders’concern.解析A推理判斷題。由最后一段內容可知，Musk補充道，如果股東認為特斯拉公司沒有負起社會責任，公司要對此作出解釋。特斯拉的體系是理想的。由此可知，Musk對特斯拉的管理模式是認同的，故選A。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.Optimus：ABreakthroughProductbyElonMuskB.Optimus：APossibilityofTransformingtheWorldC.HumanoidRobots：APromiseofaBetterFutureD.HumanoidRobots：ANewTechnicalFocusofTesla解析B標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文的主要內容是：ElonMusk展示了人形機器人Optimus的原型，他的公司特斯拉希望有一天能大量生產(chǎn)這種機器人，以"改造文明"，建立一個消除貧困的"富足的未來"。由此可知，B項（Optimus：改變世界的可能性）做本文標題最佳。B[科技創(chuàng)新/2024湖北武漢外國語診斷]Carspoweredbybatteriesmadefromseawaterandplanesfueledbyammonia（氨）willbecomecommonoverthenext10years，BillDavid，aprofessorofmaterialschemistryhaspredicted.Mostbatteriesforelectriccarsandsmartphonesarepoweredbylithium（鋰），whichhastobemined，butDavidthinksthattheywillbeovertakenbybatteriesmadefromsodium（鈉），whichcanbeobtainedfromseawaterandsalt.Thefutureofairtravelcouldalsobegreenerthankstobiofuels.Davidsaid，"Wearedevelopinganammonia-basedplane.Inprinciple，wecanimproveonanAirbusA320oraBoeing787andessentiallyreplacejetfuelwithammonia."Davidsaidthatbatteriescould，atfirst，combinesodiumandlithium，assodiumisnotquiteaspowerfulaslithiumbutismuchmoresufficient."It’snotquiteperfectintermsofperformance，soweneedboth，"Davidsaid."Sodiumisonthewayupandmostelectriccarshavehadacombinationoflithiumandsodiumbatteriesinthem.Myestimateisthatby2040Iwouldnotbesurprisedifthereweretentimesmoresodiumbatteriesthanlithiumones，maybeeven100times."Thefirstgenerationofmass-producedsodiumbatterieshasbeenusedforanelectriccarforthefirsttime.Sodiumwillnotbethefinalanswertoeco-friendlyairtravel，however，whichiswhyDavid’steamislookingintotheuseofammonia.Somecompaniesarelookingintowhetherjetfuelcanbereplacedwithhydrogen，butDavidseesammoniamoresustainable.Hesaid，"Ifyoudoasum，thenat500mphyougetthesameamountofpowerasjetfuel，butjust40percentoftherange.However，eventhough，aBoeing787couldstillgofromLondontoNewYork."However，areportfromtheRoyalSocietyonnet-zeroaviation，whichDavidco-wrote，saysthatreplacingjetfuelwithbiofuelswouldrequirehalfoftheagriculturallandintheUK.材料化學專家BillDavid預測，未來10年由海水制成的鈉電池驅動的汽車和以氨為燃料的飛機將變得普遍。由于生物燃料的使用，未來的航空旅行也會更加環(huán)保。1.Whatisanadvantageofsodiumbatteries？A.Theirperformanceiseasytoimprove.B.Theirrawmaterialiseasilyaccessible.C.Theyarewidelyappliedtovariousvehicles.D.Theyaremorepowerfulthanotherbatteries.解析B細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Davidthinksthattheywillbeovertakenbybatteriesmadefromsodium（鈉），whichcanbeobtainedfromseawaterandsalt"可知，David認為鋰電池將被鈉制成的電池取代，鈉可以從海水和鹽中獲得。由此可知，電池的原材料鈉可以輕松獲得，故選B。2.AccordingtoDavid，whichisidealforfutureelectriccars？A.Thelithiumbattery.B.Thesodiumbattery.C.Hydrogenfuel.D.Ammoniafuel.解析B細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Myestimateisthatby2040...maybeeven100times"可知，到2040年，如果鈉電池的數(shù)量是鋰電池的10倍，甚至可能是100倍，David不會感到驚訝。由此可知，David認為未來電動汽車的理想選擇是鈉電池，故選B。3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout？A.Hydrogencastsalightonthejetfuelmarket.B.Electriccarmakersfavorsodiumbatteries.C.Ammoniafeaturessustainabilityandpracticability.D.Companieshavemass-producedrecycledbatteries.解析C段落大意題。結合第五段內容，尤其是本段中的"Davidseesammoniamoresustainable""Ifyoudoasum，thenat500mph...aBoeing787couldstillgofromLondontoNewYork"可知，該段主要講述氨的可持續(xù)性和實用性特點，故選C。4.What’sDavid’sattitudetoreplacingjetfuelwithbiofuels？A.Tolerant. B.Unclear.C.Cautious. D.Doubtful.解析C態(tài)度推斷題。由最后一段的內容可知，David參與撰寫的一份來自英國皇家學會關于凈零排放航空的報告稱，用生物燃料取代噴氣燃料將需要英國一半的農業(yè)用地。由此可推知，David對于用生物燃料取代噴氣燃料這一舉措持慎重態(tài)度，故選C。二、七選五[2023江西名校聯(lián)考]WheneverhumansconsiderthefutureofAI，theyhaveonebigquestioninmind：willrobotstakemyjob？Whileit’struethatsomejobswilldisappear，newonesthatinvolveworkingspecificallywithAIwillarise.1ManyjobswillbecomemorerewardingaspeopleperformtheirworkalongsideAI，solvingproblemsinnewandexcitingways.AIhasalreadychangedalmosteveryindustry，butthefutureofAIpromisestorevolutionizeevenmorebusinesses.Healthcare：2Thiswillmakeearlylifesavingtreatmentmorelikely.TheymightuseAItocreatenewwaystotreatillnesseslikedementia（癡呆）andcancer.Theycoulduseittopredictfutureillnesses，combiningapatient’shealthhistoryandgeneticdatatocreateapreventativecareplan.Serviceindustry：Inthefuture，robotsandmachinesrunbyAIcouldreplacecustomerservicerepresentativesandcashiers.3Robotsarealreadyusedatsomefast-foodrestaurants.Lawenforcement：Somedaysoon，AIfacialrecognitioninsecuritycamerascouldhelppoliceofficerscatchpotentialcriminals.4Transportation：Saygoodbyetotaxidrivers.Inthefuture，carswillbeabletodrivethemselves（somealreadydo）.5Marketing：AIalreadytargetsyouwithcustomizedadsonsocialmediasites，butsoonitmayevenbeabletocreatetheadsyouseeorarticlesyouread.A.WecanalsohaveAI-equippedrobotcooks.B.Wemayalsoseeautomatedtrainsandairplanes.C.Thebiggestchangemaybeinwhatwegetfromwork.D.WithAI，doctorswillbeabletobetterdiagnoseillnesses.E.AI-runrobotsarealreadyusedassecurityofficersinsomebusinesses.F.Therearealreadyarticlesthatarealmostasgoodaswhatahumancreates.G.WhilethefutureofAIhaslotsofpositives，therearesomenegatives，too.本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能已經(jīng)或即將被用于哪些領域。1.C"ManyjobswillbecomemorerewardingaspeopleperformtheirworkalongsideAI，solvingproblemsinnewexcitingways"與C項（Thebiggestchangemaybeinwhatwegetfromwork）相吻合。2.D由小標題"Healthcare"可知，第三段主要介紹人工智能在醫(yī)療保健領域的應用。D項（有了人工智能，醫(yī)生將能夠更好地診斷疾?。┓媳径沃髦肌?.A由小標題"Serviceindustry"可知，第四段主要介紹人工智能在服務行業(yè)的應用。A項（我們也可以有配備人工智能的機器人廚師）符合本段主旨，且與下文中的"Robotsarealreadyusedatsomefast-foodrestaurants"銜接自然。4.EE項（人工智能運行的機器人已經(jīng)被用作一些企業(yè)的安保人員）與Lawenforcement相吻合，且與下文銜接自然。5.B由小標題"Transportation"可知，第六段主要介紹人工智能在運輸領域的應用。B項（我們還可能看到自動化的火車和飛機）符合本段主旨。三、完形填空[2024廣東揭陽階段考]WeaskedProfessorJohnWilliams，afuturologist，forhisexpertpredictionsonlifeinthenextfewdecades.Here’swhathesaid.Unfortunately，itlooksquitelikelythattheclimatemay1significantly，withhottersummers，colderwintersandmoreflooding.Atthesametime，fuelforheatingorairconditioningwillprobablybecomemuchmoreexpensive.Forthesereasons，ourhouseswillcertainlyhavetobecomemuchbetter2.Peoplearealreadybuildingso-called‘passivehouses’，whichhavelittleornocentralheatingatall，3thebodyheatofthepeoplewholivethere.Homesprobablywon’tbeasbig，andsowewillneedmoreadaptablefurniture，suchassofabeds，andwhenwearenot4ourfurniturewewillbeabletofolditawayintowallcabinets（壁櫥）.Housescouldhavemoveablewallssothatthesamespacecanbe5indifferentways.Newtechnologywillmakeusmoreself-sufficient（自給自足的）.Kitchensmayhavefishtankswhich，aswellasprovidingfishtoeat，also6freshvegetables.Theplantswill7oxygenforthefish.Thesetankswillbepoweredbyhouseholdwasteandcreate8，whichcanthenbeusedtorunthefamilycar—9wemightnotallhavecars！Waterwillbemoreexpensiveandthehomeofthefuturewillprobablybedesignedtousemuch10water.Washingmachinesanddishwashersmightusesoundwavestoshake11off.Wemayeventakeshowersusingsoundwaves.Whatwaterwedousewillberecycledandusedagainroundthehouseandprivateswimmingpoolswillbecomeathingofthe12.Wewillalso13havemorerobotsinourhouses，thoughtheywon’tlookliketheonesinfilms.Therewillprobablybesmallrobots14tocleanthefridgeoropenthecurtains.15fridgeswilltelluswhenfoodisabouttogooutofdateandevensuggestrecipes，andwewillbeabletocommunicatewithourhomesbymobilephonewhereverweare.本文主要講的是JohnWilliams對未來的預測。1.A.change B.improveC.respond D.cool解析A由下文中的"withhottersummers，colderwintersandmoreflooding"可知，氣候可能會發(fā)生改變，故選A。2.A.adve