2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時提能練Unit1PeopleofAchievement新人教版選擇性必修第一冊含答案

Unit1PeopleofAchievement一、閱讀理解A[2024浙江名校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考]GladysWest，themathematician，wasbornin1930inVirginiaandhadtohelpharvestcropsonherfamily’sfarm.Thehardworkstartedbeforedaybreakandlastedwellintotheblisteringheatoftheafternoon.Togetoutofthere，shewasgoingtogetaneducation.Herparentstriedtosavesomemoneytosendhertocollege，butunexpectedbillskepthittingthefund.Thenateacherannouncedthatthestatewasgoingtogiveacollegescholarshiptothetwotopstudentsfromhergrade.Finally，Westgotthescholarship，allowinghertoattendVirginiaStateCollege（nowVirginiaStateUniversity），ahistoricallyblackuniversity.Westdecidedtomajorinmathematicsbecauseitwasawell-respectedsubject.Itwaslargelystudiedbymen，butshedidn’ttakemuchnoticeofitassheknewdeepinherheartthatnothingwasgettinginherway.Aftergraduating，shebecameateacher.Afewyearslater，shereturnedtotheuniversityandearnedamaster’sdegreeinmathematics.ThenshewasofferedajobatanavalbaseinDahlgren，Virginia.Thismadeheronlythesecondblackwomantobehiredtoworkasaprogrammeratthebase.Despiteherintellectualabilitiesandcareersuccess，Westfeltshewasinferior.Itwasthisfeeling，deeplyrootedandfeltbymanyAfricanAmericans，thatdrovehertoworkashardasshecould.Westdeterminedtocommitherselftoherwork，hopingthatbydoingittothebestofherability，shecouldgetrecognitionforherwork.Westdidjustthat.In1978，shebecameprojectmanagerfortheSeasatproject，thefirstsatellitethatcouldmonitortheoceans.SheprogrammedanIBM7030"Stretch"computer，providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.In1998，aged68，sheintendedtofocusonherPhDafterretirement.SheeventuallyfinishedhergraduationthesisandgainedherPhDinpublicadministrationandpolicyaffairsin2000attheageof70.本文主要介紹了非裔美國數(shù)學(xué)家GladysWest的故事。她幼年家境貧困，上大學(xué)時主修數(shù)學(xué)，畢業(yè)后擔(dān)任教師，后又成為海軍基地的程序員。由于工作努力，她成為項目經(jīng)理，70歲時獲得了博士學(xué)位。【詞語積累】programmern.（計算機）程序員intellectualadj.智力的；有才智的commitoneselfto致力于accurateadj.準(zhǔn)確的，精確的1.WhatwasthedecisivefactortoenableGladysWesttogototheuniversity？A.Herteacher’saidingher.B.Herparents’payingtheexpenses.C.Herfamilybackground.D.Thescholarshipfromthegovernment.解析D細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的"Thenateacherannouncedthat...fromhergrade"可知，政府將給她那個年級的兩名優(yōu)等生提供大學(xué)獎學(xué)金。結(jié)合該段下文內(nèi)容可知，她獲得了獎學(xué)金，進入了大學(xué)。據(jù)此可知，是政府提供的獎學(xué)金促成了她讀大學(xué)，故D項正確。2.Whatcanweinferfromthetext？A.Westgotallherdegreesafterretirement.B.MendominatedthemathsfieldinWest’sdays.C.Blackwomenscientists’talentwasfullyappreciated.D.Whenshebegantowork，Westfeltshewassuperiortoothers.解析B推理判斷題。由第三段的"Itwaslargelystudiedbymen"可知，在那個年代，數(shù)學(xué)主要是由男性研究的；據(jù)此可以推知，在West那個年代，男性在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域占主導(dǎo)地位，故選B項。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"abuildingblock"inparagraph5mean？A.Abasicpart. B.Adetailedmap.C.Abuildingmaterial. D.Amajorobstacle.解析A詞義猜測題。由語境可知，畫線短語所在句表示"這個詳細的地球形狀數(shù)學(xué)模型是GPS軌道的基礎(chǔ)"，故畫線短語的意思應(yīng)為"基礎(chǔ)組成部分，構(gòu)成要素"，所以A項切題。4.WhatkindofpersonwasGladysWest？A.Helpfulandserious.B.Honestandhardworking.C.Ambitiousandcommitted.D.Considerateanddevoted.解析C推理判斷題。由第一段描述可知，GladysWest自小在家從事艱苦勞動，為了離開家，她決定上學(xué)；由第三段內(nèi)容可知，她決定學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)，雖然該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)男性居多，但她深知沒有什么可以阻擋她。據(jù)此可以推知，她是一位有抱負的人。由第四段的"Itwasthisfeeling...workashardasshecould"可知，她是一位對工作盡心盡力的人。綜上可知，C項正確。B[2023河南鄭州一測]FrenchwriterAnnieErnauxwonthe2022NobelPrizeinLiteraturein2022.SheisthefirstFrenchfemalewritertohavewontheprize.InthewordsoftheNobelcommittee，Ernauxwasgiventheaward"forthecourageandclinicalacuity（敏銳度）"ofherwriting.Havingspentover5decadesasawriter，the83-year-oldwinnerhaspublishedmorethan20bookstohername，includingCleanedOut（1974），Shame（1997），a2008memoir（回憶錄）calledTheYearsandAGirl’sStory（2020）.Ratherthanconsiderherselfawriteroffiction，Ernauxhasusedtheterm"anethnologist（社會人類學(xué)家）ofherself"todescribeherself.Bornin1940inaruralvillageinNormandy，F(xiàn)rance，Ernauxgrewupinaworking-classenvironmentasherparentsranacombinedgrocerystoreandcafé.Sheworkedasateacherbeforebecomingafull-timewriter.TwobooksbyotherFrenchwritersinspiredhertobeawriter：TheSecondSexbySimonedeBeauvoirandDistinctionbyPierreBourdieu.Theformerledhertowriteaboutfeminism（女權(quán)主義），andthelatterraisedherawarenessofthehugegapbetweenherandtheenvironmentshegrewupin.Besidesherreadinginfluences，her"upbringingandexperiencesnavigatingadolescenceandadulthood"alsoinspiremanyofherworks，notedthesocialmedia.Forexample，thebookShameexploresthethemeofchildhoodtrauma（精神創(chuàng)傷）whileAGirl’sStoryfollowsayoungwoman’scomingofageinthe1950s.ThoughthemattersErnauxdescribesinherbooksareseriousandevensometimesheavy，theyarealwayswritteninplainlanguage.Ernauxdescribedherstyleas"flatwriting"throughwhichsheaimstotellherstoriesobjectively."Herstyleisunshapedbyflorid（過多修飾的）descriptionoroverwhelmingemotions，"notedFoxNews."Shewritesaboutthingsthatnooneelsewritesabout，forinstanceherjealousy（嫉妒），herexperiencesasanabandonedloverandsoon，Imean，reallyhardexperiences，"AndersOlsson，chairmanoftheNobelliteraturecommittee，saidaftertheawardannouncementinStockholm.Hewentontosay，"Shegiveswordsfortheseexperiencesthatareverysimpleandstriking.Theyareshortbooks，buttheyarereallymoving."2022年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎頒給了AnnieErnaux，她是第一位贏得這個獎項的法國女作家?！驹~語積累】inspirev.激勵，鼓舞；賦予靈感，啟發(fā)思考o(jì)bjectivelyadv.客觀地descriptionn.描寫（文字），形容，說明1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAnnieErnauxfromthepassage？A.Shedescribedherselfasasciencefictionwriter.B.Shestartedwithafull-timewriterbeforebeingateacher.C.SheisconsideredtobethefirstFrenchpersontohavewontheprize.D.Shewasawardedforthebraveryandobservationshowninherwriting.解析D細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中的"Inthewords...‘forthecourageandclinicalacuity（敏銳度）’ofherwriting"可知，D項正確。2.WhatinspiredAnnieErnauxtowriteherworks？A.Herhardshipsoflife.B.Herteachingcareer.C.Herpersonalexperiences.D.Herworking-classbackground.解析C細節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的"TwobooksbyotherFrenchwritersinspiredhertobeawriter"和"Besidesherreadinginfluences，her‘upbringingandexperiencesnavigatingadolescenceandadulthood’...works"可知，AnnieErnaux寫作主要受到兩個方面的影響：一是她讀過的書，二是她的教養(yǎng)和個人經(jīng)歷，故C項正確。3.WhichwordsbestdescribeAnnieErnaux’swritingstyle？A.Seriousandsharp.B.Plainandobjective.C.Lightandhumorous.D.Elegantanddescriptive.解析B細節(jié)理解題。由文章第六段中的"Ernauxdescribedherstyleas‘flatwriting’...objectively"可知，B項正確。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.AWomanTellingHerOwnStoriesB.ATeacherBecomingaFull-timeWriterC.AFemaleWriterWinningManyAwardsD.AFrenchFemaleFightingforWomen’sRights解析A標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講述了AnnieErnaux通過平淡地、客觀地、勇敢地在作品中講述自己的經(jīng)歷從而獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的事情。故A項（一個講述她自己故事的女士）最適合做本文的標(biāo)題。二、完形填空[2023江蘇四校期中聯(lián)考]InmemoryofMarieCurieonherbirthdayonSaturday，theofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizepostedaphotographofhernotebooksaying."MarieCuriediedofaplasticanaemia（再生障礙性貧血）on4July，1934，aresultofyearsofexposuretoradiationthroughherwork.Eventodayherlaboratorynotebookfrom1899to1902，is1andwillbefor1，500years."ThetalesofMarieandotherscientistsofhertimeareinsomesensevery2.WilhelmConradRoentgendiscoveredX-rayin1895.Ayearlater，AntoineHenriBecquerelfoundthatsomenaturalsubstances3rays，too.Later，Marieandherphysicisthusband，PierreCurie，gaveita（n）4，radioactivity.However，the5effectsofradioactivitywerenotdiscovereduntildecadeslater.Marieandher6scientistsdealtwithradioactivesubstancesfordecadesusinglittleornoprotection.Marie’sdeathisareminderoftheriskspioneersinscience7.Itwasonlyafterpeoplehandlingradioactivesubstancesbegantogetsimilar8thatmedicalexpertsaskedpeopletouseprotection.Today，medicalhealthworkersandpatientswearheavyprotective9duringX-rays.Itisalmost10thatthoseexploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers.Thereisa（n）11forbetterprotectionforthepioneers，butthatisnotpossibleuntilthedangersarefullyknown.Forexample，thespacesuitsastronautswear12themagainstradiation.However，only13willtelliftherearesomeotherunknowndangers.Thecontributionsandsacrificesbysuchpioneerstothefieldofscienceare14anddeservingofourrespect.Becausethepioneersnotonly15newfrontiers，butalsohelpusbetterprotectourselvesfromunknownsurroundings.本文介紹了著名科學(xué)家居里夫人及其他科學(xué)先驅(qū)為科學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出的貢獻和犧牲。1.A.extraordinary B.radioactiveC.protective D.creative解析B由"MarieCuriediedofaplasticanaemia（再生障礙性貧血）on4July，1934，aresultofyearsofexposuretoradiationthroughherwork"可知，即使在今天，她的實驗室筆記本仍具有放射性，故選B。extraordinary非凡的，radioactive放射性的，protective保護性的，creative有創(chuàng)意的。2.A.tragic B.inspirationalC.romantic D.meaningful解析A由"MarieCuriediedofaplasticanaemia（再生障礙性貧血）on4July，1934，aresultofyearsofexposuretoradiationthroughherwork"可知，瑪麗和她同時代的其他科學(xué)家雖然為科學(xué)做出了巨大貢獻，但是結(jié)局卻很悲慘（tragic），故選A。inspirational鼓舞人心的，romantic浪漫的，meaningful有意義的。3.A.blocked B.absorbedC.reflected D.emitted解析D一年后，安托萬·亨利·貝克勒爾發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些天然物質(zhì)也會發(fā)出（emitted）射線，故選D。block阻塞，absorb吸收，reflect反射。4.A.privilege B.nameC.notice D.identity解析B后來，瑪麗和她的物理學(xué)家丈夫皮埃爾·居里給它起了個名字——放射性。privilege特權(quán)，name名字，notice注意，identity身份。B項符合語境。5.A.scientific B.novelC.sensitive D.harmful解析D由"MarieCuriediedofaplasticanaemia（再生障礙性貧血）on4July，1934，aresultofyearsofexposuretoradiationthroughherwork"可知，此處指的是有害的（harmful）影響，故選D。scientific科學(xué)的，novel新奇的，sensitive敏感的。6.A.contemporary B.conservativeC.curious D.cautious解析A幾十年中，瑪麗和她同時代的（contemporary）科學(xué)家在處理放射性物質(zhì)時幾乎或完全沒有防護措施，故選A。conservative保守的，curious好奇的，cautious謹(jǐn)慎的。7.A.deliver B.relieveC.undertake D.generate解析C瑪麗的死提醒人們科學(xué)先驅(qū)所承擔(dān)（undertake）的風(fēng)險，故選C。deliver交付，relieve緩解，generate產(chǎn)生。8.A.rewards B.warningsC.diseases D.titles解析C由空前的"getsimilar"及空后的"thatmedicalexpertsaskedpeopletouseprotection"可知，接觸放射性物質(zhì)的人開始患上類似居里夫人所患的疾?。╠iseases）。9.A.glasses B.glovesC.shoes D.covers解析D由常識可知，醫(yī)護人員和病人在做X光檢查時都要戴上厚厚的防護罩（covers）。10.A.odd B.inevitableC.critical D.intimidating解析B探索科學(xué)前沿時，將自己暴露在未知的危險中是幾乎不可避免的（inevitable）。11.A.focus B.evolutionC.demand D.breakthrough解析C先驅(qū)們需要更好的保護，但在完全了解危險之前，這是不可能的，故選C。12.A.protect B.fightC.warn D.forbid解析A例如，宇航員穿的宇航服可以保護（protect）他們免受輻射。13.A.space B.timeC.technology D.history解析B由"However，the5effectsofradioactivitywerenotdiscovereduntildecadeslater"可知，只有時間（time）才能證明是否還有其他未知的危險。14.A.unmatched B.upliftingC.glorious D.concrete解析A由上文中的"Itisalmost10thatthoseexploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers"可知，這些先驅(qū)對科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的貢獻和犧牲是無與倫比的（unmatched）。15.A.extend B.proceedC.mount D.explore解析D由上文中的"Itisalmost10thatthoseexploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers"及空后的"newfrontiers"可知，此處指探索（explore）新的前沿領(lǐng)域。三、語法填空[中國情懷/2024江蘇海安三校聯(lián)考]PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacescience1QianXuesenhas.BorninHangzhouin1911，QianwenttotheUnitedStatesforfurtherstudiesin1935.SoonasapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology，heandhiscolleagues2（found）theJetPropulsionLaboratoryinthe1940s，nowoneofNASA’sleadingspace-explorationcentres.3（overcome）manydifficultiesintheUS，QianeventuallyreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceiveda4（hero）welcomefromhishomeland.Atthattime，inpoorChina，itsrocketsciencewasundeveloped：Nomajorsinrocketscience.Notalents.Noexperts.Nevertheless，the"No"sdidn’tdiscouragehimfromtaking5challenges.Hisreplyto"CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles？"wasa6（determine）"Whynot？WeChineseareabletomakethesamethings7otherpeoplemake".UnderQian’sleadership，Chinade