經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表

經(jīng)濟(jì)金融術(shù)語漢英對照表A

安全網(wǎng)safetynet

按可比口徑oncomparablebasis

按輕重緩急toprioritize

暗補(bǔ)implicitsubsidy

暗虧hiddenloss

B

頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照tolicense;tograntalicenceto

辦理存款業(yè)務(wù)totakedeposits

保護(hù)農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce

備付金（超額準(zhǔn)備金）excessreserves

本外幣并賬consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts

本外幣對沖操作sterilizationoperation

本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism

奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do

避稅（請見“逃稅”）taxavoidance

幣種搭配不當(dāng)currencymismatch

幣種構(gòu)成currencycomposition

變相社會集資disguisedirregular（orillegal）fundraising

表外科目（業(yè)務(wù)）off-balance-sheetitems（operation）

薄弱環(huán)節(jié)weaknesses;loopholes

不變成本fixedcost

不變價(jià)atconstantprice;inrealterms

不動產(chǎn)realestate

不良貸款（資產(chǎn)）problemloans；non-performingloans（assets）

C

財(cái)務(wù)公司financecompanies

財(cái)政赤字fiscaldeficit

財(cái)政擠銀行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）

財(cái)政政策與貨幣政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies

采取循序漸進(jìn)的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner

操作彈性operationalflexibility

操縱匯率tomanipulateexchangerate

產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成productcomposition;productmix

產(chǎn)品積壓stockpile;excessiveinventory

產(chǎn)銷率currentperiodinventory;（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/outputratio

產(chǎn)銷銜接marketability

產(chǎn)業(yè)政策industrialpolicy

長期國債treasurybonds

敞口頭寸openposition

炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket

承購包銷underwrite（securities）

成套機(jī)電產(chǎn)品completesetsofequipment;completeplant（s）

城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）

城市合作銀行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks

城市商業(yè)銀行municipalcommercialbanks

城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價(jià)漲幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome

持續(xù)升溫persistentoverheating

重復(fù)布點(diǎn)duplicateprojects

重置成本replacementcost

重組計(jì)劃restructuringplan

籌資渠道fundingsources;financingchannels

初見成效initialsuccess

出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經(jīng)營canalizationofexports

出口退稅exporttaxrebate

儲蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）

儲蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits

儲源萎縮declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings

傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制transmissionmechanism

從價(jià)稅advaloremtax

從緊控制tightcontrol

存貸款比例loan/depositratio

存款保險(xiǎn)體系depositinsurancesystem

存款貨幣銀行depositmoneybanks

存款準(zhǔn)備金requiredreserves

D

打白條issueIOU

大額存單certificateofdeposit（CD）

大額提現(xiàn)withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts

大面積滑坡wide-spreaddecline

大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem

呆賬（請見“壞賬”）badloans

呆賬準(zhǔn)備金loanlossreserves（provisions）

呆滯貸款idleloans

貸款沉淀non-performingloans

貸款分類loanclassification

貸款限額管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling

貸款約束機(jī)制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism

代理國庫toactasfiscalagent

代理金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions

戴帽貸款ear-markedloans

倒逼機(jī)制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition

道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)moralhazard

地區(qū)差別regionaldisparity

第一產(chǎn)業(yè)theprimaryindustry

第二產(chǎn)業(yè)thesecondaryindustry

第三產(chǎn)業(yè)theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry

遞延資產(chǎn)deferrableassets

訂貨不足insufficientorders

定期存款timedeposits

定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources

東道國（請見“母國”）hostcountry

獨(dú)立核算independentaccounting

短期國債treasurybills

對沖操作sterilizationoperation;hedging

對非金融部門債權(quán)claimsonnon-financialsector

多種所有制形式diversifiedownership

E

惡性通貨膨脹hyperinflation

二級市場secondarymarket

F

發(fā)行貨幣toissuecurrency

發(fā)行總股本totalstockissue

法定準(zhǔn)備金requiredreserves;reserverequirement

法人股institutionalshares

法人股東institutionalshareholders

法治ruleoflaw

房地產(chǎn)投資realestateinvestment

放松銀根toeasemonetarypolicy

非現(xiàn)場稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）

非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)non-bankfinancialinstitutions

非贏利性機(jī)構(gòu)non-profitorganizations

分稅制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem

分業(yè)經(jīng)營segregationoffinancialbusiness（services）;divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)暴露（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口）riskexposure

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理riskmanagement

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識riskawareness

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)risk-basedcapitalstandard

服務(wù)事業(yè)收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges

扶貧povertyalleviation

負(fù)增長negativegrowth

復(fù)式預(yù)算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount

G

改革試點(diǎn)reformexperimentation

杠桿率leverageratio

杠桿收購leveragedbuyout

高息集資toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest

個(gè)人股non-institutionalshares

根本扭轉(zhuǎn)fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）

公開市場操作openmarketoperations

公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts

公用事業(yè)publicutilities

公有經(jīng)濟(jì)thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector

公有制publicownership

工業(yè)成本利潤率profit-to-costratio

工業(yè)增加值industrialvalueadded

供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply

鼓勵(lì)措施incentives

股份合作企業(yè)joint-equitycooperativeenterprises

股份制企業(yè)joint-equityenterprises

股份制銀行joint-equitybanks

固定資產(chǎn)貸款fixedassetloans

關(guān)稅減免tariffreductionandexemption

關(guān)稅減讓tariffconcessions

關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment

規(guī)范行為toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior

規(guī)模效益economiesofscale

國計(jì)民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood

國家對個(gè)人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals

國家風(fēng)險(xiǎn)countryrisk

國際分工internationaldivisionoflabor

國際收支balanceofpayments

國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks

國有經(jīng)濟(jì)（部門）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector

國有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）

國有制state-ownership

國有資產(chǎn)流失erosionofstateassets

國債回購governmentsecuritiesrepurchase

國債一級自營商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities

過度競爭excessivecompetition

過度膨脹excessiveexpansion

過熱跡象signsofoverheating

H

合理預(yù)期rationalexpectation

核心資本corecapital

合資企業(yè)joint-ventureenterprises

紅利dividend

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)營良好soundmacroeconomicperformance

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)基本狀況macroeconomicfundamentals

宏觀調(diào)控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）

宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo)macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）

壞賬baddebt

還本付息debtservice

換匯成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings

匯兌在途fundsinfloat

匯兌支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank

匯率并軌unificationofexchangerates

活期存款demanddeposits

匯率失調(diào)exchangeratemisalignment

混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership

貨幣政策態(tài)勢monetarypolicystance

貨款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliers

J

基本建設(shè)投資investmentininfrastructure

基本經(jīng)濟(jì)要素economicfundamentals

基本適度broadlyappropriate

基準(zhǔn)利率benchmarkinterestrate

機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions

機(jī)會成本opportunitycost

激勵(lì)機(jī)制incentivemechanism

積壓嚴(yán)重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory

擠提存款runonbanks

擠占挪用unwarranteddiversionof（financial）resources（fromdesignateduses）

技改投資investmentintechnologicalupgrading

技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品technology-intensiveproduct

計(jì)劃單列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus

計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)plannedeconomy

集體經(jīng)濟(jì)thecollectivesector

加大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment

加工貿(mào)易processingtrade

加快態(tài)勢acceleratingtrend

加強(qiáng)稅收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration

加權(quán)價(jià)weightedaverageprice

價(jià)格放開priceliberalization

價(jià)格形成機(jī)制pricingmechanism

減虧toreducelosses

簡化手續(xù)tocutredtape;tosimplify（streamline）procedures

交投活躍brisktrading

繳存準(zhǔn)備金todepositrequiredreserves

結(jié)構(gòu)扭曲structuraldistortion

結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào)structuralimbalance

結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance

結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化structuralimprovement（optimization）

結(jié)匯、售匯saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange

金融脆弱financialfragility

金融動蕩financialturbulence

金融風(fēng)波financialdisturbance

金融恐慌financialpanic

金融危機(jī)financialcrisis

金融壓抑financialrepression

金融衍生物financialderivatives

金融詐騙financialfraud

緊縮銀根totightenmonetarypolicy

緊縮政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies

經(jīng)常賬戶可兌換currentaccountconvertibility

經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)specialeconomiczones（SEZs）

經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革economicreform

經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)變changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains）

經(jīng)濟(jì)增長減速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth

經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁economicsanction

經(jīng)營自主權(quán)autonomyinmanagement

景氣回升recoveryinbusinessactivity

境外投資overseasinvestment

競爭加劇intensifyingcompetition

局部性金融風(fēng)波localized（isolated）financialdisturbance

K

開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù)toengageinRMBbusiness

可維持（可持續(xù)）經(jīng)濟(jì)增長sustainableeconomicgrowth

可變成本variablecost

可自由兌換貨幣freelyconvertiblecurrency

控制現(xiàn)金投放controlcurrencyissuance

扣除物價(jià)因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis

庫存產(chǎn)品inventory

跨國銀行業(yè)務(wù)cross-borderbanking

跨年度采購cross-yearprocurement

會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則accountingstandard

L

來料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport

離岸銀行業(yè)務(wù)off-shorebanking（business）

理順外貿(mào)體制torationalizeforeigntraderegime

利率杠桿的調(diào)節(jié)作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation

利潤驅(qū)動profit-driven

利息回收率interestcollectionratio

聯(lián)行清算inter-banksettlement

連鎖企業(yè)franchise（businesses）;chainbusinesses

良性循環(huán)virtuouscycle

兩極分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution

零售物價(jià)指數(shù)retailpriceindex（RPI）

流動性比例liquidityratio

流動資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets

流動資金貸款workingcapitalloans

流通體制distributionsystem

流通網(wǎng)絡(luò)distributionnetwork

留購（租賃期滿時(shí)承租人可購買租賃物）hirepurchase

壟斷行業(yè)monopolizedindustry（sector）

亂集資irregular（illegal）fundraising

亂收費(fèi)irregular（illegal）charges

亂攤派unjustified（arbitrary）levies

M

買方市場buyer'smarket

賣方市場seller'smarket

賣出回購證券matchedsaleofrepo

貿(mào)易差額tradebalance

民間信用non-institutionalizedcredit

免二減三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears

明補(bǔ)explicitsubsidy

明虧explicitloss

名牌產(chǎn)品brandproducts

母國（請見“東道國”）homecountry

N

內(nèi)部控制internalcontrol

內(nèi)部審計(jì)internalaudit

內(nèi)地與香港themainlandandHongKong

內(nèi)債domesticdebt

扭虧為盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone

扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources

農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品采購支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement

農(nóng)村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives（RCCs）

P

泡沫效應(yīng)bubbleeffect

泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bubbleeconomy

培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth

片面追求發(fā)展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth

平衡發(fā)展balanceddevelopment

瓶頸制約bottleneck（constraints）

平穩(wěn)回升steadyrecovery

鋪底流動資金initial（start-up）workingcapital

普遍回升broad-basedrecovery

配套改革concomitant（supporting）reforms

配套人民幣資金localcurrencyfundingof…

Q

企業(yè)辦社會enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities

企業(yè)集團(tuán)戰(zhàn)略corporategroupstrategy

企業(yè)兼并重組companymergerandrestructuring

企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子enterprisemanagement

企業(yè)所得稅enterprise（corporate）incometax

企業(yè)效益corporateprofitability

企業(yè)資金違規(guī)流入股市irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket

欠稅taxarrears

欠息overdueinterest

強(qiáng)化稅收征管tostrengthentaxadministration

強(qiáng)制措施enforcementaction

翹尾因素carryovereffect

切一刀partialapplication

清理收回貸款cleanupandrecoverloans

（破產(chǎn)）清算liquidation

傾斜政策preferentialpolicy

區(qū)別對待differentialtreatment

趨勢加強(qiáng)intensifyingtrend

全球化globalization

權(quán)益回報(bào)率returnsonequity（ROE）

缺乏后勁unsustainablemomentum

R

繞規(guī)模貸款tocircumventcreditceiling

人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值percapitaGDP

人均收入percapitaincome

人民幣升值壓力upwardpressureontheRenminbi（exchangerate）

認(rèn)繳資本subscribedcapital

軟貸款softloans

軟預(yù)算約束softbudgetconstraint

軟著陸softlanding

S

三角債chaindebts;inter-enterprisearrears

善政廉政goodgovernance

商業(yè)貸款commercialloans

上市公司（publicly）listedcorporations

設(shè)備利用capacityutilization

社會保障socialsafetynet;socialsecurity（insurance）

深層次矛盾deep-rootedstructuralimbalance

審批金融機(jī)構(gòu)tolicensefinancialinstitutions

審慎監(jiān)管prudentialsupervision

生產(chǎn)能力閑置unutilizedcapacity

生息資產(chǎn)interest-bearingassets

實(shí)際利用外資disbursementofforeigncapital;actualinflowofforeigninvestment

實(shí)際有效匯率realeffectiveexchangerate

實(shí)時(shí)realtime

實(shí)收資本paid-incapital

實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤realizedprofit

市場分割marketsegmentation

市場經(jīng)濟(jì)marketeconomy

市場占有率（市場份額）marketshare

市場準(zhǔn)入marketaccess（指商品和勞務(wù)的進(jìn)入）；marketentry（指機(jī)構(gòu)的審批）

市價(jià)總值marketcapitalization

適度從緊appropriatelytight

適時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)timelyadjustment

收回對金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款torecallcentralbankloans（tofinancialinstitutions）

稅后還貸amortization（repaymentofloans）aftertax

稅收流失taxerosion

稅源不足weaktaxbase

私營經(jīng)濟(jì)（私人經(jīng)濟(jì)）theprivatesector

私有制privateownership

所有者權(quán)益owner'sequity

T

逃稅（請見“避稅”）taxevasion

套匯（1）指合法：currencyswap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegalpurchaseofforeignexchange

剔除季節(jié)性因素seasonallyadjusted

調(diào)節(jié)流動性toinfluenceliquiditylevel

貼現(xiàn)窗口discountwindow

同比onyear-on-yearbasis;overthesameperiodofthepreviousyear

同業(yè)拆借（放）inter-bankborrowing（lending）

同業(yè)拆借市場利率（中國）CHIBOR（Chinainter-bankofferedrate）

同業(yè)融通票據(jù)inter-bankfinancingbills

同業(yè)往來inter-banktransactions

透支overdraft

退稅taxrefund（rebate）

頭寸position

吞吐基礎(chǔ)貨幣adjustmentofmonetarybase

脫媒現(xiàn)象disintermediation

W

外部審計(jì)externalaudit

外國直接投資foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）

外匯儲備foreignexchangereserves

外匯調(diào)劑foreignexchangeswap

外匯占款theRMBcounterpartofforeignexchangereserves;theRMBequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangeholdings

外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)export-orientedeconomy

外債externaldebt

外資企業(yè)foreign-fundedenterprises

完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度toimprovethemodernenterprisesystem

完稅憑證taxpaymentdocumentation

違法經(jīng)營illegalbusiness

委托存款entrusteddeposits

穩(wěn)步增長steadygrowth

穩(wěn)健的銀行系統(tǒng)asoundbankingsystem

穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability

無紙交易book-entry（orpaperless/scriptless）transaction

物價(jià)監(jiān)測pricemonitoring

X

吸納流動性toabsorbliquidity

稀缺經(jīng)濟(jì)scarcityeconomy

洗錢moneylaundering

系統(tǒng)內(nèi)調(diào)度fundallocationwithinabank

系統(tǒng)性金融危機(jī)systemicfinancialcrisis

下崗工人laid-offemployees

下游企業(yè)down-streamenterprises

現(xiàn)場稽核on-siteexamination

現(xiàn)金滯留（居民手中）cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem

鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)townshipandvillageenterprises（TVEs）

消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù)consumerpriceindex（CPI）

消費(fèi)稅excise（consumption）tax

消滅財(cái)政赤字tobalancethebudget;toeliminatefiscaldeficit

銷貨款回籠reflowofcorporatesalesincometothebankingsystem

銷售平淡lacklustersales

協(xié)議外資金額committedamountofforeigninvestment

新經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)newsourcesofeconomicgrowth

新開工項(xiàng)目newprojects;newlystartedprojects

新增貸款incrementalcredit;loanincrement;creditgrowth;creditexpansion

新增就業(yè)位置newjobs;newjobopportunities

信貸規(guī)模考核reviewthecompliancewithcreditceilings

信號失真distortedsignals

信托投資公司trustandinvestmentcompanies

信息不對稱informationasymmetry

信息反饋feedback（information）

信息共享系統(tǒng)informationsharingsystem

信息披露informationdisclosure

信用擴(kuò)張credirexpansion

信用評級creditrating

姓“資”還是姓“社”pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;socialistorcaptialist

行政措施administrativemeasures

需求膨脹demandexpansion;excessivedemand

虛偽存款window-dressingdeposits

削減冗員toshedexcesslaborforce

尋租rentseeking

迅速反彈quickrebound

Y

養(yǎng)老基金pensionfund

一刀切universalapplication;non-discretionaryimplementation

一級市場primarymarket

應(yīng)收未收利息overdueinterest

銀行網(wǎng)點(diǎn)bankingoutlets

贏利能力profitability

營業(yè)稅businesstax

硬貸款（商業(yè)貸款）commercialloans

用地審批tograntlanduseright

有管理的浮動匯率managedfloatingexchangerate

證券投資portfolioinvestment

游資（熱錢）hotmoney

有市場的產(chǎn)品marketableproducts

有效供給effectivesupply

誘發(fā)新一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion

逾期貸款overdueloans;past-dueloans

與國際慣例接軌tobecomecompatiblewithinternationallyaccepted

與國際市場接軌tointegratewiththeworldmarket

預(yù)算外支出（收入）off-budget（extra-budgetary）expenditure（revenue）

預(yù)調(diào)pre-emptiveadjustment

月環(huán)比onamonth-on-monthbasis;onamonthlybasis

Z

再貸款centralbanklending

在國際金融機(jī)構(gòu)儲備頭寸reservepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions

在人行存款depositsat（with）thecentralbank

在途資金fundinfloat

增加農(nóng)業(yè)投入toincreaseinvestmentinagriculture

增勢減緩decelerationofgrowth;moderationofgrowthmomentum

增收節(jié)支措施revenue-enhancingandexpenditurecontrolmeasures

增長平穩(wěn)steadygrowth

增值稅value-addedtax（VAT）

漲幅偏高h(yuǎn)igher-than-desirablegrowthrate;excessivegrowth

賬外賬concealedaccounts

折舊depreciation

整頓retrenchment;consolidation

政策工具policyinstrument

政策性業(yè)務(wù)policy-relatedoperations

政策性銀行policybanks

政策組合policymix

政府干預(yù)governmentintervention

證券交易清算settlementofsecuritiestransactions

證券業(yè)務(wù)占款fundingofsecuritiespurchase

支付困難paymentdifficulty

支付能力paymentcapacity

直接調(diào)控方式向toincreasetherelianceonindi