英語語言學(xué)Linguistics-chapter-3-練習(xí)答案

Chapter3Morphology1.Dividethefollowingwordsintotheirseparatemorphemesbyplacinga“+”betweeneachmorphemeandthenext:a.microfilme.telecommunicationb.bedraggledf.forefatherc.announcementg.psychophysicsd.predigestionh.mechanist答：a.micro+filmb.be+draggle+edc.announce+mentd.pre+digest+ione.tele+communicate+ionf.fore+fatherg.psycho+physicsh.mechan+ist2.Thinkofthreemorphemesuffixes,givetheirmeaning,andspecifythetypesofstemtheymaybesuffixedto.Giveatleasttwoexamplesofeach.Model:-orsuffix:-ormeaning:thepersonorthingperformingtheactionstemtype:addedtoverbsexamples:actor,“onewhoactsinstageplays,motionpictures,etc.”translator,“onewhotranslates”答：(1)suffix:-ablemeaning:somethingcanbedoneorispossiblestemtype:addedtoverbsexamples:acceptable,“canbeaccepted”respectable,“canberespected”(2)suffix:-lymeaning:functionalstemtype:addedtoadjectivesexamples:freely.“adverbialformof‘free’”quickly,“adverbialformof'quick'”.(3)suffix:-eemeaning:thepersonreceivingtheactionstemtype:addedtoverbsexamples:employee,“onewhoworksinacompany”interviewee,“onewhoisinterviewed”3.Thinkofthreemorphemeprefixes,givetheirmeaning,andspecifythetypesofstemtheymaybeprefixedto.Giveatleasttwoexamplesofeach.Model:a-prefix:a-meaning:“without;not”stemtype:addedtoadjectivesexamples:asymmetric,“l(fā)ackingsymmetry”asexual,“withoutsexorsexorgans”答：(1)prefix:dis-meaning:showinganoppositestemtype:addedtoverbsornounsexamples:disapprove,“donotapprove”dishonesty,“l(fā)ackofhonesty”.(2)prefix:anti-meaning:against,opposedtostemtype:addedtonounsoradjectivesexamples:antinuclear,“opposingtheuseofatomicweaponsandpower”antisocial,“opposedorharmfultothelawsandcustomsofanorganizedcommunity.”(3)prefix:counter-meaning:theoppositeofstemtype:addedtonounsoradjectives.examples:counterproductive,“producingresultsoppositetothoseintended”counteract,“actagainstandreducetheforceoreffectof(sth.)”4.Theitalicizedpartineachofthefollowingsentencesisaninflectionalmorpheme.Studyeachinflectionalmorphemecarefullyandpointoutitsgrammaticalmeaning.Suemovesinhigh-societycirclesinLondon.AtrafficwardenaskedJohntomovehiscar.TheclubhasmovedtoFriday,February22nd.Thebranchesofthetreesaremovingbackandforth.答：(1)-s,thethirdpersonsingular,presentsimpletense(2)-ed,thepasttense(3)has–ed,thepresentperfect(4)are+v-ing,thepluralform;thepresentprogressive5.Determinewhetherthewordsineachofthefollowinggroupsarerelatedtooneanotherbyprocessesofinflectionorderivation.a)go,goes,going,goneb)discover,discovery,discoverer,discoverable,discoverabilityc)inventor,inventor’s,inventors,inventors’d)democracy,democrat,democratic,democratize答：(1)go,goes,going,gone(inflection)go-therootformgo+es,simplepresent,3rdpersonsingulargo+ing,presentparticiplegone,pastparticiple(2)discover,discovery,discoverer,discoverable,discoverability(derivation)dis-,prefix(addedtothenounstoformverbs)meaningreversal-y,suffix(addedaftertheverbstoformnouns)denotingastateoranactionoritsresult-er,anounsuffixaddedtotheverbs,meaningapersonorthingthatperformaspecifiedactionoractivity-able,anadjectivesuffixaddedtoverbsmeaningabletobe-ability,anounsuffix,oraderivativesuffixof–able,meaninghavingthequalityasinmanageability（可處理性）andsuitability（合適性）.(3)inventor,inventor’s,inventors,inventors’(amixtureofinflectionorderivation)Derivation:invent+-orInflection:inventor’s,inventors’indicatingpossessivecase(4)democracy,democrat,democratic,democratize(derivation)-cy,addedtothenounsendingwith“t”toformanothernoundenotingastategovernedinsuchaway.-ic,anadjectivesuffix,addedtothenounstoformadjectivesmeaningrelatedtoorinresemblancewith…-ize,asuffixaddedtothenountoformverbsdenotingtheconversion,transforming.6.Thefollowingsentencescontainbothderivationalandinflectionalaffixes.Underlineallofthederivational