2021年北京市高三普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試英語仿真模擬卷04

2021北京市普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試仿真模擬卷04英語一、聽力理解(共25小題，25分。每小題1分)略二、完形填空(共15小題，15分。每小題1分)閱讀下面短文，從各題A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。ForalongtimeGabrieldidn’twanttobeinvolvedinmusicatall.Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,___1___acrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases,turningupatschoolforpracticehours___2___anyoneelsehadtobethere.Hesworetohimselfto___3___music,ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.___4___,oneday,inthemusicclassthatwaspartofhisschool’sstandardcurriculum,hewasplayingidly(隨意地)onthepianoandfoundit___5___topickouttunes.Withasinkingfeeling,herealizedthatheactually___6___doingit.Hetriedtohidehisobviouspleasurefromthemusicteacher,whohad___7___overtolisten.Hemightnothavedonethisparticularlywell,___8___theteachertoldGabrielthathehadagood___9___andsuggestedthatGabrielgointothemusicstoreroomtoseeifanyoftheinstrumentsthereappealedtohim.Therehedecidedtogivethecello(大提琴)a___10___.Whenhebeganpracticing,hetookitvery___11___.Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwas___12___topracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell.This___13___,ofcourse,thathearrivedatschoolearlyinthemorning,___14___hisheavyinstrumentcaseacrossthecampustothepityinglooksofthenonmusicianshehadleft___15___.1.A.travelling B.marching C.pacing D.struggling2.A.before B.after C.until D.since3.A.betray B.accept C.avoid D.appreciate4.A.Therefore B.However C.Thus D.Moreover5.A.plicate B.safe C.confusing D.easy6.A.missed B.disliked C.enjoyed D.denied7.A.run B.jogged C.jumped D.wandered8.A.because B.but C.though D.so9.A.ear B.taste C.heart D.voice10.A.change B.chance C.mission D.function11.A.seriously B.proudly C.casually D.naturally12.A.mitted B.used C.limited D.admitted13.A.proved B.showed C.stressed D.meant14.A.pushing B.dragging C.lifting D.rushing15.A.over B.aside C.behind D.out【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.B5.D6.C7.D8.A9.A10.B11.C12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Gabriel看到學(xué)音樂的學(xué)生拿著重重的音樂器材穿過校園，早上早練好幾個小時，便不想學(xué)習(xí)音樂。然而，一天他不經(jīng)意地彈奏，發(fā)現(xiàn)他喜歡彈奏。因此他開始經(jīng)歷了那些學(xué)音樂的學(xué)生的歷程?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在他上高中的頭幾年，Gabriel會憐憫地看著那些拿著沉重的樂器箱在校園里艱難行走的學(xué)生，他們要趕在其他人之前出現(xiàn)在學(xué)校練習(xí)幾個小時。A.travelling旅行；B.marching前進；C.pacing踱步；D.struggling掙扎，艱難地行進。根據(jù)“withtheirheavyinstrumentcases”可知，每天上學(xué)的時候，Gabriel總是同情地看著背著沉重的樂器的同學(xué)們艱難地穿梭于校園中，struggle“艱難地行進”符合語境。故選D。【2題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：在他上高中的頭幾年，Gabriel會憐憫地看著那些拿著沉重的樂器箱在校園里艱難行走的學(xué)生，他們要趕在其他人之前出現(xiàn)在學(xué)校練習(xí)幾個小時。A.before在……之前；B.after在……之后；C.until直到；D.since自從。聯(lián)系下文作者說“自己討厭很早去學(xué)?！笨芍?，學(xué)習(xí)音樂的學(xué)生要在其他學(xué)生到校之前(before)到校。故選A。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他對自己發(fā)誓要避免音樂，因為他討厭早到學(xué)校。A.betray背叛；B.accept接受；C.avoid避免；D.appreciate欣賞。根據(jù)“ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly”可知，Gabriel討厭過早到校，因此他對自己發(fā)誓要避免音樂，故選C?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在他學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程的音樂課上，他隨意地彈著鋼琴，發(fā)現(xiàn)很容易就能分辨出曲調(diào)。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Thus因此；D.Moreover而且。結(jié)合上下文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在他學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程的音樂課上，他隨意地彈著鋼琴，發(fā)現(xiàn)很容易就能分辨出曲調(diào)。A.plicated復(fù)雜的；B.safe安全的；C.confusing迷惑的；D.easy容易的。聯(lián)系上文“hewasplayingidly(隨意地)onthepiano他隨意地彈了彈鋼琴”和下文“pickouttunes分辨出曲調(diào)”，再聯(lián)系下文Gabriel在音樂中找到了樂趣，并試圖隱藏這份愉悅，由此可知，本空的意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)很容易(easy)辨別出曲調(diào)”與上文的“However”相呼應(yīng)，故選D。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：帶著一種消沉的感覺，他意識到他實際上很喜愛做這件事。A.missed錯過；B.disliked不喜歡；C.enjoyed喜愛，欣賞；D.denied拒絕。根據(jù)后文“Hetriedtohidehisobviouspleasure”可知，他意識到他事實上喜歡彈鋼琴。enjoy喜愛，符合語境。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他試圖在走過來聽音樂的音樂老師面前隱藏他明顯的喜悅。A.run跑；B.jogged慢跑；C.jumped跳；D.wandered漫步。根據(jù)前后文“themusicteacher,whohad___7___overtolisten”可知，課堂上，老師走過來聽他彈琴，故選D?！?題詳解】考查連詞辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因為老師告訴Gabriel他的樂感很好，并建議Gabriel到音樂商店去看看那里有沒有吸引他的樂器。A.because因為；B.but但是；C.though雖然；D.so所以。此處為原因狀語從句，表示“因為”應(yīng)用because。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因為老師告訴Gabriel他的樂感很好，并建議Gabriel到音樂商店去看看那里有沒有吸引他的樂器。A.ear耳朵；B.taste味道；C.heart心；D.voice聲音。根據(jù)上文可知，他隨意彈奏就能成曲子，說明他有樂感。haveagoodear“有天賦，有樂感”。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，他決定試一試大提琴。A.change改變；B.chance機會；C.mission任務(wù)；D.function功能。結(jié)合上文“Therehedecidedtogivethecelloa”可知為短語givesth.achance“嘗試一下”。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：開始練習(xí)時，他很隨意地對待（漫不經(jīng)心地練習(xí)）。A.seriously認(rèn)真地；B.proudly驕傲地；C.casually隨意地；D.naturally自然地。根據(jù)后面一句中的“Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument”可推斷，開始練習(xí)時，他很隨意地對待（漫不經(jīng)心），故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但很快他就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛上了這種樂器，并且努力練習(xí)。A.mitted承諾、致力；B.used使用；C.limited限制；D.admitted承認(rèn)。根據(jù)本句中的“sothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell”可知，他努力練習(xí)，因此幾個月內(nèi)，他就演奏得相當(dāng)好，bemittedto“致力于……”。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這當(dāng)然就意味著他一大早就要趕到學(xué)校，迎著那些被他早已拋在腦后的非音樂生的同情目光，拖著沉重的樂器穿過校園。A.proved證明；B.showed展示；C.stressed強調(diào)；D.meant意味著。結(jié)合后文“thathearrivedatschoolearlyinthemorning”可知，Gabriel愛上了大提琴意味著他早上要早到學(xué)校，拖著沉重的樂器穿過校園，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這當(dāng)然就意味著他一大早就要趕到學(xué)校，迎著那些被他早已拋在腦后的非音樂生的同情目光，拖著沉重的樂器穿過校園。A.pushing推動；B.dragging拖；C.lifting舉起；D.rushing沖。結(jié)合下文“hisheavyinstrumentcase他的裝有樂器的沉重的箱子”可知drag“吃力地拖、拉”，符合語境。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這當(dāng)然就意味著他一大早就要趕到學(xué)校，迎著那些被他早已拋在腦后的非音樂生的同情目光，拖著沉重的樂器穿過校園。A.leaveover剩下；B.leaveaside擱置；C.leavebehind留下、拋在腦后；D.leaveout遺漏。根據(jù)語境可知，Gabriel現(xiàn)在專心于學(xué)習(xí)音樂，已經(jīng)完全把那些同情的目光拋之腦后了，旨在突出他學(xué)習(xí)大提琴的決心，故選C。三、閱讀理解(共20小題，40分，每小題2分)第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從各題A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。APOETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesroundtripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpace6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.16.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.17.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket. B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialTshirt. D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.18.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Typingyourpoemout. B.Writingapoemof120words.C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper. D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.19.Whenisthepropertimeforyoutomailyourentry?A.beforeOctober31thisyear B.afterOctober31thisyearC.beforeOctober31nextyear D.afterOctober31nextyear【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.A【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文是一篇詩歌大賽征稿啟事。文章就參賽作品的內(nèi)容、獎項、參賽規(guī)則等做了介紹?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes部分中第一段中的“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice”三位獲獎?wù)撸晃患议L和另一位獲獎?wù)哌x擇的人的華盛頓特區(qū)之旅?？芍?，每位獲獎?wù)叨伎梢詭б幻议L和另一名由獲獎?wù)哌x擇的人員。因此，每位獲獎?wù)呖梢詭蓚€人。故選A項。【17題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes部分中第三段“50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”50名榮譽獎:評委將選出50名榮譽獎得主，每人將獲得紀(jì)念埃爾哈特最后一次飛行的t恤一件。可知，每位優(yōu)秀獎獲獎?wù)叨紝@得一件紀(jì)念埃爾哈特最后一次飛行的T恤。故選C項?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分中的“Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer”小心遵守所有規(guī)則，以免被取消資格。寫一首不超過100個單詞的詩?？芍?，所寫的詩字?jǐn)?shù)不能超過100字。否則，將會被取消資格。故結(jié)合選項，B選項(寫一首120字的詩)是會被取消資格的。故選B項。【19題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分中的“MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.”請于今年10月31日前將參賽作品郵寄給我們?？芍?，郵寄的截至日期是今年10月31日。故選A項。BIftherewasasubjectatschoolthatmademeanxious,itwasscience.Maybethat’sbecauseinmytenthgrade,Icouldn'tunderstandmyphysicsteacher'sinstructions,causingmetoaccidentallysetfiretotheclassroom.So,whenmyhusbandandIdecidedtohomeschoolourdaughters,wemadeadeal:hewouldteachscience,whileIwouldhandleeverythingelse.Butthat’snothowthingshavebeengoingthesepastfewweeks,sincemyhusbandhasbeentoobusytoteachthegirls.Recently,whileoutonmymorninghikebeforestartinglessons,Inoticedthattheskywasabeautifulblue,andtheairwasfilledwiththesweetsmellofflowers.ThatswhyIdecidedthattheday’slessonswouldbetaughtoutside,althoughIrememberedthatmydaughtershadn'thadanyscienceclassesfrommyhusbandforawhile.Ireturnedtothehousetogetthegirlsready.Weheadedupintotheforest,settlingourselvesbyapondthatrarelyhasanyvisitors.MydaughterSaoirsestartedtopickuppondweedsandcatchfrogs,whilemyotherdaughterUlalookedatme,waitingtobeinstructed.Ihandedheradrawingboardandcoloredpencils."Wewait,"Itoldher,"andseeifsomethingesalong.Inthemeantime,justdrawwhat'saroundyou.”Weworkedformorethananhour,hardlyspeaking.Abirdflewacrossthewater,andthensettledinafrontofafallentree.IquicklytoldUla,worriedthatshe’dnotseenthecreature.Butshehad,andshestarteddrawingit.Anhourlater,she’dnotfinishedherpictureandIstareddownatit.Shedrewthebirdonherpaperwithamazingaccuracy.Buttherewasoneotherinterestingfactaboutthisdrawing:shealsodrewme,sittingbesideher.Irealized,asIstaredatthischild'sdrawingofuswatchingabird,howI'dlivedfor40years,gathered10yearsofhighereducation,andneverunderstoodthefoundationofsciencebeforethismoment.Thefoundationofscienceisasenseofwonder;itisn'taboutaccuratelyrecitingwordsfromatextbook.Itisfirstandforemostaboutsteppingoutsideourbusylivesandamazingattheworldaroundus.20.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutsciencewheninschool?A.Shewasnervousaboutit. B.Shewasfondofit.C.Shewasconfusedaboutit. D.Shewaseagerforit.21.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4refersto“”A.thefallentree B.theforestC.thebird D.thepicture22.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesUla?A.She'sveryoutgoing. B.She'sgoodatobserving.C.She'sveryhardworking. D.Shesharesinterestswithhersister.23.Whatisthefoundationofscienceintheauthor'sopinion?A.Attentiontoaccuracy.B.Curiosityabouttheoutsideworld.C.Determinationtofindoutthetruth.D.Abilitytounderstandteachers'instructions.【答案】20.A21.C22.B23.B【解析】【分析】本文為說明文，作者從自身學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的經(jīng)歷出發(fā)，談到自己在女兒的畫作中逐步改變態(tài)度，進而認(rèn)識到學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的真正含義。【20題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句話，Iftherewasasubjectatschoolthatmademeanxious,itwasscience.可知anxious和nervous是同義詞替換，科學(xué)總是讓作者感到焦慮，緊張，因此答案選A。故選擇A。【21題詳解】代詞指代題。根據(jù)題干定位于文章第四段。Butshestarteddrawingit.第四段第一句中，Abirdflewacrossthewater,andthensettledinfrontofafallentree.一只鳥從水面上飛過…所以答案選擇C。故選擇C。【22題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的后半部分，Anhourlater,shefinishedherpicturesandIstareddownatit.Shedrewthebirdonherpaperwithamazingaccuracy.Buttherewasoneotherinterestingfactaboutthisdrawing;shealsodrewme,sittingbesideher.在作者女兒的畫作中很容易看出來，非常擅長觀察。選項A：她是外向的；選項B：擅長觀察的；選項C：努力學(xué)習(xí)的；選項D：和女兒分享興趣，因此答案選擇B。故選擇B。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的“foundation”一詞定位于文章的最后一段。Thefoundationofscienceisasenseofwonder;Itisfirstandforemostaboutsteppingoutsideourbusylivesandamazingattheworldaroundus.學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的目的在于使我們對整個世界充滿好奇。因此答案選擇B。故選擇B?！军c睛】推理判斷題做題時，要依據(jù)文章的細節(jié)做出符合文章含義的正確判斷。如第3小題，先要定位文章關(guān)于Ula的描述段落，進而理解文章。同時，理解選項中的詞匯，選取和文章意思一致的選項。C“ThefactthatthesmokereachedS?oPauloandblackenedanafternoonproveshowunusualthefiresthatburninthecountrysideofBrazilare,”RicardoMello,headoftheWorldWideFundforNature's(WWF)Amazonprogram,said.ThelatestfigureseatatimeofinternationalprotestagainsttheinactionofPresidentJairBolsonaro'sadministration.InJuly,Brazil'sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showeddatatothepublic,whichindicatedthattherehadbeenasignificantriseindeforestation(毀林)rates.Particularly,thefiguresshowedthatinJuly2019,deforestationhadincreasednearly300percentinparisontothesamemonthin2018.Environmentalistsarebeingincreasinglyconcerned,accusingthegovernmentofencouragingdeforestationandthosewhowanttomakeuseoftheforestformercialgain.Duringhistimeinpower,Bolsonarohasmovedtorobsomepowerofgovernmentagenciesthatareresponsibleforprotectingtherainforestaswellasregulationscoveringnativelandsandnaturereserves.BolsonaroseesthesekindsofregulationsasadragoneconomicgrowthintheAmazonregion.FireintheAmazonisusedasatechniquetoclearlandforagriculture.“Farmersclearcutlandtomakewayforagriculture,andthenwaitforthedryseasontosetfiretoclearthelandsotheycanplant，”Mellosaid.“It'slikelythatalloftheseforestfiresaredeliberatelysetbyhumans.”NowitisthedryseasonintheAmazon,whichmeansconditionsinmanypartsoftherainforestaresuitableforthefirestospreadoverlargeareas.“Itisveryunlikelythatthosefiresbreakoutnaturally，”Mellosaid.“Itisimportanttorememberthat2019isnotastrongElNi?oyear.WhenwehavestrongElNi?os,weathergetsdrierinthenorthernpartofBrazilandthisfavorsfires.Thisisnotthecaseof2019.”24.Whyaredeforestationfiguresof2018and2019pared?A.ToshareknowledgeoftheAmazonforest.B.ToshowhowtheBrazilpresidentgoverns.C.Tostresstheseriousnessofdeforestation.D.Toexpresstheangerofenvironmentalists.25.WhatdoesPresidentBolsonarodofordeforestation?A.Weakeningrelevantgovernmentagencies.B.Encouragingthefightformercialgain.C.Usingtechniquestoclearlandforagriculture.D.Defendingregulationsaboutnaturereserves.26.WhataretheweatherconditionsoftheAmazonwhenthefiresbreakout?A.They'refitforfirestobreakoutnaturally.B.TheAmazonexperiencesthedryseason.C.They'repossibleforfirestospreadeverywhere.D.TheAmazonisjustinastrongElNi?oyear.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.JairBolsonaro'sAdministrationWasAccusedB.FarmersClearedAmazonC.UnusualRainforestFires:EffectsonHealthandWeatherD.AmazonFires:PossiblyLinkedtoEnvironmentalPolicies【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.D【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了巴西熱帶雨林火災(zāi)的原因?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“InJuly,Brazil'sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showeddatatothepublic,whichindicatedthattherehadbeenasignificantriseindeforestation(毀林)rates.Particularly,thefiguresshowedthatinJuly2019,deforestationhadincreasednearly300percentinparisontothesamemonthin2018.（7月，巴西國家空間研究所(INPE)向公眾展示了數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)表明森林砍伐率顯著上升。特別是，數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2019年7月，森林砍伐量比2018年同期增加了近300%。）”可以推斷，對比數(shù)據(jù)的目的是強調(diào)森林被破壞的嚴(yán)重性。故選C項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Duringhistimeinpower,Bolsonarohasmovedtorobsomepowerofgovernmentagenciesthatareresponsibleforprotectingtherainforestaswellasregulationscoveringnativelandsandnaturereserves.（在博爾索納羅執(zhí)政期間，他已經(jīng)采取行動，剝奪了負責(zé)保護雨林以及保護原生土地和自然保護區(qū)的政府機構(gòu)的一些權(quán)力。）”可知，博爾索納羅削弱有關(guān)政府機構(gòu)。故選A項?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“NowitisthedryseasonintheAmazon,whichmeansconditionsinmanypartsoftherainforestaresuitableforthefirestospreadoverlargeareas.（現(xiàn)在是亞馬遜的旱季，這意味著雨林中許多地方的條件適合大火大面積蔓延。）”可知，火災(zāi)發(fā)生時亞馬遜是旱季。故選B項?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。文章從第二段開始，主要在講巴西亞馬孫熱帶雨林火災(zāi)的原因，矛頭直指巴西總統(tǒng)及政府推動的毀林政策，可知，亞馬孫地區(qū)發(fā)生火災(zāi)可能與環(huán)境政策有關(guān)。D項“亞馬遜火災(zāi)：可能與環(huán)境政策有關(guān)”可以作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D項。DHybridcarsarecarsthatrunonbothpetrolandelectricity.Theyhaveasmallstandardpetrolengineandabatteryandelectricmotortoprovideelectricpower.Therearesomedifferencesbetweendifferentmodelsofhybridcars,butthegeneralprincipleisthatthecarrunsonpetrol,andtheelectricmotorkicksinwhenadditionalpowerisrequired,forexamplewhengoinguphilloraccelerating.Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded,forexamplewhenthecarhasstoppedattrafficlights,keepingonlytheelectricenginerunning.Conventionalcarshavelargeenginestocopewithdrivinguphillandaccelerating.Mostofthetime,thishighenginecapacityisnotneeded,buttheenginecontinuesburningupfuel.Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines,boostedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded,sotheyuselesspetrol.Hybridcarsarealsolighterandaerodynamically(空氣動力學(xué)的）designedforgreaterfuelefficiency.Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystemof"regenerativebraking(剎車）＂。Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar,ratherthanconventionalbrakes.Theenergyproducedbytheslowingcaristransformedintoelectricalpower,whichisautomaticallystoredinthebattery.Ineffect,thebatteryrechargeswhenyoubrake.Inconventionalcarstheenergyproducedwhenbrakingiswasted.Carmanufacturersandengineershavebeenexperimentingwithelectricandhybridcarssincethelate19thcentury.In1928FerdinandPorschebuiltanexperimentalhybridcarthatusedbothaninternalburningengineandelectricmotors.Thefirstmassproducedhybridcar,theToyotaPrius,cameoutinJapanattheendof1997.However,HybridcarsbecameavailableintheUSAonlyin1999,whentheHondaInsightwentonsale.Astheyuselessfuel,hybridcarsarecheapertorun.Therearealsomanyinitiativesinplacetoencouragepeopletobuythem.Insomecountries,hybridcarownerspayalowerrateoftax,anddon'thavetopayoncertaintollroads(收費公路）。Insomecitiesaroundtheworld,hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree.28.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Hybridcarsdon'tneedpetrolanymore.B.Petrolengineandelectricmotorworkalltheway.C.Hybridcarsmainlydependonelectricpowertorun.,D.Somehybridcarpetrolengineswillquitwhenunnecessary.29.WhichisNOTthereasonwhyhybridcarsconsumelessenergy?A.Smallerpetrolengines.B.Scientificdesign.C.Conventionalbrakes.D.Energystorage.30.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Hybridcarsarecheapertobuy.B.Hybridcarownersdon'thavetopaytax.C.Hybridcarownersdon'tneedtopayparkingfee.D.Hybridcarswillhaveabrightfuture.;31.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toadvertisehybridcars.B.Tointroducehybridcars.C.Topareconventionalcarsandhybridcars.D.Toinformthedevelopmentofhybridcars.【答案】28.D29.C30.D31.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了混合動力車的概念，優(yōu)勢，發(fā)展歷史，以及各地一些關(guān)于混合動力車的政策?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded,”（在一些混合動力中，汽油發(fā)動機在不需要的時候會自己關(guān)閉。）可知，一些混合動力車汽油發(fā)動機在不必要的時候會停止運行。故選D?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystemof“regenerativebraking(剎車)”。Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar,ratherthanconventionalbrakes.”（另一種減少燃料消耗的方式是通過“再生制動”系統(tǒng)。這個電動機是用來使車減速，而不是傳統(tǒng)的剎車。）可知，傳統(tǒng)的剎車不是混合動力車消耗較少的原因。故選C。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容：混合動力車使用起來花費更便宜因為它們使用更少的燃料。很多地方發(fā)出了鼓勵人們購買混合動力車的倡議。在某些國家，混合動力車?yán)U納更少的稅，并且在一些收費公路上不必支付費用。在世界各地的一些城市中，混合動力車允許免費停車?？芍旌蟿恿囉幸粋€光明的未來。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。本篇文章主要介紹了混合動力車的概念，優(yōu)勢，發(fā)展歷史，以及各地一些關(guān)于混合動力車的政策，可推測作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了向我們介紹混合動力車。故選B。第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文和問題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和每小題后的具體要求，在答題卡相應(yīng)題號后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對該問題的回答，答語要意思清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)正確，書寫工整。Howmuchdoyouhatewaitingforanotherbeerinacrowdedbar?ItannoyedJoshGoodmanenoughtoinventaprettyobvioussolution—selfservicebeertaps.Goodman,36,recalledtheexactmomentinlate2008whenhisfrustrationboiledover.“IwashangingoutwithmyfriendsataBaltimoresportsbarbeforeagame,”hesaid.“Wejustcouldn’tgetanotherbeerservedtousquickly.”Almostimmediately,hegottoworkonaselfservicebeerconcept.Withinafewmonths,GoodmanhadlaunchedPourMyBeerinChicago.Heinvested$20,000andpartneredwithaU.S.manufacturertomakebeertableswithtwotofourselfservicetaps,whichweredesignedbyhimself.InFebruary2009,Goodmanlandedhisfirstclient(客戶):AbarinBaltimore,America.Hespentthenexttwoyearsgrowingthebusinessandaddingmorebarsandrestaurants.In2011,hecarriedoutanideaofselfservice“beerwalls”,whichletpeoplepourtheirownbeerfromtapsonawall.PourMyBeerhasswelledtoover200restaurantsandbarsin28states.TheconceptwillrolloutinChicago’sO’HareInternationalAirportthisweekandinItalyandBrazillaterthisyear.Thetablesstartat$4,000andthebeerwallscostasmuchas$16,000.Theygeneratedmorethan$400,000insalesin2013anddoubledthatin2014.Goodmanexpectstotakeincloseto$2millioninrevenue(收益)thisyear—whichwouldmakeitthepany’sfirstprofitableyear.“Ourbusinesscustomerstellusthatthey’vecutdownonwasteandthey’resellingtwiceasmuchbeeronaverage,”saidGoodman.32.WhatmadeGoodmaneupwiththeidea?(nomorethan15words)____________________________________________________________33.HowsoondidGoodmanturnhisideaintoreality?(nomorethan6words)____________________________________________________________34.WhatdidGoodmandesignforcustomersinthebars?(nomorethan15words)____________________________________________________________35.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“swelled”mostprobablymean?(1word)____________________________________________________________【答案】32.Heandhisfriendswerenotservedanotherbeerquicklyinabar.33.Withinafewmonths.34.Beertableswithtwotofourselfservicetapsandselfservice“beerwalls”.35.Increased./Expanded./Extended./Enlarged.【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Goodman和朋友在酒吧久等之后沒有馬上再來一杯啤酒服務(wù)這件事讓他開始研究自助啤酒的概念，并將這個想法付諸實踐取得成功的故事?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Wejustcouldn’tgetanotherbeerservedtousquickly.”Almostimmediately,hegottoworkonaselfservicebeerconcept.”（“我們只是沒辦法馬上再來一杯啤酒。”很快，他就開始研究自助啤酒的概念。）可知，在一家酒吧里，沒人馬上給他和他的朋友們再來一杯啤酒這件事讓Goodman想出了這個主意。故答案是Heandhisfriendswerenotservedanotherbeerquicklyinabar.?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Withinafewmonths,GoodmanhadlaunchedPourMyBeerinChicago.”（幾個月后，Goodman就在芝加哥創(chuàng)辦了PourMyBeer。）可知，幾個月后，Goodman把他的想法變成了現(xiàn)實。故答案是Withinafewmonths.。【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Heinvested$20,000andpartneredwithaU.S.manufacturertomakebeertableswithtwotofourselfservicetaps,whichweredesignedbyhimself.”（他投資了2萬美元，與一家美國制造商合作，制作了帶有2到4個自助水龍頭的啤酒桌，這些水龍頭都是他自己設(shè)計的。）和文章第四段“In2011,hecarriedoutanideaofselfservice“beerwalls”,whichletpeoplepourtheirownbeerfromtapsonawall.”（2011年，他提出了自助“啤酒墻”的想法，讓人們從墻上的水龍頭里自己倒啤酒。）可知，Goodman為顧客設(shè)計了有兩到四個自助龍頭和自助“啤酒墻”的啤酒桌。故答案是Beertableswithtwotofourselfservicetapsandselfservice“beerwalls”.?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Hespentthenexttwoyearsgrowingthebusinessandaddingmorebarsandrestaurants.”（在接下來的兩年里，他不斷擴大業(yè)務(wù)，增加酒吧和餐館。）可推知，劃線詞所在的句子“PourMyBeerhasswelledtoover200restaurantsandbarsin28states.”意為：PourMyBeer已經(jīng)在美國28個州的200多家餐館和酒吧銷售。swell意為“增加”。故答案是Increased./Expanded./Extended./Enlarged.。四、書面表達(共1小題，20分)36.假定你是李華，你的澳大利亞朋友William寒假期間要來中國游玩，行程