廣州市2018屆高中畢業(yè)班綜合測(cè)試(一)英語(yǔ)(2018廣州一模英語(yǔ)卷)

2018年廣州市普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測(cè)試（一）英語(yǔ)2018.3第I卷第二部分閬?zhàn)x理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIt’snosecretthatyourpersonalcharacteristicsdirectlyaffecthowyouinteractwiththeworld-butyoumightbesurprisedatjusthowdeepitgoes.Expertsthinkthatyourpersonalitycanevenaffecthowyouexerciseandinfluencewhatsportsaresuitableforyou.HighlySensitiveHighlysensitivepeoplemaybemoreuncomfortablewithgroupexerciseclassesorteamsportswheretheyfeeltheireverymoveisbeingobserved.Additionally,theymayfeelmoreupsetoveranineffectiveorpoorworkout,saysresearcherElaineAron.Forsuchpeople,individualornon-competitiveactivitieslikebiking,runningandhikingareideal.TypeAPersonalityTypeAindividualsoftenhavean“allornothingapproach”toexercise.Thispersonalitytypeisknownforstickingcloselytotheirplan,nottomentionbeingsupercompetitive.However,thiscancausethemtosticktoocloselytoafitnessroutine,whichmeanstheymighttrytopushpastaninjury.Togetbetterexerciseresults,TypeApeopleneedtobeawarethatfollowinganexerciseplantoostrictlymaylimittheirprogress.Theyshouldbemoreflexibleandlistentotheirbody,especiallywhentheyareinpain.TypeBPersonalityThislaid-backgroupmaygettoolazyabouttheirexerciseplan,whichpreventsthemfromseeingresults.Theyareoftenlesswillingtodevoteenoughtimeandenergytotheirfitnessgoals,especiallyifexerciseissomethingthatmakesthemanxiousTypeBindividualssucceedincreativeandco-operativeenvironments,soteamsportsandgroupgymclassesmaybeperfect.Remember,thereareplentyofwaysyoucanadaptafitnessplantosuityourneeds,regardlessofyourcharacteristics.Justkeepinmindwhatyoulike.21.Whymighthighlysensitivepeoplebeunwillingtotakepartingroupsports?A.Theywillfeelliketheyarebeingevaluated.B.Theydon'tlikesocializingwithotherpeople.C.Theydon'tconsiderthemselvestobeathletic.D.Theyfearthey'llbeletdownbytheirteammates.22.TypeApersonalitiescanbebestdescribedasA.committed Bflexible Cindependent D.sensitive23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TohelppeopleunderstandwhatpersonalitytypetheyareB.ToexplainhowpersonalcharacteristicsaffectexercisehabitsC.ToidentifythedangersofdoingthewrongtypeofexerciseD.TodescribedifferenttypesofworkoutsthatareavailabletodayBAtfirstsight,AlmaDeutscher,atwelve-year-oldgirlfromEnglandappearstobelikeanyothertypicalpre-teen.Shelovestoskiprope,readandplaywithheryoungersister.Butthismodestyoungster,whocomposedherfirstmusicalworkatagesix,firstshortoperaatageseven,andfirstfull-lengthoperabasedonCinderellaatageten,isanythingbutaverage.Thoughherparentsdownplayherextraordinarytalent,youngAlmaisbeingdescribedas“l(fā)ittleMozart”bythemusicworldAlma’soperatictakeontheclassicfairytale,whichshebeganwritingatageeight,hasaslighttwist.HerCinderellaisamusicianwhomeetsherPrinceCharmingthroughasong.“InmyCinderella,shesingsthebeginningofaballad---butatmidnightsheflees.Eventually,theprincefindsherafteraskingallthemaidensofthelandtosingtheendoftheballad.”TheoperawasfirstperformedinVienna,AustraliaonDecember29,2016,wherethetheneleven-year-oldskillfullyswitchedbetweenthepianoandtheviolinandreceivesenthusiasticreviews.Theyounggeniushassinceperformedtwonewpianoworks,onceinA.Theyareverywell-educatedpeople.B.Theyareprotectiveoftheirdaughter.C.TheyhavepushedAlmatotakeupmusic.D.TheyhavemadeagoodlifeplanforAlma.CThebeliefthatnewtechnologiesarecausingthedeathofworkistheideathatnevergoesaway.Despiteevidencetothecontrary,westillviewtechnologicalchangetodayasbeingmorerapidanddramaticinitsconsequencesforworkthaneverbefore.Butthisisnothingnew.Peoplehavealwaysviewedthetechnologicalchangesthattakeplaceduringtheirlivesasthemostdramaticanddangerousthateverhappenedinhistory. Inthe1930s,theBritisheconomist(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家)JohnMaynardKeynespredictedthewidespreaduseofelectricitywouldproduceaworldwherepeoplespendmostoftheirtimedoingnothing.IntheUnitedStatesduringthe1960s,thegovernmentrepeatedlyinvestigatesfearsthatautomaticmachineswouldpermanentlyreducetheamountofworkavailable.In1988,oneAustralianhistorianclaimedthatatleastaquarteroftheworkforcewouldbewithoutjobswithin10yearsbecauseofcomputers. Ofcourse,noneofthesedisasterscametopassintheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandAustralia,oranywhereelse. Yettoday,weareseeingthereturnofthesepredictions,withsomeexpertsclaimingtheworldofworkisoncemoreundergoingradicalandunprecedentedchange.Theyarguethatrobotsandotherworkplacetechnologiesarecausingareductioninthetotalamountofworkavailable,orarebringingamorerapidpaceofsubstitutionofmachinesforhumansthanhasbeenseenpreviously. Butthereisalittleevidencetosupportsuchbeliefs.Statisticsshowthatthepercentageofpeopleinwork,thenumberofhourstheywork,andhowfrequentlytheychangejobshaveremainedremarkablyconstantoverthepast20years. Thisstabilityshouldnotcomeasasurprise.Therearegoodreasonswhyweshouldnotexpectnewtechnologiestocausethedeathofwork.Newtechnologiesalwayscausejoblosses,butthatisonlypartofthestory.Whatalsoneedstobeunderstoodishowtheyincreasetheamountofworkavailable. Onewaythishappensisthroughtheincreasesinincomesthataccompanytheuseofnewtechnologies.Withtheintroductionofthesetechnologies,goodandservicescanbeproducedfaster,whichresultsinhigherrealincomesforworkers.Higherincomesthenincreasedemandforotherproductsandconsequentlymoreworkersareneededtomakethem.Additionally,whilenewtechnologiesarelikelytosubstituteforsometypesofworkers,theywillalsoincreasedemandforothertypesofworkers,especiallythosewithhigherlevelskillsandexpertise.So,theendofworkisnoclosertodaythanatanytimeinthepast.Butthereisstillaneedtokeepdisprovingtheprediction,toreducepeople'sfears.28.Whatisthefunctionofthesecondparagraph?A.Toexplaintheimportanceofdevelopingnewtechnology.B.Toshowhowtechnologyaffectedemploymentinthepast.C.Toarguethattechnologicaldangersarebecomingmoreserious.D.Togivehistoricalexamplesofunnecessaryfearaboutnewtechnology.29.Howcanemploymentstatisticsoverthepast20yearsbestbedescribed?A.Confusing B.Reliable C.Stable D.Variable30.Accordingtoparagraph7,whydoesdemandforproductsoftenincreaseafternewtechnologyisintroduced?A.Therearemoregoodsforpeopletochoosefrom.B.Thereismoredemandfornewskillsintheeconomy.C.Productivityimprovementshelpraiseworkers’salaries.D.Higherqualitygoodsatlowerpricesencourageconsumption.31.Whatistheauthor’sopinionabouttheintroductionofnewtechnology?A.Itdoesnothaveaneffectonmostpeople’sjobs.B.Itsbenefitsareusuallynotworththeintroduction.C.Itusuallyleadstoasignificantincreaseinemployment.D.Itsdangertopeoplesemploymentpossibilitiesisoverstated.DSupermarketshelvesarefilledwithplant-basedalternativestocowmilk,includingsoy,nut,andcoconutmilk.Theseproductsarepopularwithconsumerswhocannotdrinkcows’milkforhealthreasons,aswellaswiththoseconcernedaboutanimalwelfareandenvironmentalsustainability.Whilethedairy-free(非乳制的)optionsworkwellwithcerealorincoffee,theyfailmiserablywhenitcomestomakingmilk-basedproductslikecheeseoryogurt.However,theseshortcomingsmaysoonbeathingofthepast,thankstoanewcompanyinCalifornia,whichhasfiguredoPerumalGandhiandRyanPandyafoundedthecompanyin2014afterbecomingincreasinglyannoyedwiththelackofcows’milk-freealternatives,particularlyforcheese.ForGandhi,whostoppedconsuminganimalproductsfiveyearsearlierduetoenvironmentalandanimalwelfareconcerns,themotivationtocreateabetteralternativestemmedfromhisloveofcheesypizza.Pandyawasspurredintotakingactionafterbeingforcedtoeatsome“reallybad”dairy-freecreamcheeseonhissandwichThetwoMITbiomedicalengineeringscientistsdecidedtojoinforcestocreateamorerealisticalternativetodairy-basedproducts.Intheiruniversitylab,thepairspentninemonthsfirstisolatingcowDNAtheninsertingitintoyeast(酵母).Thisgeneticmodificationenabledtheyeasttoproducethenecessarymilkproteins.Thefinalstepoftheprocessinvolvedmixingtheproteinswithsomeplantnutrientsandfats.Thedairy-freemilknotonlytastesliketherealthingbutisalsohealthier,hasalongershelflifeand,mostimportantofall,isEarthfriendly.Accordingtothecompany’swebsite,whencomparedtoconventionalmilkproduction,theirprocessuses65%lessenergy,creates84%olessgreenhousegasemissionsandrequires91%lesslandandanamazing98%lesswater!Bestofall,sinceitcontainsrealmilkproteins,theproductbehaveslikethecow-producedversion,whichmeansvegetarianconsumerswillnolongerhavetodealwithsoggycheeseontheirsandwichesandpizzas.Thecompanyplanstobringtheircreationtomarketlaterthisyearandtheirfirstproductwillmostlikelybecheesesincetherearealreadynumerousgoodcows’milkalternativesavailabletoconsumers.32.Theunderlinedword"those"inparagraph1refersto_______.A.alternatives B.people C.products D.reasons33.Thecompanysfoundersweremotivatedtomakethenewproductbecauseof_______.A.theirdeepconcernfortheenvironmentB.theirworrythatfarmanimalswerepoorlytreatedCtheover-consumptionofthedairy-basedproductsD.thepoortasteofdairy-freecheesepresentlyavailable34.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Thedairy-freeproductscannotbestoredforalongtime.B.Thenewproductswilltastebetterthandairy-basedones.C.Cowfarmingcausesconsiderableenvironmentaldamage.D.Thedairy-freemilkwillbemoreexpensivethancow’smilk.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HealthierCheeseB.NewMilkSavesPlanetC.FresherMilk,BetterFutureD.MakingMilkwithoutCows第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Imaginethatyouareinaremotevillagesomewherewithnomedicalclinic.36Oncethedoctorsgettoyou,theyexamineyouandtakebloodsamples,buttheywon'tbeabletohelpyouuntiltheytakethesamplesbacktothehospitaltofindoutwhatiswrong.37ThankstoengineerAndyOzcan,manypeoplemayneverbeinthissituation.Hehasinventedanappthatturnsyourmobilephoneintoadiagnostic(診斷的)tool.Ozcan'sinventionisimportantbecauseitisveryaccurateandeasytouse.Inmanyremoteplaces,evenifdoctorshavemicroscopesandotherinstrumentstohelpthemmakediagnoses,theremaystillbeotherproblems.Manydoctors,forexample,don’thaveenoughtrainingtocorrectlyinterpretwhattheysee.38WithOzcan'smobilephoneapp,healthworkerscantakeaspecialphotoofabloodsampleandsendittoacentralcomputeratahospital.Thecomputerwillthenautomaticallyinterpretthephotoandsendadiagnosisbackinafewminutes.39HistechnologyonlyrequiresamobilephoneandanInternetconnection.Asmorethanfourbillionpeoplealreadyhavecellphones,thecostofestablishingthediagnosticsystemisfairlylow.Byinventingamedicaltoolthatusesexistingtechnology---mobilephones---Ozcanhasdevelopedamedicaltoolthatisbothpracticalandeconomical.Therefore,itcanbeeffectivelyalmostanywhere.40A.AnotherreasonthatOzcan'sinventionisimportantisthatitisinexpensive.B.Eventhoughyoumayonlyhaveasimpleinfection(感染),youmightdiebecauseofthedelay.C.Peoplearetryingtoreducethecostofthisnewmedicaltool.D.Ozcan'ssimple,cost-effectivetoolmightjustsavemillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.E.Thistoolhasbecomemuchmorepopularallaroundtheworld.F.Youbecomeverysickandmustwaitdaysuntilamobilemedicalunitarrivestohelp.G.Asaresult,theymaydiagnoseillnessesincorrectly.第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Oneof'myteammatessaiditbestonourlastdayoftheseason:“Guys,youaremyfamily.Weareallbrothers.”O(jiān)urtennisteamismorethanjustagroupofindividualplayersthrown41;thereisafriendship42bynoothergroupwithwhichIhavebeeninvolved.Weare43,yetconnected.Wehavestudent-athletesfromallfouryearsofhighschool,fromdifferentpartsofthecity,andfromdifferentfamiliesandsocial44.Nevertheless,weareall45byasharedloveoftennis.Thetennisteam46tomebecauseitcontainstwothingsthatItreasuremost:tennisand47.EversinceIwastenyearsold,the48aspectoftennisattractedmetoanotherwisephysicalsport.Myfirsttenniscoachalwaysusedtosay,“Tennisis10%physicaland90%ofmental.”49thementalstrengthtostay50andcontrolledunderpressure,skillsare51.SometimesIfeellikeIhavetwo52inamatch:meagainstthepersonontheothersideofthenet,andmeagainstthepersoninsidemyhead,tellingmetohitabettershot.However,despitethe53pressuresoftennis,thebrotherhood54byworkingtogetherasateamhelpsspreadthe_55ofthepressureoveranentiregroup.We56eachotheronandoffthecourt.Wedothisbecausewehavebecomea/an57awayfromhome.IplaymybesttenniswhenIhavemyteamsfullsupport,58intheknowledgethattheyarealwaysbackingme59.Iknowthateachoneofusputseverythingwehaveintoevery60whetherweareplayingorcheering.41.A.around B.back C.forward D.together42.A.earned B.followed C.matched D.noticed43.A.courageous B.diverse C.motivated D.skillful44.A.activities B.backgrounds C.responsibilities Dservices45.A.disturbed B.sponsored C.trained D.united46.A.continues B.returns C.matters D.occurs47.A.brotherhood B.childhood C.entertainment Dsociety48.A.physical B.environmental Cmental D.technical49.A.Accordingto B.Beyond C.Inspiteof D.Without50.A.active B.calm Chopeful D.silent51.A.contradictory B.difficult C.useless Dpowerful52.A.opponents B.friends C.goals D.risks53.A.unavoidable Bunreasonable C.unexpected Dunwelcome54.A.allocated B.created C.imagined D.suspected55.A.area B.control C.value D.weight56.A.support B.fight C.recognize D.teach57.A.audience Bfamily C.reason D.surprise58.A.anxious B.curious C.sensitive D.secure59.A.enthusiastically B.differently Cgradually D.intentionally60.A.dream B.person Cmatch D.team第II卷第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié);滿分45分)第二節(jié)(共10小題:每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Morethan700yearsago,a17-year-oldItalianyouthfollowedhisfatheranduncleonajourneytotheEast,dreamingaboutthemysteriesofChina.Thethreeset61onapaththatmighthavefrightenedeventhemostambitioustravellers.TheyoungadventurerwasMarcoPolo.Havingatalentforlanguages,MarcoPololearnedtospeakMongolianandChinese.LaterundertheordersofKublaiKhan,he62(travel)farandwideacrossChina.Alongtheway,hestopped63(record)detailednotesaboutthelocalcustoms,geographyandvaluesofthepeople,soastoreportbacktotheKhan.MarcoPoloreturnedtoVenice24yearslater.With64(count)treasuresbroughtbackfromtheEast,hebecame65wealthymanovernight.66hewitnessedinChinaarousedmuchinterestamonghiscountrymen.Marcopolo'sjourneytoChinaandthecontentsofhis67(vivid)writtenbook,TheTravelsofMarcoPolo,which68(think)tobeafairytaleinEuropeatthetime,triggeredawaveofEuropeaninterestintheOrient.MarcoPolo’sstoryisbothoneaboutanexplorerssearchforrichesandaWesterner69(follow)hisdreamtoreachChina.Morethan700yearslater,China,theoncemysteriousOrientalnation,isignitingtheChinesedreamofmanymodernMarcoPolos,attractedbyitsrapid70(develop)anditsgrowingimportanceintheworld.第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(^),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線,并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。ThesummerjobisatraditionamongAmericanuniversitystudents.Longaftertheendoftheschoolyear,studentsstarttheirsummervacationjobsearch.Theysendletterstobusinesses,goingtojobinterviews,andaskourfriendsandrelativesforhelp.ByJunethestudentsusuallyhavebeenfoundtheirjobsandthentheybeginpreparingtoentertheworldofworksReasonsforwantingasummerjobdiffersfromstudenttostudent.Someworkhelppaytheirschoolexpenses,othersworktogainexperienceintheirchosenprofessions:stillothersworkjustforthefunnyofit.Salesmenorwaitersaretwoofthemuchcommonjobsthatstudentstrytofindduringthesummermonths.第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿分25分)假定你是李華,收到英國(guó)朋友Alice的郵件,以下是郵件內(nèi)容:DearLiHua,Howareyoudoingthesedays?I’mhavingsomeproblemsandwouldliketogetyouradvice.MyparentswantmetospendmysummerwiththemthisyearbutIwould