三年（21-23）高考真題匯編分項解讀及變式 閱讀理解B篇真題變式題（解析版）

2023年高考真題變式題分類匯編

專題02

閱讀理解B篇真題變式題（全國甲卷）

[2023年高考真題】

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY（do-it-yourself）.Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecing

togetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,

accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday'sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.She

says:'TmsureIwasn'tmuchofahelptostartwith,paintingtheroomsandputtingdowntheflooringthroughout

thehouse.Ittookweeksanditwasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.^^

Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfrom

losinganydepositwhenatenancy（租期）comestoanend.Sheadds:"I'vemovedhousemanytimesandIalways

liketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,ifsbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepainta

roomtoavoidanychargeswhenI'vemovedout.”

WithmillionsofpeoplelikelytotakeonDIYprojectsoverthatcomingweeks,newresearchshowsthat

morethanhalfofpeopleareplanningtomakethemostofthelong,warmsummerdaystogetjobsdone.The

averagespendperprojectwillbearound￡823.Twothirdsofpeopleaimtoimprovetheircomfortwhileathome.

Twofifthswishtoincreasethevalueoftheirhouse.ThoughDIYhastraditionallybeenseenasmalehobby,the

researchshowsitiswomennowleadingthecharge.

1.Whichisclosestinmeaningto"adabhand^^inparagraph1?

A.Anartist.B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist.D.Apioneer.

2.WhydidTerri'sgrandfathergiveher￡5aday?

A.Forabirthdaygift.B.Asatreatforherwork.

C.TosupportherDIYprojects.D.Toencouragehertotakeupahobby.

3.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?

A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B.Byfurnishingitherself.

C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.

4.WhattrendinDIYdoestheresearchshow?

A.Itisbecomingmorecostly.

B.Itisgettingmoretime-consuming.

C.Itisturningintoaseasonalindustry.

D.Itisgainingpopularityamongfemales.

【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述了一位DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能以及DIY項目可能

會在女性群體中變成一種潮流趨勢。

1.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫線短語下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,

sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.（她擅長擺架子和拼接家具，從不付錢給別人做她自

己能做的工作）”可推知，此處指TerriBoltonis是一位DIY高手。C項“Aspecialist（一位專業(yè)人員）“最接近

畫線短語“adabhand”的意思。故選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.

Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday'sworkwas

rewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.（她將這些技能歸功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商DerekLloydo從六歲起，現(xiàn)

年26歲的Terri就在學(xué)校放假期間陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英鎊零花錢的獎勵）”以及“Ittook

weeksandiswasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.（這花了幾個星期的時間，是一項艱

苦的工作，但我知道他為我的技能感到驕傲）”可推知，Terri的祖父每天給她5英鎊是作為對她的工作的鼓

勵。故選B。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“So,ifsbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomto

avoidanychargeswhenFvemovedout.（所以，當(dāng)我搬出去時，知道如何掩蓋漏洞并重新粉刷房間以避免任

何費用是很有用的）”可推知，Terri是通過粉飾房間，讓它看起來像以前一樣，來避免被扣除租房的押金的。

故選Ao

4.細節(jié)理解題。通過文章最后一段"theresearchshowsitiswomennowleadingthecharge（研究表明，

現(xiàn)在是女性主導(dǎo)了這項運動）”可知，研究表明，DIY將在女性中越來越受歡迎。故選D。

【高考真題變式題1】

Findingamaskwhichoffersyouahighprotectionleveliscrucialtofiltering（過濾）outanyparticlesfora

longtime.However,afterafewhours,themaskbecomescontaminated（污染）bytheparticlesandyouneedto

replaceitwithanewone.See,youhavetogetamaskofferingactiveprotectioninadditiontopassivefiltration.

Thefirstruleofamaskofferingyouanykindofprotectionisthatitneedstofitwell.Themaskalsoneedsto

becomfortableandallowyoutobreatheeasilyforyoutobeabletokeepitonforasmanyhoursasyouneed.

Duringlonghoursofwear,foodanddirtmayremainontheinsideofyourmask.Allthehoursspentina

placewithless-than-idealconditionsforhumanhealtharewonderfulnewsforbacteriathatthriveonfood

particlesandmuckleftbehindontheinsideofyourmask.Thisgrowthopportunityforbacteriacouldnotjustbe

dangerousbutcouldalsocauseabadsmell.Soyou'dbetterhaveakindthatkillsoffthesmell-causingbacteria,

leavingyourmasksmellingfresh.

Youshouldlookforclothmasksthathavemultiplelayersofbreathablefabricthatistightlywoven,includea

robust（結(jié)實的）nosewireforyoutoadjustthemasktotheshapeofyourfaceandpreventairescapingfrom

aroundyournose,donothavegapsaroundthenoseorsidesofthefaceandthatblockoutthelightifyouholdthe

maskuptoabrightlightsource.Itisgoodforthemasktocomewithyourchoiceofeitherheadstrapsorear

straps,bothadjustable.Itisalsogoodifthemaskhasdifferentsizesrangingfromkidstoadultstoensure

everyonestaysprotected.

5.Whatismostimportantaboutamaskaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Offeringpassivefiltration.

B.Offeringactiveprotection.

C.Workingforlonghours.

D.Filteringoutallparticles.

6.Whyshouldamaskhavearobustnosewire?

A.Toshapeyourface.

B.Toblockoutthelight.

C.Toofferdifferentsizesrangingfromkidstoadults.

D.Foryoutoadjusttheshapeandpreventairescaping.

7.Whichofthefollowingcan'tbeadjusted?

A.Thesize.B.Theearstrap.

C.Thenosewire.D.Theheadstrap.

8.Whomisthepassageintendedfor?

A.Kids.B.Doctors.

C.Citizens.D.Maskmakers.

【答案】5.B6.D7.A8.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了挑選口罩的方法。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Findingamaskwhichoffersyouahighprotectionleveliscrucialtofiltering

（過濾）outanyparticlesforalongtime."（找到一個能提供高防護等級的口罩對于長時間過濾掉任何顆粒至

關(guān)重要。）可知，口罩能提供有效的保護是很重要的。故選B項。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Youshouldlookfbrclothmasksthathavemultiplelayersofbreathable

fabricthatistightlywoven,includearobust（結(jié)實的）nosewireforyoutoadjustthemasktotheshapeofyour

faceandpreventairescapingfromaroundyournose,donothavegapsaroundthenoseorsidesofthefaceand

thatblockoutthelightifyouholdthemaskuptoabrightlightsource.（你應(yīng)該選擇有多層緊密編織的透氣織

物的布口罩，包括一個堅固的鼻線，你可以根據(jù)你的臉型調(diào)整口罩，防止空氣從你的鼻子周圍逸出，鼻子

周圍或臉兩側(cè)沒有縫隙，如果你把口罩舉到明亮的光源前，它會擋住光線。）“可知，口罩需要堅固的鼻繩

來緊貼鼻子，防止氣體流出。故選D項。

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Itisalsogoodifthemaskhasdifferentsizesrangingfromkidstoadultsto

ensureeveryonestaysprotected.（如果口罩的尺寸從兒童到成人不等，以確保每個人都得到保護，這也是很

好的。）”可知，口罩的大小不能調(diào)整。故選A項。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Findingamaskwhichoffersyouahighprotectionleveliscrucialtofiltering

（過濾）outanyparticlesforalongtime.However,afterafewhours,themaskbecomescontaminated（污染）by

theparticlesandyouneedtoreplaceitwithanewone.See,youhavetogetamaskofferingactiveprotectionin

additiontopassivefiltration.（找到一個能提供高防護等級的口罩對于長時間過濾掉任何顆粒至關(guān)重要。然而,

幾個小時后，口罩會被顆粒污染，你需要更換一個新的口罩。你得有一個除了被動過濾之外還能提供主動

保護的口罩。廠可知，本文主要介紹了挑選口罩對抗污染的方法，故其目標(biāo)讀者是所有市民。故選C項。

【高考真題變式題2】

InScotland,600,000tonnesoffoodarethrownawayeveryyear.Thisamountoffood,whichcouldfeed

about1.2billionpoorpeople,isalmostathirdofhousehold（家庭的）waste.Andfoodwasteisn'tjustabig

probleminScotland.

Money,time,andresourcesareoftenwastedbythrowingawaygoodfood.Italsocausesveryharmful

greenhousegas,whichisperiloustotheplanet.

Intheproductionstage,somefoodsdonotenterthefoodchainformanyreasons.Supermarketsusuallycare

aboutthequalityoffoodfromfarms.Theyoftenrefusestrange-lookingandunusuallysizedproduce.However,

theyseemtoforgetthatitisalmostimpossibletogrowtheperfectproduce.Foodwasteattheconsumption（消費）

stageincludesfoodgoingoutofdateandleftovers（剩飯）becauseoftoomuchfood.Inhouseholds,evenmostly

freshfruitandvegetablesarethrownaway.

Inordertoreducefoodwaste,hereiswhatwecando:

Understandtheterms“useby"and"bestbefore^^dates."Useby“datesaretherefbryoursafety.Itis

dangeroustoeatfoodaftertheuse-bydateanddoingsorisksyourhealth."Bestbefore^^datestellyouhowlong

thefoodwillbeatitsbestquality.Oncethefoodpassesthedate,itisn'tnecessarilybad,butyoushouldstillcheck,

justtobesure.

Everytimeyougoshoppingandbringbacknewfood,putthematthebackofyourfridgeandbringthefood

thatwillexpire（至U期）soonclosertothefront.Thatway,youknowwhatneedstobeeatenfirst.

Ifyouhaveanyfoodthatwillexpiresoon,giveittocharityifyouaren'tgoingtoeatit.Theywillreally

appreciatethefoodyouhavegiven.

9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?

A.Foodwasteisthebiggestpartofhouseholdwaste.

B.Householdwastehasn'tdrawnmuchattention.

C.PeopleinScotlandwastethemostfood.

D.Foodwasteisacommonproblem.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous“inParagraph2mean?

A.ValuableB.Dangerous.C.Different.D.Unnecessary.

11.Whatshouldpeopledotoreducefoodwasteaccordingtothetext?

A.Pickusuallysizedproduce.

B.Improvethequalityoffarmproduce.

C.Orderproducedirectlyfromfarmers.

D.Avoidbuyingtoomuchfoodatatime.

12.Whatadvicedoestheauthoroffertopeople?

A.Buyfoodthatwillexpiresoontoreducewaste.

B.Placefoodcarefullyaccordingtoitsexpirydate.

C.Throwawayfoodthatpassesthebest-beforedate.

D.Givefoodthathaspasseditsuse-bydatetocharity.

【答案】9.D10.B11.D12.B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何減少食物浪費提出了一些建議。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"InScotland,600,000tonnesoffoodarethrownawayeveryyear.This

amountoffood,whichcouldfeedabout1.2billionpoorpeople,isalmostathirdofhousehold（家庭的）waste.

（在蘇格蘭，每年有60萬噸食物被丟棄。這些可以養(yǎng)活12億貧困人口的糧食幾乎是家庭浪費的三分之一。）”

可推知，食物浪費是一個普遍的問題。故選D項。

10.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Money,time,andresourcesareoftenwastedbythrowingawaygood

food.Italsocausesveryharmfulgreenhousegas,（金錢、時間和資源常常被浪費在扔掉好的食物上。它還會產(chǎn)

生非常有害的溫室氣體）”可知，這些有害的溫室氣體對地球應(yīng)該是危險的，所以可推測畫線詞是“危險的”

意思。故選B項。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Foodwasteattheconsumption（消費）stageincludesfoodgoingoutof

dateandleftovers闌飯）becauseoftoomuchfood.Inhouseholds,evenmostlyfreshfruitandvegetablesare

thrownaway.（消費階段的食物浪費包括由于食物過多而導(dǎo)致的食物過期和剩飯。在家庭中，甚至大多數(shù)新

鮮的水果和蔬菜都被扔掉了。）”可知，為了避免食物浪費，避免一次買太多的食物。故選D項。

12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Everytimeyougoshoppingandbringbacknewfood,putthemat

thebackofyourfridgeandbringthefoodthatwillexpire（到期）soonclosertothefront.（每次你去購物并帶回

新的食物時，把它們放在冰箱的后面，把即將過期的食物放在靠近前面的地方。廠可知，作者建議根據(jù)食

物的保質(zhì)期小心放置食物。故選B項。

【高考真題變式題3】

Inmanyfamiliestoday,boththemotherandthefatherhavejobsoutsidethehome.Thiscanmakeitdifficult

totakecareofthechildren.Tohelp,somecompaniesarechangingtheworkrules.Thesecompaniesaretryingto

bemorefamily-friendly.

Whatarecompaniesdoingtobecomefamily-friendly?Manycompaniesareallowingtheiremployees（雇員）

toworkflexible（靈活的）hours.Withflexiblehours,peoplecanworkfulltime,buttheydon'thavetoworktoa

nine-to-fiveschedule.Someemployeeschoosetocomeearlyandleaveearly.Someemployeeschoosetoworkten

hoursonedayandsixhoursthenext.Mostcompaniessaythatflexiblehoursincreaseproductivity.IntheUnited

States,aboutone-thirdoffull-timeemployeeshaveflexibleworkschedules.

Family-friendlycompaniesalsoallowtwoemployeestoshareonejob.Eachemployeedoeshalfthejoband

getshalfthesalary.IntheUnitedStates,27%ofthecompaniesoffersomekindofjobsharing.

Manyfamily-friendlycompaniesalsogivepaidleavetobothparentswhenababyisbom.Inmanycountries,

employershavetogivefemaleworkerstimeoffbeforeandafterthebirthofachild.IntheUnitedStates,for

example,femaleemployeesget12weeksofunpaidtimeoff.Newmotherscanstayathome,buttheydontget

theirsalary.Insomecountries,employershavetogiveallworkerspaidleaveforthebirthoftheirchild.In

Finland,forexample,bothmaleandfemaleemployeesgetpaidleave.Womenget105daysofpaidleaveandmen

get42.

Thewaypeopleworkischanging.Formanypeople,thatisagoodthing.

13.Somecompaniesmakesomechangesintheirworkrulesto.

A.enableparentstotakecareoftheirchildren

B.giveparentsmoretimetorelax

C.provideparentswithmorejobopportunities

D.allowparentstoworkathome

14.AccordingtoParagraph2,employeesinfamily-friendlycompanies.

A.canarrangetheirworktimethemselves

B.canworkwiththeirbabiesaround

C.mustworkfromninetofive

D.mustsharejobswithothers

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Employersbecomebusierwithflexiblehours.

B.Employershaveenoughtimetolookaftertheirchildren.

C.Employeescangetjob-sharingopportunitiesinsomeAmericancompanies.

D.Employeescanhavethreemonths5paidleaveinsomeAmericancompanies.

16.Insomecountries,paidleaveisgiventobothparentswhen.

A.theyhavephysicalproblemsB.theyhaveanewbaby

C.theydoagoodjobD.theydoextrawork

17.Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.companies9workrulesaboutgettingleave

B.waysofjobsharinginsomecompanies

C.jobopportunitiesforfemaleemployees

D.somecompanies?family-friendlyrules

【答案】13.A14.A15.C16.B17.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹“家庭友好”型公司制定了那些政策以便讓父母能照顧孩子。

13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段的"Inmanyfamiliestoday,boththemotherandthefatherhavejobsoutsidethe

home.Thiscanmakeitdifficulttotakecareofthechildren.Tohelp,somecompaniesarechangingtheworkrules.

（在今天的許多家庭中，母親和父親都在外工作。這可能會使照顧孩子變得困難。為了提供幫助，一些公司

正在改變工作規(guī)則）”可知，一些公司改變工作規(guī)則是為了讓父母可以照顧孩子。故選A。

14.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Withflexiblehours,peoplecanworkfulltime,buttheydon】havetowork

toanine-to-fiveschedule.Someemployeeschoosetocomeearlyandleaveearly.Someemployeeschooseto

worktenhoursonedayandsixhoursthenext.（靈活的工作時間，人們可以全職工作，但他們不必工作到朝九

晚五。有些員工選擇早來早走。有些員工選擇一天工作10小時，第二天工作6小時）”可知，在“家庭友好”

型公司，員工可以自己安排工作時間。故選A。

15.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“IntheUnitedStates,27%ofthecompaniesoffersomekindofjob

sharing.（在美國，27%的公司提供某種形式的工作分享）”可知，在一些美國公司員工有“工作分享”的機會。

故選C。

16.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Manyfamily-friendlycompaniesalsogivepaidleavetobothparentswhen

ababyisborn.（許多家庭友好型公司也在嬰兒出生時給予父母雙方帶薪休假）”可知，在一些國家當(dāng)嬰兒出生

時，父母雙方都可以獲得帶薪休假。故選B。

17.主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段的“Whatarecompaniesdoingtobecomefamily-friendly?Many

companiesareallowingtheiremployees（雇員）toworkflexible（靈活的）hours.（公司正在做什么來變得對家庭

友好？許多公司允許他們的員工彈性工作時間）”，第三段的“Family-friendlycompaniesalsoallowtwo

employeestoshareonejob.（家庭友好型公司也允許兩名員工分擔(dān)一份工作廣，和第四段的“Many

family-friendlycompaniesalsogivepaidleavetobothparentswhenababyisborn.（許多家庭友好型公司也在嬰

兒出生時給予父母雙方帶薪休假）”可知，本文主要介紹“家庭友好”型公司制定了那些政策以便讓父母能照

顧孩子。故選D。

【高考真題變式題4】

DoyoulovereadingabouttheadventuresoftheX-Men?HowaboutSuperman?MaybeScottPilgrimis

moreyourstyle.Ifanyofthesestoriesarefamiliar,you'velikelybeenreadingoneofthemostpopulartypesof

booksaround-comicbooks!

Formany,though,justreadingcomicbooksisn'tenough.Doyoueverdreamofmakingyourown?Ifso,

you'renotalone.Peopleallovertheworldcomeupwithnewstorieseveryday.Theprocessofwritingacomic

bookcanbedaunting,though.Wherewouldyoubegin?

Allgreatcomicbooksstartwithagreatidea.Thinkupaninterestingmaincharacterorhaveanexciting

adventureinmind.Fromthere,youcanbuildawholecastofcharactersandimaginetheworldtheylivein.Then,

puttogethertheplotofyourstory.Whatisthemajorconflict?Whateventswillleadtotheclimax?Onceyour

ideaisfullyformed,ifstimetostartwriting.

Beforedesigningyourcomicbook,youshouldgiveadescriptionofthemainpointsormajoreventsinvolved

inyourworkfirst.Itcanhelpdirecthowtowriteyourowncomicbook.Onceyouknowthemajoreventsthatwill

happeninthestory,youcanchoosethelayoutforthecomicbook.

Mostcomicbookcreatorssketchthecomicfirstinpencil,thenaddinkandcolorlater.Aminorsliporhuman

errorswillbeavoidableinthefinalcomic.Anotheroptionistousedesignsoftwaretocreatethegraphicsforyour

story.Whilecreatingthebook,don'tforgettoleaveroomforlettering!You'llwanttohaveplentyofspacetoadd

dialogueandsoundeffects.

Whenyourcomicbookisfinished,thefinalstepistopublishyourwork.Manyauthorsselltheircomics

onlineorallowpeopletodownloadportionsofthemforfree.Thiscanhelpyoubuildafollowing.Ifyoudreamof

writingforDCComicsoneday,thisisagreatwaytogetstarted.Mostlargecomicpublisherslookforstoriesthat

arealreadypopularwithonlinea