2018年增值稅新政

20185月1日增值稅新政SusanSong01增值稅稅率調(diào)整TheadjustmentofVATtaxrate10%Taxrate16%稅率下調(diào)后……Afterthetaxrateisdown...Taxlevyrate10%Food,vegetableoilTapwater,heating,cooling,hotwater,gas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,naturalgas,vitality,householdcoalproducts.Books,Newspapers,magazinesFeed,fertilizer,pesticide,agriculturalmachinery,agriculturalfilm,agriculturalproductsOthercommoditiesstipulatedbytheStateCouncilSalesorimport10%Transferofland-userightsSaleofrealestateProvisionofrealestateleaseProvisionofconstructionservicesBasictelecommunicationsservicesProvisionofpostalserviceProvisionoftransportationservices16%SellingorimportinggoodsProvideservicesforprocessingandrepairProvidingtangibleassetrentalservices1.國(guó)際運(yùn)輸服務(wù)Internationaltransportservices2.航天運(yùn)輸服務(wù)Spacetransportservices3.向境外單位的完全在境外消費(fèi)的相關(guān)服務(wù)Relatedservicesthatarefullyconsumedabroadforoverseasunits4.財(cái)政部和國(guó)家稅務(wù)總局規(guī)定的其他服務(wù)OtherservicesstipulatedbytheMinistryofFinanceandtheStateAdministrationofTaxation5.納稅人出口貨物（國(guó)務(wù)院另有規(guī)定的除外）Exportofgoodsbytaxpayers(exceptasotherwiseprovidedbytheStateCouncil)Zerotaxrate1.由于增值稅是價(jià)外稅，稅率的變動(dòng)理論上講并不會(huì)影響社會(huì)產(chǎn)品的不含稅價(jià)格（包括收入和成本），因此，在不考慮附加稅費(fèi)的情況下，稅率降低只會(huì)導(dǎo)致國(guó)家少征稅，并不必然導(dǎo)致中間環(huán)節(jié)納稅人受益。Asthevalueaddedtaxisanextrapricetax,thechangeoftaxratewillnotaffectthenontaxpriceofsocialproducts(includingincomeandcost)intheory.Therefore,inthecaseofnoadditionaltaxandfee,thereductionoftaxratewillonlycausethestatetotaxless,whichdoesnotnecessarilyleadtothebeneficiaryofthemiddletache.

稅率調(diào)整對(duì)納稅人影響Theeffectoftaxrateadjustmentontaxpayers

例1.某商業(yè)企業(yè)稅率降低之前，年不含稅采購(gòu)成本為100萬(wàn)元，不含稅銷(xiāo)售收入為120萬(wàn)元，繳納增值稅20×17%=3.4萬(wàn)元；稅率降低后，如果不含稅成本和收入均保持不變，那么它繳納的增值稅盡管降低為20×16%=3.2萬(wàn)元，它的利潤(rùn)率仍然是20%。

1.Beforethetaxrateofacommercialenterpriseisreduced,theannualnontaxpurchasecostis1millionyuan,thetaxsalesincomeis1million200thousandyuan,andthevalueaddedtaxis20x17%=3.4millionyuan.Ifthetaxrateisreduced,ifthetaxcostandincomearekeptunchanged,thevalueaddedtaxwillbereducedto20*16%=3.2millionyuan,anditsprofitrateisstillstillItis20%.如果考慮附加稅費(fèi)的影響，稅率降低會(huì)使納稅人獲得（3.4-3.2）×12%=240元的好處。Ifweconsidertheeffectofadditionaltaxesandcharges,thelowertaxratewillmaketaxpayersgettheadvantageof(3.4-3.2)12%=240yuan.

稅率調(diào)整對(duì)納稅人影響Theeffectoftaxrateadjustmentontaxpayers2、增值稅的稅負(fù)終將由末端消費(fèi)者承擔(dān)，因此稅率降低理論上會(huì)使末端消費(fèi)者直接受益。包括：ThetaxburdenofVATwilleventuallybebornebytheendconsumers.Therefore,thereductionoftaxratewilltheoreticallybenefittheendconsumersdirectly.Include：（1）自然人，獲取消費(fèi)品的含稅價(jià)格降低。Fornaturalpersons,thetaxpriceofconsumergoodsisreduced.

（2）適用免稅和簡(jiǎn)易計(jì)稅的納稅人，采購(gòu)成本降低，利潤(rùn)上升。Thetaxpayerwhoappliestax-freeandsimpletaxcalculationreducesthepurchasecostandprofits.

稅率調(diào)整對(duì)納稅人影響Theeffectoftaxrateadjustmentontaxpayers例2

某小規(guī)模納稅人自例1中的商業(yè)企業(yè)采購(gòu)貨物，不含稅價(jià)格為120萬(wàn)元，稅率降低前采購(gòu)成本為140.4萬(wàn)元，稅率降低后采購(gòu)成本為139.2萬(wàn)元，成本降低，毛利率提高。Case2,asmallscaletaxpayerhaspurchasedgoodsfromthecommercialenterpriseof1.Thepriceofnotaxis1million200thousandyuan,thecostofpurchasebeforethetaxrateis1million404thousandyuan,thecostofpurchasingis1million392thousandyuan,thecostisreducedandthegrossinterestrateisraised.稅率調(diào)整對(duì)納稅人影響Theeffectoftaxrateadjustmentontaxpayers0102030103對(duì)于尚在執(zhí)行中的合同（一般計(jì)稅，下同），5月1日前的交易，仍應(yīng)以原合同條款為依據(jù)，可不調(diào)整合同價(jià)款，嚴(yán)格按照增值稅納稅義務(wù)發(fā)生時(shí)間開(kāi)票和抵扣。對(duì)于5月1日無(wú)法執(zhí)行完畢的合同，如采購(gòu)商品合同，甲乙雙方應(yīng)重新進(jìn)行合同條款談判，在保證不含稅價(jià)款不變的情況下，相應(yīng)下調(diào)銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)稅額。對(duì)于5月1日后新簽的合同或新發(fā)生的交易，定價(jià)時(shí)應(yīng)執(zhí)行新稅率。Forthestillintheexecutionofthecontract(generaltax,thesamebelow),thetransactionbeforeMay1stshouldstillbebasedonthetermsoftheoriginalcontract,nottoadjustthecontractprice,strictlyinaccordancewiththetimeoftheVATtaxobligationtoopentheticketanddeduct.ForthecontractthatcannotbecompletedinMay1st,suchasthepurchaseofcommoditycontract,thePartyAandPartyBshouldresumethenegotiationofthecontracttermsandreducethesalestaxinthecaseofthenon-taxpriceunchanged.03NewtaxratesshouldbeimplementedwhenpricingnewcontractsornewtransactionsafterMay1st..對(duì)于納稅人而言，建議采取以下應(yīng)對(duì)措施:Fortaxpayers,thefollowingmeasuresshouldbetaken:增值稅納稅義務(wù)發(fā)生時(shí)間、發(fā)票開(kāi)具時(shí)間以及納稅申報(bào)時(shí)間的關(guān)系：TherelationshipbetweenVATdutytime,invoiceopeningtimeandtaxdeclarationtime:

當(dāng)月發(fā)生納稅義務(wù)，當(dāng)月開(kāi)具發(fā)票，次月申報(bào)期申報(bào)納稅。thedutytopaytaxesinthatmonthwillbeinvoicedinthatmonthanddeclaredandpaidinthenextmonth'sdeclarationperiod.1稅率調(diào)整，納稅人注意！Taxrateadjustment,taxpayersneedtopayattentiontoit!增值稅納稅義務(wù)發(fā)生時(shí)間、發(fā)票開(kāi)具時(shí)間以及納稅申報(bào)時(shí)間的關(guān)系：TherelationshipbetweenVATdutytime,invoiceopeningtimeandtaxdeclarationtime:

當(dāng)月開(kāi)具發(fā)票，當(dāng)月發(fā)生納稅義務(wù)，次月申報(bào)期申報(bào)納稅。Invoicesareissuedinthatmonth,andthedutyispayableinthemonth.2稅率調(diào)整，納稅人注意！Taxrateadjustment,taxpayersneedtopayattentiontoit!增值稅納稅義務(wù)發(fā)生時(shí)間、發(fā)票開(kāi)具時(shí)間以及納稅申報(bào)時(shí)間的關(guān)系：TherelationshipbetweenVATdutytime,invoiceopeningtimeandtaxdeclarationtime:

當(dāng)月發(fā)生納稅義務(wù)，次月申報(bào)期申報(bào)納稅，以后期間開(kāi)具發(fā)票。Thedutyoftaxwillbepaidinthesamemonth,thedeclarationperiodwillbedeclaredandpaidinthenextmonth,andtheinvoicewillbeissuedlater.3稅率調(diào)整，納稅人注意！Taxrateadjustment,taxpayersneedtopayattentiontoit!02統(tǒng)一小規(guī)模納稅人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Unifiedsmall-scaletaxpayerstandard條件一Condition1根據(jù)《增值稅暫行條例》第十三條和《增值稅暫行條例實(shí)施細(xì)則》第二十八條的有關(guān)規(guī)定登記的一般納稅人GeneraltaxpayersregisteredinaccordancewiththethirteenthregulationsoftheProvisionalRegulationsonvalue-addedtaxandthetwenty-eighthrulesfortheimplementationoftheProvisionalRegulationsonvalue-addedtax.一般納稅人如何轉(zhuǎn)小規(guī)模納稅人呢？Howdoesageneraltaxpayerturntoasmallscaletaxpayer?條件二(小規(guī)模納稅人標(biāo)準(zhǔn))Condition2(standardofsmallscaletaxpayers)轉(zhuǎn)登記日前連續(xù)12個(gè)月或連續(xù)4個(gè)季度累計(jì)應(yīng)征稅額未超過(guò)500萬(wàn)元Nomorethan5millionyuanhasbeencollectedfor12consecutivemonthsor4consecutivequarters.如何處理進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額和發(fā)票？Howtodealwiththeimporttaxandinvoice?進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額處理Importtax尚未申報(bào)抵扣的進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額以及轉(zhuǎn)登記日當(dāng)期的期末留抵稅額，計(jì)入‘應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)-待抵扣進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額’核算Theinputtaxthathasnotyetbeendeclareddeductibleandthefinaltaxonthetransferdateshallbeincludedinthe"Taxpayables-Inputtaxtobededucted"accounting.一般納稅人轉(zhuǎn)登記為小規(guī)模納稅人后，下期起，按照簡(jiǎn)易計(jì)稅法計(jì)算繳納增值稅；當(dāng)期仍按一般納稅人有關(guān)規(guī)定計(jì)算繳納增值稅。Afterthegeneraltaxpayerisregisteredasasmalltaxpayer,thevalueaddedtaxispaidinaccordancewiththesummarytaxlawandthevalueaddedtaxiscalculatedaccordingtotherelevantregulationsofthegeneraltaxpayerinthecurrentperiod.e.如何處理進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額和發(fā)票？Howtodealwiththeimporttaxandinvoice?發(fā)票處理Invoice4.轉(zhuǎn)登記人自轉(zhuǎn)登記日的下期起，發(fā)生增值稅應(yīng)稅銷(xiāo)售行為，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照征收率開(kāi)具增值稅發(fā)票Inthenextperiodofregistration,thevalueaddedtaxpayableshallbeissuedaccordingtothelevyrate.1.轉(zhuǎn)登記納稅人可以使用現(xiàn)有稅控設(shè)備繼續(xù)開(kāi)增值稅發(fā)票，不需要繳銷(xiāo)稅控設(shè)備和增值稅發(fā)票Theregisteredtaxpayerscanusetheexistingtaxcontroldevicestocontinuethevalue-addedtaxinvoice,donotneedtocancelthetaxcontrolequipmentandvalue-addedtaxinvoices.2.及時(shí)將稅控設(shè)備聯(lián)網(wǎng)完成增值稅發(fā)票稅控開(kāi)票軟件升級(jí)和稅控設(shè)備變更發(fā)行以及調(diào)整業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)Theregisteredtaxpayerpromptlycompletesthetaxcontroldevicenetworktaxcollectionandcontrolinvoicesoftwareupgradeandtaxcontrolequipmentchangeissuanceandadjustmentofthebusinesssysteme.3.轉(zhuǎn)登記納稅人銷(xiāo)售其取得的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，需要開(kāi)具增值稅專(zhuān)用發(fā)票的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照有關(guān)規(guī)定向稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)申請(qǐng)代開(kāi)，并根據(jù)實(shí)際經(jīng)營(yíng)情況，及時(shí)申請(qǐng)調(diào)整增值稅專(zhuān)用發(fā)票最高開(kāi)票限額和增值稅發(fā)票月領(lǐng)用數(shù)量Ifaregisteredtaxpayerselltherealestateitobt