江蘇省啟東市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省啟東市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whichpartofthehousehasbeenrepaired?A．Thewalls.B．Theroof.C．Thedoors.2．What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Classmates.B．Teacherandstudent.C．Librarianandstudent.3．Whattimeisit?A．9:10.B．9:00.C．8:50.4．Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?AShecan’treadmessages.BShecan’tfallasleepatnight.C．Sheisaddictedtoherphone.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theirage.B．Theman’shairstyle.C．Thewoman’scolleagues.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Atschool.B．Atashop.C．Athome.7．Whatwilltheboydonext?A．Checkhisbike.B．Buyapen.C．Reviewhisnotes.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whyisthemansurprisedbythemeal?A．Itwasveryhot.B．Ittastedverygood.C．Itwasveryexpensive.9．HowmanytimeshasthewomanbeentoItaly?A．One.B．Two.C．Six.10．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A．BooktraveltoItaly.B．Gotoabarforadrink.C．GotoanItalianrestaurant.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Wherearethespeakersgoingnow?A．Toahotel.B．Toapark.C．Toamuseum.12．Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A．Theyarelocals.B．Theyaretourists.C．Theyareonabusinesstrip.13．Howdoesthewomanfeel?A．Tired.B．Upset.C．Hungry.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14．Whywasthenewpieceoffurnituresocheap?A．Itwasverydirty.B．Allthelegswereweak.C．Thebackhadasmallproblem.15．Whatcoloristheoldsofa?A．Green.B．White.C．Yellow.16．Whatdoesthemansayaboutthewoman?A．Sheoftenmakesthingsdirty.B．Shedislikesthecolorwhite.C．Shealwaysfindscheapgoods.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiment?A．Tostopdiseasesspreading.B．Tokillthemalemosquitoes.C．Tointroduceanewmosquito.18．Whatweretheenvironmentalgroupsworriedabout?A．Toomanymosquitoeswilldie.B．Mosquitoesmayresistchemicals.C．Malemosquitoeswillbitehumans.19．Whatisknownaboutmosquitoes?A．Onlyfemalesspreaddisease.B．Themalesneedhumanblood.C．Thefemalesfeedonlyonplants.20．Whatcouldbenefitmostiftheexperimentissuccessful?A．Theenvironment.B．Theeconomy.C．Humanhealth.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIfyou’researchingforavacationspotthathitsbothyourfixforcitylifeandaccesstonature,Seattleistheperfectplacetovisit.LocatedinWashington,it’shometosomeofthemostbeautifulnaturallandscapesinthecountry.SpaceNeedleYou’llgettheopportunitytoclimbtoafewlevelsoftheobservationtowerandadmiretheimpressiveviewsoftheMississippiRiverandthemountains.You’llalsobeabletovisittheLoupeLoungetoenjoyacirclingglassfloorexperienceandseatonaSkyriser—anangledglassbenchontheopen-airobservationdeck.UndergroundHistoryTourThisone-hour,small-grouptourwilltakeyouintothefascinatingworldbeneathSeattle’sstreets.You’lltravelalongtheundergroundpathwaysconstructedoveracenturyagoandlearndetailsaboutSeattle’searlyhistoryfromyourknowledgeableguide.You’llhearstoriesoftheKlondikeGoldRush,SkidRowandthearea’soriginalinhabitants(居民).SeattleHarborCruiseOnthisguidedcruise,you’llgetachancetoadmirethesweepingviewsoftheOlympicMountainsandlearnmoreaboutthehistoryofthecity.You’llheadtoPugetSoundtoseeavarietyofwildlifeintheinlandbodyofwater.Thecruisecomeswithafull-servicebaraboardwhereyoucanpurchasecocktails,localwine,beer,snacksandmuchmorewhilerelaxingonthetour.MuseumofFlightYoucanexplorethefascinatingexhibitsoftheMuseumofFlight.Inside,you’llfind175aircraftandspacecraft,thousandsofartefactsandrarephotographs.You’lllearnaboutthehistoryofflightfromhumblebeginningstothefighterplanesofWorldWarIandII.YoucanevenstepaboardaBoeingplanandviewaspaceshuttleintheAviationPavilion.1.Whichplacewillhelpyoulearnaboutspaceadventure?A.SpaceNeedle. B.UndergroundHistoryTour.C.MuseumofFlight. D.SeattleHarborCruise.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoonSeattleHarborCruise?A.OverlookfromtheOlympicMountains. B.Enjoyvariouskindsoffoodanddrink.C.Seeavarietyofwildlifeindeepoceans. D.AdmiresplendidviewsoftheMississippi.3.Whatcanyougetinallthefourtouristspots?A.Mentalrelaxation. B.Historicalknowledge. C.Afreeguide. D.Aflyingexperience.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了西雅圖的四個(gè)度假勝地?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MuseumofFlight部分“Inside,you’llfind175aircraftandspacecraft,thousandsofartefactsandrarephotographs.You’lllearnaboutthehistoryofflightfromhumblebeginningstothefighterplanesofWorldWarIandII.YoucanevenstepaboardaBoeingplanandviewaspaceshuttleintheAviationPavilion.(在里面，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)175架飛機(jī)和航天器，數(shù)千件文物和罕見的照片。你將了解從卑微的開始到第一次和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的飛行歷史。你甚至可以登上波音公司的飛機(jī)，在航空館觀看航天飛機(jī))”可知，MuseumofFlight能幫助你了解太空冒險(xiǎn)。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SeattleHarborCruise部分“Thecruisecomeswithafull-servicebaraboardwhereyoucanpurchasecocktails,localwine,beer,snacksandmuchmorewhilerelaxingonthetour.(游輪上有一個(gè)提供全方位服務(wù)的酒吧，您可以在這里購買雞尾酒、當(dāng)?shù)仄咸丫?、啤酒、小吃等，同時(shí)在旅途中放松身心)”可知，在SeattleHarborCruise，游客可以享受各種各樣的食物和飲料。故選B。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyou’researchingforavacationspotthathitsbothyourfixforcitylifeandaccesstonature,Seattleistheperfectplacetovisit.(如果你正在尋找一個(gè)既能適應(yīng)城市生活又能接觸自然的度假勝地，西雅圖是一個(gè)完美的旅游之地)”可知，在這四個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)，你可以適應(yīng)城市生活并接觸自然，你能得到精神放松。故選A。BForCruz,whogrewupinPeru’smountainousregionofCuzco,fogrepresentsamassiveopportunity.Asaboy,hehadtohikeformorethananhoureverydayacrossroughhillstocollectwaterfromthenearestsource.Butovertime,herealizedthatduringtherainyseason,dropsofwaterwouldgatherinthelargeleavesofbananatrees.Oneday,heandhisfatherbuiltacanalsystemwiththeleavestocollectwater.HemovedtoLimaattheageof25.Shockedbythewatershortagesandexpensivewatersupplythatsomeofthecity’spoorestresidentsweresuffering,CruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005.Theideawastodeploythemethodhelearnedinhishometownonalarger,better-adaptedscale,whichwouldprovidefree,independentlysourcedandeasilyaccessiblewatertothosewhoneededitmost.Hebeganinstalling(安裝)atraditionalfogcatchermodeldevelopedinthe1980s.Thenonprofitprovidedthematerialsforfree,andthecommunitybuilttheinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)themselves.AtthehighestpointofLosTresMiradores,thereisacurioussetoflargestructuresthatislikeafleetofshipsinthesky.Theyareso-called“fogcatchers”.The40fogcatchersthereprovideenoughwaterfor180families,whethertobathe,clean,drink(afterbeingfilteredathome)ortoirrigatecropsonsmallgardenpatches.Supportersbelievethatfogcatchershavethepotentialtoimprovewatersupplyforcommunitiesaroundtheworldamidever-challengingconditions.GermanresearcherLummerichsays,“Theyarecheap,easytoconstruct.Inaworldsearchingforwatersupplysystems,itisoneimportantapproachthatcanmakeanessentialdifferencelocally.Itcouldmakethedifferencebetweenhavingwaterandnothavingwateravailable.”Therearesomeissues,however.Forone,fogcatchersrequirespace,whichisnotalwayseasytocomebyincities.Atthesametime,fogcatchersmustbeproperlycleanedandmaintainedtostayeffective.Mostcrucially,appropriateclimateconditionsarerequired.Fogisn’teverywhere.4.WhydidCruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005?A.Toraisemoneyforthepoorestresidents. B.Toconstructtheinfrastructureforthecity.C.Tobuildacanalsystemforhishometown. D.Toofferwatertopeoplewhoneeditbadly.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deploy”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Employ. B.Abandon. C.Design. D.Explore.6.Whatistheproblemwithfogcatchersinurbanareas?A.Highexpenses. B.Publicopposition. C.Technicalfaults. D.Spacelimitation.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Apracticalapplicationoffogcatchersincities B.ThedevelopmentofaclimateorganizationC.Acreativemethodofimprovingwatersupply D.Theimportanceofinfrastructureconstruction〖答案〗4.D5.A6.D7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)成長在秘魯山區(qū)的年輕人把在自己家鄉(xiāng)所嘗試發(fā)明的收集水的方式帶到了后來搬去的一個(gè)水資源特別貧乏的地區(qū)，運(yùn)用捕霧的方式解決了當(dāng)?shù)厝彼睦Ь?，給當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈蜕a(chǎn)都帶了很多好處?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Shockedbythewatershortagesandexpensivewatersupplythatsomeofthecity’spoorestresidentsweresuffering,CruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005.(一些城市最貧窮的居民正在遭受水資源短缺和昂貴的供水，Cruz對此感到震驚，于2005年成立了EIMovimientoPeruanossinAgua。)”可知，Cruz建立EIMovimientoPeruanossinAgua是為了給遭受水資源短缺的人提供水。故選D?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Shockedbythewatershortagesandexpensivewatersupplythatsomeofthecity’spoorestresidentsweresuffering,CruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005.(一些城市最貧窮的居民面臨著水資源短缺和昂貴的供水，Cruz感到震驚，于2005年成立了ElMovimientoPeruanossinAgua。)”和下文“Hebeganinstalling(安裝)atraditionalfogcatchermodeldevelopedinthe1980s.(他開始安裝上世紀(jì)80年代開發(fā)的傳統(tǒng)捕霧器模型。)”可知，此處講述了Cruz產(chǎn)生該想法是因?yàn)楸划?dāng)?shù)氐乃Y源貧乏情況震驚，他有了想法后便著手解決該問題。由此可知，這種想法應(yīng)該是將之前在家鄉(xiāng)學(xué)到的收集水的方法“使用”到新的環(huán)境中，劃線詞意思應(yīng)該是“使用”，與employ意思相近。故選A。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Forone,fogcatchersrequirespace,whichisnotalwayseasytocomebyincities.(首先，捕霧器需要空間，這在城市里并不容易找到。)”可知，在城市地區(qū)，捕霧器的問題是空間限制。故選D。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文結(jié)合倒數(shù)第一段的“Supportersbelievethatfogcatchershavethepotentialtoimprovewatersupplyforcommunitiesaroundtheworldamidever-challengingconditions.(支持者認(rèn)為，捕霧器有潛力在日益嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境下改善世界各地社區(qū)的供水。)”可知，文章主要講述了一個(gè)成長在秘魯山區(qū)的年輕人把在自己家鄉(xiāng)所嘗試發(fā)明的收集水的方式帶到了后來搬去的一個(gè)水資源特別貧乏的地區(qū)，運(yùn)用捕霧的方式解決了當(dāng)?shù)厝彼睦Ь?，給當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈蜕a(chǎn)都帶了很多好處。在充滿挑戰(zhàn)的環(huán)境中，捕霧器有潛力改善世界各地社區(qū)的供水。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“一種改善供水的創(chuàng)造性方法”契合文章主旨，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C。CHowofteninyourbusylifewhenfacedwithanissueoraproblemdoyouconsidersubtraction(減法)?Everyday,withbigandsmallchallenges,weignoreabasicwaytomakethingsbetter.Wearegreatataddingtoour“todos”,butwedon’tconsider“stop-doings”.Wecollectnew-and-improvedideas,butdon’tdeletetheoutdatedones.Doyourresolutionsmoreoftenstartwith“Ishoulddomoreof…”thanwith“Ishoulddolessof…”?Doyouaddnewrulesinyourhouseholdorworkplacemoreoftenthanyoutakerulesaway?Inourstrivingtoimproveourlives,ourworkandoursociety,weoverwhelminglyadd.LeidyKlotz’sLegobridgetest,withtwosupporttowersofdifferingheights,foundthatalmosteveryoneaddedaLegobricktotheshortertower,ratherthanremovingabrickfromthelongertower.Thevalidsubtractionsolutionproducedastrongeroutcome.Whydoweignoretheoptiontosubtractfromwhatisalreadythere?Whydowefailtousesubtractionasawaytochangethings?Firstly,behaviouralsciencesuggeststhatourbrainsarewiredtoignoresubtraction.Initialstudiesshowthatourmentalshortcutshaveapreferenceforaddingwhensolvingproblem.Wearetrickedbyourmindset.Further,wehaveatendencytothinkadditionorsubtraction;however,theycanbecomplementary(互補(bǔ)的)waystomakechanges.Soweignoresubtractionbecauseitisoftenhardertothinkof.Moreover,evenwhenwedomanagetothinkofit,subtractingcanbehardertoperform.Inchemistry,valency(化合價(jià))referstoanelementalforcethatisnotnecessarilyvisiblebuthelpsexplaintheelements’behaviour.Psychologicalvalencyistheinnerattractivenessorstrongdislikeofsomething.Thereisanegativevalencyaroundsubtracting.Eventhewordsubtractionhasanegativevalency.Subtractionistheactofgettingtolessbutitisnotthesameasdoingless.Gettingtolessoftenmeansdoing,oratleastthinking,more.InyourpursuitofsuccessandhappinessIencourageyoutoovercomethetendencytoignoresubtraction.Subtractingcanbedelightful!8.Whatdopeopleusuallydowhenfacedwithproblemsinlife?A.Adoptsubtraction. B.Stopdoingthings.C.Addnewrules. D.Abandonoutdatedideas.9.Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A.Bycomparingexamples. B.Byconductingasurvey.C.Byanalyzingstatistics. D.Bycitingatypicaltest.10.Whatcausespeopletoignoretheoptionofsubtraction?A.Initialfixedmindset. B.Resistancetochange.C.Flexiblementaldesire. D.Expectationforsuccess.11.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Statepossiblereasons. B.Offervaluableadvice.C.Givesomewarnings. D.Provideusefulproof.〖答案〗8.C9.D10.A11.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。主要介紹了在忙碌的生活中，當(dāng)你面對一個(gè)問題時(shí)，習(xí)慣性做加法，作者建議克服忽視減法的傾向，做減法讓人愉快?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段講到“Wearegreatataddingtoour“todos”,butwedon’tconsider“stop-doings”.(我們很擅長增加我們的“待辦事項(xiàng)”，但我們不考慮“停止行動(dòng)”。)”可知，當(dāng)人們面對生活中的問題時(shí)，通常會(huì)添加新規(guī)則。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。文章第四段講到“LeidyKlotz’sLegobridgetest,withtwosupporttowersofdifferingheights,foundthatalmosteveryoneaddedaLegobricktotheshortertower,ratherthanremovingabrickfromthelongertower.(LeidyKlotz的樂高大橋測試有兩個(gè)不同高度的支撐塔，發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎每個(gè)人都在較短的塔上添加了一塊樂高積木，而不是從較長的塔上取下一塊積木。)”可知，作者是通過引用一個(gè)典型的測試證明他的觀點(diǎn)的。故選D?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第六段講到“Initialstudiesshowthatourmentalshortcutshaveapreferenceforaddingwhensolvingproblem.(最初的研究表明，在解決問題時(shí)，我們的思維捷徑更傾向于加法。)”可知，最初的固定心態(tài)導(dǎo)致人們忽略了減法的選項(xiàng)。故選A?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到“Gettingtolessoftenmeansdoing,oratleastthinking,more.InyourpursuitofsuccessandhappinessIencourageyoutoovercomethetendencytoignoresubtraction.Subtractingcanbedelightful!(減少時(shí)間意味著做得更多，或者至少想得更多。在你追求成功和幸福的過程中，我鼓勵(lì)你克服忽視減法的傾向。減法可以令人愉快！)”可知，作者在最后一段是提供有價(jià)值的建議。故選B。DUnderwatertravelisdifficultanddangerous,butmanypeoplehavereasonstostaydeepundertheocean.Soldiersinsubmarinestravellongdistancesunderwater.Companieslookingforoilandotherresourcesstayunderwater,too.Humanshavecomeupwithafewdesignsofvehiclestomovearoundundertheocean.Butwhatiftherewasabetterwaytotravel?HilaryBart-Smith,anengineerattheUniversityofVirginia,thinksavehiclethattravelslikeamantaraywouldbeabletooperateforlongperiodsatseaasifitwerealivingorganism.Mantarays,atypeofcartilaginous(軟骨的)fish,cangrowupto29feetlong,whicharefoundthroughouttheworldintropical,subtropical,andtemperatewaters.Mantaraysaresomeofthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.Differentfromanimalsandpeoplepushingagainstwaterinordertoswim,themantarayswimsbymovingthroughthewaterwithwing-likemovementsoftheirfins(鰭).Efficiencymeansusinglessenergytomovefartherandcausinglesspollution.Bart-SmithandotherengineersattheUniversityofVirginiahadtofindoutwhatmantarayslookedlikeontheinsidetobetterunderstandhowtheymove.Theytookx-raystofindouthowamantaray’sfinsarebuilt.Theyfoundthatawebofcartilage,whichisthesamekindofmaterialthatyourearsandnosearemadefrom,stretchesacrosseachfin.Oncetheengineersknewhowamantaray’sfinwasconstructed,theycouldbuildoneoftheirown.Theymadealongrowofmetalstrutswithmanyhingestoimitatethemantaray’swebofcartilage,actinglikeyourfinger,whichcanbendasonelongline,orbendinmanyplacestomakeacurve.Theengineersputtheirdesigninsideaflexiblecover,shapedlikeamantaray’sfin.Thentheytesteditintheuniversityswimmingpool.Theywerehappytoseethatitswamjustlikeamantarayintheocean.Engineersandscientistsarestilllearningandexperimentingwithhowtoimitatetheseamazinganimals.Perhapssomedayengineerswillbeabletobuildmantarayrobotsthatarebigenoughtotransportpeople.Fornow,engineersstudytheirmovementandlearnfromthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.12.Whydoestheauthorraiseaquestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadtothemaintopic. B.Toaskforacorrectanswer.C.Tosuggestexploringthesea. D.Tosummarizepeople’sviews.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutamantaray?A.Itcangrowatleast29feetlong. B.Itswimswithmuchlessenergy.C.Itcaninhabitallkindsofwaters. D.Itswimsbypushingagainstwater.14.Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?A.Theengineersfailedtobuildamantaray’sfin. B.Artificial“mantarays”remaintobeimproved.C.Theexperimentswerecarriedoutintheocean. D.Vehicleslikemantarayshavebeenputintouse.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproject?A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Negative. D.Optimistic.〖答案〗12.A13.B14.B15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了工程師們模仿魔鬼魚的游泳方式來提高水下交通工具的效率?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Humanshavecomeupwithafewdesignsofvehiclestomovearoundundertheocean.Butwhatiftherewasabetterwaytotravel?(人類已經(jīng)想出了一些在海洋下移動(dòng)的交通工具的設(shè)計(jì)。但如果有更好的行進(jìn)方式呢？)”以及第二段“HilaryBart-Smith,anengineerattheUniversityofVirginia,thinksavehiclethattravelslikeamantaraywouldbeabletooperateforlongperiodsatseaasifitwerealivingorganism.(弗吉尼亞大學(xué)的工程師HilaryBartSmith認(rèn)為，像魔鬼魚一樣行進(jìn)的交通工具能夠在海上長時(shí)間運(yùn)行，就好像它是一個(gè)活的有機(jī)體一樣)”可知，作者在第一段提出問題是為了引出文章主題，工程師們模仿魔鬼魚的游泳方式制造高效的交通工具。故選A。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Mantaraysaresomeofthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.Differentfromanimalsandpeoplepushingagainstwaterinordertoswim,themantarayswimsbymovingthroughthewaterwithwing-likemovementsoftheirfins(鰭).Efficiencymeansusinglessenergytomovefartherandcausinglesspollution.(魔鬼魚是海洋中最有效率的游泳者之一。與為了游泳而推水的動(dòng)物和人不同，魔鬼魚是通過鰭的翅膀狀運(yùn)動(dòng)在水中移動(dòng)來游泳的。效率意味著使用更少的能量走得更遠(yuǎn)，造成更少的污染)”可知，魔鬼魚游泳的效率高，需要的能量少。故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Theengineersputtheirdesigninsideaflexiblecover,shapedlikeamantaray’sfin.Thentheytesteditintheuniversityswimmingpool.Theywerehappytoseethatitswamjustlikeamantarayintheocean.(工程師們把他們的設(shè)計(jì)放在一個(gè)有彈性的蓋子里，蓋子的形狀像魔鬼魚的鰭。然后他們在大學(xué)的游泳池里進(jìn)行了測試。他們很高興看到它像魔鬼魚一樣在海里游動(dòng))”以及第五段“Engineersandscientistsarestilllearningandexperimentingwithhowtoimitatetheseamazinganimals.(工程師和科學(xué)家仍在學(xué)習(xí)和試驗(yàn)如何模仿這些神奇的動(dòng)物)”可知，人造的魔鬼魚鰭已經(jīng)在大學(xué)的游泳池進(jìn)行了測試，但工程師和科學(xué)家仍在學(xué)習(xí)和試驗(yàn)，仍需改進(jìn)。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Perhapssomedayengineerswillbeabletobuildmantarayrobotsthatarebigenoughtotransportpeople.Fornow,engineersstudytheirmovementandlearnfromthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.(也許有一天，工程師們將能夠制造出足夠大的魔鬼魚機(jī)器人來運(yùn)送人。目前，工程師們研究它們的動(dòng)作，并向海洋中最高效的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員學(xué)習(xí))”可知，作者對魔鬼魚的研究持樂觀的態(tài)度。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thejourneytowardsself-improvementandpersonalsuccessisoftenpavedwithchallengesandobstacles.____16____Thepowerofmindsetextendsbeyondmerepositivethinking.Itshapesyourattitudesandactions,therebyshapingyourdestiny.Mindsetrestsonafundamentalprinciple:yourinnerbeliefsandthoughtscanformyourreality.____17____Itisalsoabouthowanoptimisticmindsetfosters(培養(yǎng))improveddecision-making,heightenedproblem-solvingabilities,andstrongerresilienceagainstchallenges.Factorsliketalentandhardworkareoftenhighlightedinprofessionalsuccess.____18____Consideraphysicaltherapist,whomayencounterlimitationsintheireffectivenessduetoanegativeorfixedmindsetdespitepossessingthenecessaryskillsandknowledge.Thissituationunderlineshowagrowthmindsetisessential.____19____Itisagame-changerinpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment.Itiscenteredaroundthebeliefthatabilitiesandintelligencearenotfixedtraitsbutcanbecultivatedthrougheffort,learning,andperseverance.Tomakefulluseofthepotentialofyourmindset,itiscrucialtoconfrontandovercomelimitingbeliefs.Youmayneverrealizeit.____20____A.Thisisn’tmerelyhopefulthinking.B.Effortandabilitycanequalapositivemindset.C.Thegrowthmindsetmeanscontinuousimprovement.D.Infact,mindsetemergesasanequallycriticalelement.E.Suchbeliefscanactasinvisiblebarrierstoyoursuccess.F.Mindsetplaysanimportantroleinbuildinggoodrelationship.G.However,acrucialelementthatinfluencesthisjourneyisthemindset.〖答案〗16.G17.A18.D19.C20.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了心態(tài)是自我完善和個(gè)人成功的旅程的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，心態(tài)的力量塑造一個(gè)人的態(tài)度和行為，從而塑造個(gè)人的命運(yùn)?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thejourneytowardsself-improvementandpersonalsuccessisoftenpavedwithchallengesandobstacles.(自我完善和個(gè)人成功的旅程往往充滿了挑戰(zhàn)和礙)”和下文“Thepowerofmindsetextendsbeyondmerepositivethinking.Itshapesyourattitudesandactions,therebyshapingyourdestiny.(心態(tài)的力量超越了單純的積極思考。它塑造你的態(tài)度度和行為，從而塑造你的命運(yùn))”可知，盡管一個(gè)人在自我完善和走向個(gè)人成功的旅程中充滿坎坷，但一個(gè)人的心態(tài)卻可以決定其命運(yùn)。選項(xiàng)G“然而，影響這段旅程的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是心態(tài)?！背猩蠁⑾?，符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Mindsetrestsonafundamentalprinciple:yourinnerbeliefsandthoughtscanformyourreality.(心態(tài)建立在一個(gè)基本原則上：你內(nèi)心的信念和想法可以形成你的現(xiàn)實(shí))”中的“innerbeliefsandthoughts”以及下文“Itisalsoabouthowanoptimisticmindsetfosters(培養(yǎng))improveddecision-making,heightenedproblem-solvingabilities,andstrongerresilienceagainstchallenges.(這也是關(guān)于樂觀心態(tài)如何促進(jìn)決策的改進(jìn)、解決問題的能力的提高以及應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的更強(qiáng)韌性)”中的“decision-making”可知，選項(xiàng)A“這不僅僅是充滿希望的想法?！敝衪hinking切合段落主旨，起到街接語境作用。故選A?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Consideraphysicaltherapist,whomayencounterlimitationsintheireffectivenessduetoanegativeorfixedmindsetdespitepossessingthenecessaryskillsandknowledge.Thissituationunderlineshowagrowthmindsetisessential.(考慮一位物理治療師，盡管他擁有必要的技能和知識，但由于消極或固定的心態(tài)，他們的有效性可能會(huì)受到限制。這種情況突顯了成長心態(tài)的重要性)”可知，此處說明心態(tài)的重要性。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D“事實(shí)上，心態(tài)是一個(gè)同樣重要的因素?！狈项}意。故選D。【19題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Itisagame-changerinpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment.Itiscenteredaroundthebeliefthatabilitiesandintelligencearenotfixedtraitsbutcanbecultivatedthrougheffort,learning,andperseverance.(這是個(gè)人和職業(yè)發(fā)展的游戲規(guī)則。它的核心是相信能力和智力不是固定的特征，而是可以通過努力，學(xué)習(xí)和毅力來培養(yǎng)的)”可知，此外說明心心態(tài)是應(yīng)該可以培養(yǎng)和進(jìn)步的。由此可知，選項(xiàng)C“成長心態(tài)意味著不斷進(jìn)步”符合題意。故選C?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Tomakefulluseofthepotentialofyourmindset,itiscrucialtoconfrontandovercomelimitingbeliefs.Youmayneverrealizeit.(為了充分利用你的心態(tài)的潛力，直面和克服有限的信念是至關(guān)重要的)”可知，積極心態(tài)下的努力和能力可以使一個(gè)人自我完善并取得成功。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“努力和能力可以等同于積極的心態(tài)。”符合題意，故選B。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)?！癐’vemetanoldlady,”Ieagerlytoldmyparentsononeofourdailyphone.Ivolunteeredtostartaknittingclubatacarehomeforthe____21____innorthLondon.Ididn’trealizeitwouldbethestartofaclose____22____,whereourages____23____sharply.Fromthebeginning,IneverfeltthatEdithandIlacked____24____.IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything,andthather____25____stretchedbacksoeasily,____26____evensmallthingsthattookplace100yearsago.WhenIfirstmetEdith,Iwas____27____byherintelligenceandvitality.Herdoctor’sdegreefromtheUniversityofViennatoldmeaboutthis.Asachild,shelovedtoskateonthelakeinwinters,butinherlateryearssheadoredthesummer,____28____herphysicalconditions.Althoughfromhernineties,shewas____29____toawheelchair,sheparticipatedintheexerciseclasses.OvertheyearsofvisitingEdith,IunderstoodhowEdithvaluedthe____30____ofpeopleaboveeverythingelseandmaterialpossessions,whichwasareminderofhowweshould____31____ourlives.Deathat111isnotunexpected,butIstillfeelthatsomethingis____32____frommylife.Ifeelveryfortunatetohaveformedsucha____33____bondwitharemarkablelady,fromwhomIlearntotakethewordsof____34____.Iappreciatenothingmorethantheopportunitytoregainnew____35____intolife.21.A.lonely B.elderly C.disabled D.deserted22.A.friendship B.cooperation C.encounter D.competition23.A.switched B.contracted C.contrasted D.identified24.A.adaptation B.commitment C.conversation D.attention25.A.memory B.organ C.anxiety D.manner26.A.explaining B.recalling C.forgetting D.expecting27.A.confused B.urged C.denied D.struck28.A.callingon B.allowingfor C.sortingout D.beatingdown29.A.devoted B.admitted C.restricted D.addicted30.A.company B.discipline C.resolution D.departure31.A.follow B.tackle C.restore D.engage32.A.arising B.ranging C.missing D.suffering33.A.racial B.diverse C.visible D.special34.A.complaint B.praise C.gratitude D.wisdom35.A.insights B.comparison C.investmentD.remarks〖答案〗21.B22.A23.C24.C25.A26.B27.D28.B29.C30.A31.D32.C33.D34.D35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在倫敦北部一家養(yǎng)老院志愿組織針織俱樂部時(shí)，與一位110歲高齡的老婦人建立了深厚的友誼的故事?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我自愿在倫敦北部的一家養(yǎng)老院成立了一個(gè)針織俱樂部。A.lonely孤獨(dú)的；B.elderly年老的；C.disabled殘疾的；D.deserted被拋棄的。根據(jù)下文“IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything”可知，110歲的伊迪絲可以和作者談?wù)撊魏问虑?，所以此處表示作者為老年人成立了一個(gè)針織俱樂部。故選B。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有意識到這將是一段親密友誼的開始，在這段友誼中，我們的年齡形成了鮮明的對比。A.friendship友誼；B.cooperation合作；C.encounter偶遇；D.competition比賽。根據(jù)下文“Ifeelveryfortunatetohaveformedsucha________bondwitharemarkablelady,fromwhomIlearntotakethewordsof________.”可知，作者感到非常幸運(yùn)能與一位杰出的女士建立如此特殊的關(guān)系，所以此處表示作者與這位老人有一段親密的友誼。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有意識到這將是一段親密友誼的開始，在這段友誼中，我們的年齡形成了鮮明的對比。A.switched轉(zhuǎn)換；B.contracted訂契約；C.contrasted比較，對比；D.identified確認(rèn)。根據(jù)下文“IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything,”以及常識可知，伊迪絲已經(jīng)110歲，所以此處表示伊迪絲和作者的年齡形成了鮮明的對比。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從一開始，我就沒覺得伊迪絲和我缺少交流。A.adaptation適應(yīng)；B.commitment奉獻(xiàn)；C.conversation對話；D.attention注意力。根據(jù)下文“IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything,”可知，伊迪絲可以和作者談?wù)撊魏问?，此處表示伊迪絲和作者不缺少交流。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，110歲的伊迪絲可以和我談?wù)撊魏问虑?，她的記憶很容易恢?fù)，甚至可以回憶起100年前發(fā)生的小事。A.memory記憶；B.organ器官；C.anxiety焦慮；D.manner方式。根據(jù)下文“evensmallthingsthattookplace100yearsago”可知，此處表示伊迪絲還可以回憶起100年前的小事，所以此處表示她的記憶很容易恢復(fù)。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，110歲的伊迪絲可以和我談?wù)撊魏问虑?，她的記憶很容易恢?fù)，甚至可以回憶起100年前發(fā)生的小事。A.explaining解釋；B.recalling回憶；C.forgetting忘記；D.expecting期盼。根據(jù)下文“evensmallthingsthattookplace100yearsago”以及語境可知，此處表示伊迪絲甚至可以回憶起100年前發(fā)生的小事。故選B。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我第一次見到伊迪絲時(shí)，她的聰明和活力使我觸動(dòng)。A.confused使困惑，迷惑；B.urged催促；C.denied否認(rèn)；D.struck突然想到。根據(jù)下文“Herdoctor’sdegreefromtheUniversityofViennatoldmeaboutthis.Asachild,shelovedtoskateonthelakeinwinters,butinherlateryearssheadoredthesummer,_______herphysicalconditions.”可知，伊迪絲已經(jīng)110歲，仍然很有活力，所以此處表示伊迪絲的聰明和活力使作者觸動(dòng)，bestruckby為固定短語，意思為：被觸動(dòng)。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：小時(shí)候，她喜歡冬天在湖上滑冰，但在晚年，考慮到她的身體狀況，她喜歡夏天。A.callingon呼吁；B.allowingfor考慮到；C.sortingout分類；D.beatingdown猛烈照射。根據(jù)上文“butinherlateryearssheadoredthesummer”可知，在晚年，她喜歡夏天，這是考慮到她的身體狀況。故選B。【29題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管從90多歲開始，她就只能坐輪椅了，但她還是參加了健身班。A.devoted奉獻(xiàn)；B.admitted允許進(jìn)入，承認(rèn)；C.restricted限制；D.a