2024版高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句課件北師大版

語(yǔ)法專題突破第3講定語(yǔ)從句英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容索引情境導(dǎo)入考點(diǎn)解讀技法圖解情境導(dǎo)入Itwasthesummerof2012,when①IcametoGuangningNo.1SeniorHighSchool.Ourschoolisawonderfulplace,where②Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare.Ourclassroom,the

roof

of

which③lookslikearocketinthedistance,islocatedinthecenterofourschool.Themainreasonwhy④IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends.Icangetalongwithmyclassmateshere,two

of

whom⑤aremybestfriends.Theteacherwhom⑥IlikemostisMrZhang,ourmathteacher.Tobehonest,Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool.用法感悟①when為關(guān)系副詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作

語(yǔ),其先行詞為

②where為關(guān)系副詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作

語(yǔ),其先行詞為

③the

roof

of

which為“the

+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”,在定語(yǔ)從句中作

語(yǔ),其先行詞為

④why為關(guān)系副詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作

語(yǔ),其先行詞為

⑤two

of

whom為“數(shù)詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”,在定語(yǔ)從句中作

語(yǔ),其先行詞為

⑥whom為關(guān)系代詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作

語(yǔ),其先行詞為

時(shí)間狀

thesummerof2012

地點(diǎn)狀

place

主

classroom

原因狀

reason

主

classmates

賓

teacher

考點(diǎn)解讀一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需注意的3組辨析1.關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析只用that的情況:(1)先行詞是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代詞;(2)先行詞被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等詞修飾;(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾,或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí);(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery(正是、恰是),thelast等修飾;(5)先行詞中既有人也有物;(6)在which或who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Thisisthe

veryfilmthatIwanttosee.這正是我想看的一部影片。Thefamouswriter

and

his

book

thatyoureferredtojustnowarewell-knownnow.你剛才提到的那位著名作家和他的書現(xiàn)在非常有名。2.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

項(xiàng)目whichas位置上只能放在先行詞的后面位置靈活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末搭配上無(wú)動(dòng)詞的限制謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如see,hear,know,expect,remember等意思上這一點(diǎn)正如……,正像……的那樣Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.她再婚了,這是始料不及的。Shemarriedagain,asweexpected.正如我們預(yù)料的那樣,她再婚了。3.其他關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析

關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中所作成分who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)、表語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語(yǔ)Eachgraduatestandingontheplayground,whowasaccompaniedbyaparent,wouldbeawardedadiplomabytheheadmaster.每個(gè)畢業(yè)生都由父親或母親陪伴著站在操場(chǎng)上,將由校長(zhǎng)給他們頒發(fā)文憑。Mydaughter,whosejobrequireshertodoalotoftravelling,isalwaysawayfromhome.我的女兒總不在家,她的工作需要經(jīng)常出差。二、關(guān)系副詞的用法(一)關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞及其作用關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的作用與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的關(guān)系when表示時(shí)間的名詞time,day,year等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)=at/in/on/duringwhichwhere表示場(chǎng)所的名詞park,place,country,house等地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)=in/at/to/onwhichwhy表示理由的名詞短語(yǔ)thereason原因狀語(yǔ)=forwhichWeliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.我們生活在一個(gè)比以往任何時(shí)候都更容易獲得更多信息的時(shí)代。AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.古代中國(guó)是各諸侯國(guó)之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的地方。Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=for

which)youarelateagain?你能告訴我你再次遲到的原因嗎?(二)注意事項(xiàng)1.先行詞為抽象名詞point,position,situation,stage,state,case,scene等時(shí),后面也常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Hesaidifwereallygottothepoint

whereweneededtouselifejackets,hewouldhavealreadydiedofterror.他說如果我們真的到了需要用救生衣的地步,他早就嚇?biāo)懒恕?.reason作先行詞時(shí),若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)從句要用that或which引導(dǎo)。Thebossdoesn’twanttohearanyreason(that/which)yougive.老板不想聽你所給的任何理由。三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”既能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,又能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞指物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用which;先行詞指人時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用whom;關(guān)系代詞whose與所修飾的名詞也可同時(shí)放在介詞之后。Chinaisalargecountryin

whichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.中國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó),有著許許多多不同的方言。Heisthepersonon

whomyoucandepend.他是你可以信賴的人。Hewasthemanfrom

whose

roomthethiefhadstolenhisbag.他就是被小偷從房間里偷走包的那個(gè)人。2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonto

whomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp)在黑暗的街道上,沒有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。Physicsisthesubjectin

whicheverystudentinourschoolisinterested.(beinterestedin)物理是我們學(xué)校每個(gè)學(xué)生都很感興趣的學(xué)科。(2)根據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體含義而定。I’llneverforgetthetimeduring

whichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.(duringthattime)我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在鄉(xiāng)下度過的童年時(shí)光。(3)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。Thecolorlessgaswithout

whichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.這種無(wú)色的氣體就是氧氣,離了它我們無(wú)法生存。3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的變式(1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”轉(zhuǎn)換。Shemusthavetimein

whichshecouldgrowcalm(=inwhichtogrowcalm).她需要時(shí)間冷靜。Frank’sdreamistohavehisowngardenin

whichhecanproducemanybeautifulflowers(=inwhichtoproducemanybeautifulflowers).弗蘭克的夢(mèng)想是擁有自己的花園,在里面可以種植許多漂亮的花。(2)“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)HetoldusastoryinEnglish,the

meaning

of

whichIcouldn’tunderstandcompletely.他用英語(yǔ)給我們講了一個(gè)故事,我不能完全理解它的意思。Thereareabout400studentsinourgrade,most

of

whomarefromHaidianDistrict.我們年級(jí)大約有400名學(xué)生,其中大多數(shù)來自海淀區(qū)。小題快練

單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Forexample,thereisChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative,

motivatesmanycountriesalongtheSilkRoadtocooperatemoreclosely.

2.Forexample,thebeginningofthetaleissetinthelate1990s,

SouthKoreadominatedtheinternationalGoworldandChinafellbehind.

which

考查定語(yǔ)從句。空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是China’s

Belt

and

Road

Initiative,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。when

考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為the

late

1990s,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)從句。故填when。3.Reducingfoodlossandwasteisessentialinaworld

millionsofpeoplegohungryeveryday.

4.Long,longago,theKingoftheSkieshadalovelydaughter,to

hemademanycarefulplansforherfuture.

where

考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),定語(yǔ)從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系副詞where。whom

考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析該句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句是由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,