TOEFL-Reading-基礎(chǔ)段詞匯準(zhǔn)備-lesson1

TOEFLReading

托福閱讀Queenie托福閱讀概述文章篇數(shù)：3篇字?jǐn)?shù)：700字做題方式：掃讀+精讀題目數(shù)量：每篇文章12-14道題評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)QuestionTypesBasicInformationandInferenceingquestions(12-14questionsperset)1.FactualInformationquestions〔事實(shí)信息題〕2.NegativeFactualInformationquestions〔否認(rèn)事實(shí)信息題〕3.Inferencequestions〔推斷題〕4.RhetoricalPurposequestions〔修辭目的題〕5.Vocabularyquestions〔詞匯題〕6.Refenrencequestions〔指代題〕7.SetenceSimplificationquestions〔句子簡化題〕8.InsertTextquestion〔句子插入題〕ReadingtoLearnquestions(1perset)9.ProseSummary〔段落大意題〕10.FillinaTable〔表格題〕Lesson1閱讀中的詞匯專有名詞〔不需要認(rèn)識〕學(xué)科單詞形容詞和副詞否認(rèn)副詞詞根詞綴的積累無需認(rèn)識的單詞以大寫字母開頭的專有名詞〔人名，地名，品牌，機(jī)構(gòu)...〕Example:TheOgallalaaquiferisasandstoneformationthatunderliessome583,000squarekilometersoflandextendingfromnorthwesternTexastosouthernSouthDakota.WaterfromrainsandmeltingsnowshasbeenaccumulatingintheOgallalaforthepast30,000years.EstimatesindicatethattheaquifercontainsenoughwatertofillLakeHuron,butunfortunately,underthesemiaridclimaticconditionsthatpresentlyexistintheregion,ratesofadditiontotheaquiferareminimal,amountingtoabouthalfacentimeterayear.學(xué)術(shù)，學(xué)科單詞標(biāo)志：-ist/-ian/...家，師

-ism/-logy/-phy/-ics/...學(xué)補(bǔ)充詞匯：linguistchemistrymusicianbiologychemistphilosophyphysicistphysicspolititianastronomyExample:

In1831whenSmithwasfinallyrecognizedbytheGeologicalSocietyofLondonasthe"fatherofEnglishgeology,"itwasnotonlyforhismapsbutalsoforsomethingevenmoreimportant.Eversincepeoplehadbeguntocatalogthestratainparticularoutcrops,therehadbeenthehopethatthesecouldsomehowbeusedtocalculategeologicaltime.Butasmoreandmoreaccumulationsofstratawerecatalogedinmoreandmoreplaces,itbecameclearthatthesequencesofrockssometimesdifferedfromregiontoregionandthatnorocktypewasevergoingtobecomeareliabletimemakerthroughouttheworld.Evenwithouttheproblemofregionaldifferences,rockspresentadifficultyasuniquetimemakers.Quartzisquartz-asiliconionsurroundedbyfouroxygenions-there'snodifferenceatallbetweentwo-million-year-oldPleistocenequartzandCambrianquartzcreatedover500millionyearsago.常考根本學(xué)科Philosophy：哲學(xué)Psychology：心理學(xué)Anthropology：人類學(xué)Literature：

文學(xué)Sociology：

社會學(xué)Architecture：

建筑學(xué)Archaeology：

考古學(xué)Mechanics：力學(xué)Genetics：遺傳學(xué)Aesthetics：美學(xué)Statistics：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Demography：人口學(xué)…形容詞〔尾綴〕-ful,-ive,-ous,-able-al,-tial,-nal,-cal…-less，-ent/-ant形容詞和副詞?只起修飾和限制作用，不影響中心意思表達(dá)副詞：

-ly,

-ward,

-wise

forward

clockwise

counterclockwise

Example:Muchofthewaterinasampleofwater-saturatedsedimentorrockwilldrainfromitifthesampleisputinasuitabledryplace.Butsomewillremain,clingingtoallsolidsurfaces.Itisheldtherebytheforceofsurfacetensionwithoutwhichwaterwoulddraininstantlyfromanywetsurface,leavingittotallydry.Thetotalvolumeofwaterinthesaturatedsamplemustthereforebethoughtofasconsistingofwaterthatcan,andwaterthatcannot,drainaway.?

no,

not,

never,

nobody,

nothing,

none…?

hardly,

seldomrarely,

barely,

scarcely…?

few

little

(few

people

think…,

do

little

to

help…)?

in

no

way,

at

no

time,

in

no

sense,in

no

case,

by

no

meanson

no

account,

under

no

circumstances注意否認(rèn)副詞ExampleThereverseprocessbroughtyoungmentoBritain,wheremanycontinuedtoliveaftertheir20to25yearsofservice,andthisaddedtothecosmopolitanRomancharacterofthefrontierpopulation.BythelaterRomanperiod,frontiergarrisons(groupsofsoldiers)wereonlyrarelytransferred,serviceinunitsbecameeffectivelyhereditary,andfortswerenolongerpopulatedormaintainedatfullstrength.詞根詞綴擴(kuò)展astro-星,星的astronaut宇航員

naut(ship)astronomy天文學(xué)astrology占星術(shù)

logy學(xué)，論astrospace宇宙空間，太空=spaceastronomer天文學(xué)者astronomical天文學(xué)的，龐大的與astro意義相同的2個詞綴：astr,asterasteroid小行星asterisk星號〔*〕，星形物，加星號于行星：aplanet恒星：afixedstar或apermanentstar衛(wèi)星：asatellite彗星：acomel流星：ashootingstar/ameteor超巨星：asupergiantstarMercury

水星Venus

金星Jupiter

木星Saturn

土星Uranus

天王星Neptune

海王星Pluto

冥王星

mono-單，單一的monopolyn.壟斷,獨(dú)占,專利monologue自言自語，獨(dú)白monorail單軌鐵路mono單聲道放音或錄音=monophonicmonogamy一夫一妻制monotonous

adj.單調(diào)的,枯燥的詞根詞綴擴(kuò)展詞根詞綴擴(kuò)展micro-小的,短的,極微小的microbe微生物,細(xì)菌,尤指病菌,酵母菌bactreia細(xì)菌microcomputer微機(jī)microprocessor微處理器microphone麥克風(fēng)microwave

微波

microwaveoven微波爐microscope顯微鏡telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡microscopica.顯微的,微型的,細(xì)致的macroscopic

a.宏觀的microbiology微生物學(xué)microsoft微軟microchip微型芯片microcircuitry

小型電路詞根詞綴擴(kuò)展

anti-反,對抗,排斥anti+國名如:anti-American反美的antiwar反戰(zhàn)的antipollution反公害antisocial反社會的antitank反坦克antibiotic抗生素antibacterial抗菌性的antibody抗體antifreeze防凍劑

Freeze!antipathy反感anti+path(felling)+ysympathy同情anti的同義詞根:antantonym反義詞

synonym同義詞arctic北極的antarctic南極的詞根詞綴擴(kuò)展

semi-半semiconductor半導(dǎo)體colon冒號semicolon分號其它標(biāo)點(diǎn):period句號comma逗號questionmark問號exclamationmark感慨號semimonthly半月刊semimanufactures半成品=semi+manu(hand)+fact(make)+uressemidiameter半徑semitransparent半透明的semiarid半干旱VocabularyQuestions詞匯題Theword"X"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto...Thephrase"X"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto...

Groundwateristhewordusedtodescribewaterthatsaturatestheground,fillingalltheavailablespaces.Byfarthemostabundanttypeofgroundwaterismeteoricwater;thisisthegroundwaterthatcirculatesaspartofthewatercycle.Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintothegroun