TOEFL-Reading-基礎段詞匯準備-lesson1

TOEFLReading

托福閱讀Queenie托福閱讀概述文章篇數(shù)：3篇字數(shù)：700字做題方式：掃讀+精讀題目數(shù)量：每篇文章12-14道題評分標準QuestionTypesBasicInformationandInferenceingquestions(12-14questionsperset)1.FactualInformationquestions〔事實信息題〕2.NegativeFactualInformationquestions〔否認事實信息題〕3.Inferencequestions〔推斷題〕4.RhetoricalPurposequestions〔修辭目的題〕5.Vocabularyquestions〔詞匯題〕6.Refenrencequestions〔指代題〕7.SetenceSimplificationquestions〔句子簡化題〕8.InsertTextquestion〔句子插入題〕ReadingtoLearnquestions(1perset)9.ProseSummary〔段落大意題〕10.FillinaTable〔表格題〕Lesson1閱讀中的詞匯專有名詞〔不需要認識〕學科單詞形容詞和副詞否認副詞詞根詞綴的積累無需認識的單詞以大寫字母開頭的專有名詞〔人名，地名，品牌，機構(gòu)...〕Example:TheOgallalaaquiferisasandstoneformationthatunderliessome583,000squarekilometersoflandextendingfromnorthwesternTexastosouthernSouthDakota.WaterfromrainsandmeltingsnowshasbeenaccumulatingintheOgallalaforthepast30,000years.EstimatesindicatethattheaquifercontainsenoughwatertofillLakeHuron,butunfortunately,underthesemiaridclimaticconditionsthatpresentlyexistintheregion,ratesofadditiontotheaquiferareminimal,amountingtoabouthalfacentimeterayear.學術(shù)，學科單詞標志：-ist/-ian/...家，師

-ism/-logy/-phy/-ics/...學補充詞匯：linguistchemistrymusicianbiologychemistphilosophyphysicistphysicspolititianastronomyExample:

In1831whenSmithwasfinallyrecognizedbytheGeologicalSocietyofLondonasthe"fatherofEnglishgeology,"itwasnotonlyforhismapsbutalsoforsomethingevenmoreimportant.Eversincepeoplehadbeguntocatalogthestratainparticularoutcrops,therehadbeenthehopethatthesecouldsomehowbeusedtocalculategeologicaltime.Butasmoreandmoreaccumulationsofstratawerecatalogedinmoreandmoreplaces,itbecameclearthatthesequencesofrockssometimesdifferedfromregiontoregionandthatnorocktypewasevergoingtobecomeareliabletimemakerthroughouttheworld.Evenwithouttheproblemofregionaldifferences,rockspresentadifficultyasuniquetimemakers.Quartzisquartz-asiliconionsurroundedbyfouroxygenions-there'snodifferenceatallbetweentwo-million-year-oldPleistocenequartzandCambrianquartzcreatedover500millionyearsago.?？几緦W科Philosophy：哲學Psychology：心理學Anthropology：人類學Literature：

文學Sociology：

社會學Architecture：

建筑學Archaeology：

考古學Mechanics：力學Genetics：遺傳學Aesthetics：美學Statistics：統(tǒng)計學Demography：人口學…形容詞〔尾綴〕-ful,-ive,-ous,-able-al,-tial,-nal,-cal…-less，-ent/-ant形容詞和副詞?只起修飾和限制作用，不影響中心意思表達副詞：

-ly,

-ward,

-wise

forward

clockwise

counterclockwise

Example:Muchofthewaterinasampleofwater-saturatedsedimentorrockwilldrainfromitifthesampleisputinasuitabledryplace.Butsomewillremain,clingingtoallsolidsurfaces.Itisheldtherebytheforceofsurfacetensionwithoutwhichwaterwoulddraininstantlyfromanywetsurface,leavingittotallydry.Thetotalvolumeofwaterinthesaturatedsamplemustthereforebethoughtofasconsistingofwaterthatcan,andwaterthatcannot,drainaway.?

no,

not,

never,

nobody,

nothing,

none…?

hardly,

seldomrarely,

barely,

scarcely…?

few

little

(few

people

think…,

do

little

to

help…)?

in

no

way,

at

no

time,

in

no

sense,in

no

case,

by

no

meanson

no

account,

under

no

circumstances注意否認副詞ExampleThereverseprocessbroughtyoungmentoBritain,wheremanycontinuedtoliveaftertheir20to25yearsofservice,andthisaddedtothecosmopolitanRomancharacterofthefrontierpopulation.BythelaterRomanperiod,frontiergarrisons(groupsofsoldiers)wereonlyrarelytransferred,serviceinunitsbecameeffectivelyhereditary,andfortswerenolongerpopulatedormaintainedatfullstrength.詞根詞綴擴展astro-星,星的astronaut宇航員

naut(ship)astronomy天文學astrology占星術(shù)

logy學，論astrospace宇宙空間，太空=spaceastronomer天文學者astronomical天文學的，龐大的與astro意義相同的2個詞綴：astr,asterasteroid小行星asterisk星號〔*〕，星形物，加星號于行星：aplanet恒星：afixedstar或apermanentstar衛(wèi)星：asatellite彗星：acomel流星：ashootingstar/ameteor超巨星：asupergiantstarMercury

水星Venus

金星Jupiter

木星Saturn

土星Uranus

天王星Neptune

海王星Pluto

冥王星

mono-單，單一的monopolyn.壟斷,獨占,專利monologue自言自語，獨白monorail單軌鐵路mono單聲道放音或錄音=monophonicmonogamy一夫一妻制monotonous

adj.單調(diào)的,枯燥的詞根詞綴擴展詞根詞綴擴展micro-小的,短的,極微小的microbe微生物,細菌,尤指病菌,酵母菌bactreia細菌microcomputer微機microprocessor微處理器microphone麥克風microwave

微波

microwaveoven微波爐microscope顯微鏡telescope望遠鏡microscopica.顯微的,微型的,細致的macroscopic

a.宏觀的microbiology微生物學microsoft微軟microchip微型芯片microcircuitry

小型電路詞根詞綴擴展

anti-反,對抗,排斥anti+國名如:anti-American反美的antiwar反戰(zhàn)的antipollution反公害antisocial反社會的antitank反坦克antibiotic抗生素antibacterial抗菌性的antibody抗體antifreeze防凍劑

Freeze!antipathy反感anti+path(felling)+ysympathy同情anti的同義詞根:antantonym反義詞

synonym同義詞arctic北極的antarctic南極的詞根詞綴擴展

semi-半semiconductor半導體colon冒號semicolon分號其它標點:period句號comma逗號questionmark問號exclamationmark感慨號semimonthly半月刊semimanufactures半成品=semi+manu(hand)+fact(make)+uressemidiameter半徑semitransparent半透明的semiarid半干旱VocabularyQuestions詞匯題Theword"X"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto...Thephrase"X"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto...

Groundwateristhewordusedtodescribewaterthatsaturatestheground,fillingalltheavailablespaces.Byfarthemostabundanttypeofgroundwaterismeteoricwater;thisisthegroundwaterthatcirculatesaspartofthewatercycle.Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintothegroun