中考英語(yǔ)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)：任務(wù)型閱讀技巧知識(shí)講解、鞏固練習(xí)

PAGE中考英語(yǔ)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)：任務(wù)型閱讀技巧【用法講解】考試要求：許多省市中考英語(yǔ)試卷出現(xiàn)了一種綜合閱讀理解題型——任務(wù)型閱讀。任務(wù)型閱讀是一種主觀性試題，也有人稱為“讀后做”，要求考生閱讀短文后在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)一定的判斷、推理、歸納總結(jié)，去完成各種任務(wù)或者解決某種問(wèn)題，這種題型介于閱讀和寫作之間，充分考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)完成任務(wù)的能力。考生需要理解短文并且具備從短文材料中收集有關(guān)的各種信息，然后加工整理輸出信息的能力。1.任務(wù)型閱讀的題型：任務(wù)型閱讀主要考查學(xué)生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是對(duì)語(yǔ)言綜合應(yīng)用能力的考查，考查的題型多樣、命題靈活，可以是翻譯句子，也可以是改寫句子、還原句子。還可以是填寫表格或回答問(wèn)題。命題人對(duì)試題的難度也易于掌握，可以是單詞拼寫這樣較簡(jiǎn)單的題，也可以是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換等中檔題，還可以有歸納主題大意、改寫句子等高檔題。近年來(lái)各省中考試題中任務(wù)型閱讀主要題型如下：1）閱讀選擇配對(duì)根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的語(yǔ)言信息找出與題意要求相匹配的選項(xiàng)。這種選擇題和四選一的題目不同,選項(xiàng)可能是句子或圖片，形式可能是段落大意的歸納與段落的連線，但是可能不是一對(duì)一連線，一般都給出多余選項(xiàng)。【注意】要認(rèn)真閱讀題干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚題目的前半個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，注意句子與短文的聯(lián)系，切不可只看句子的部分內(nèi)容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配對(duì)失誤。要根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容和作者的意圖去搭配、注意配對(duì)后的句子內(nèi)容完整、與短文的內(nèi)容保持一致。短文的段落主題和段落配對(duì)，要抓住短文段落的要點(diǎn)，要全面理解段落內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)系，不能以偏概全。請(qǐng)看下面例題：Youmayfeelcomfortablewithsomepeople.Youspendanhourwiththemandfeelasifyouhaveknownthemhalfalife.Thesepeoplehavesomethingincommon.Andonceweknowwhatitis,wecantrytodoitourselves.Howisitdone?_____1_____Ifyoufollowtheskills,you’llmakefriendswithpeoplequickly.Firstofall,goodtalkersarequestions._____2____Onewell-knowbusinesswomansays,“Atbusinesslunches,Ialwaysaskpeoplewhattheydidthatmorning.It’sacommonquestion,butitwillgetthingsgoing.”Fromthereyoucanmoveontosomeotherquestions.Andhowheanswerswillletyouknowhowfaryoucango._____3____Thispointseemsclear,butitisn’t.Yourquestionshouldhaveapointandhelptotellwhatsortofpersonyouaretalkingto.Andtofindout,youreallyhavetolistencarefullyandattentively.Reallisteningatleastmeanssomethings._____4____Ifsomeonestickstoonetopic,itmeanshe’sreallyinterestedinit.Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords,buttotones(聲調(diào))ofvoice.Ifthevoicesoundsboring,then,it’stimeforyoutochangethesubject.Finally,goodtalkersknowwellwhentosaygood-bye.Remembertogivehimahandshakeandsay,“I’vereallyenjoyedmeetingyou.”_____5_____Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel,andtheymaywalkawayfeelingasifthey’veknownyouhalftheirlife.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng)，使短文意思通順，內(nèi)容完整，并將其標(biāo)號(hào)填寫在下面題號(hào)后的橫線上。A.Almostanyonewillansweraquestion.B.Hereareseveralskillsthatgoodtalkershave.C.Ifyouwanttoseethatpersonagain,don’tkeepitasecret.D.First,itmeansnottochangethesubjectoftheconversation.E.Second,oncegoodtalkershaveaskedquestions,theylistentotheanswers.1._______2._______3.______4.______5.______【答案與解析】1.B。根據(jù)下文所提供的可以遵循的幾條技巧可知，此處應(yīng)表示“好的談話者擁有的技巧”，故選B。2.A。根據(jù)第三段中的“Firstofall,goodtalkersaskquestions.”可知，此處表示“幾乎每個(gè)人都將回答問(wèn)題”，故選A。3.E。根據(jù)上文“Firstofall”可知，此處列舉了第二規(guī)則，故選E。4.D。根據(jù)下文中的“Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords，”可知，此處表示“首先，它意味著……”，故選D。5.C。根據(jù)下文“Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel”可知，此處表示“不要保守秘密”，故選C。2)閱讀短文填空：根據(jù)短文提供的語(yǔ)言信息，以填寫詞語(yǔ)的方式完成文后各題，其形式主要有完成句子、補(bǔ)全信息、所給短文的縮寫或制定各種規(guī)則等任務(wù)形式。所填的詞或詞組往往具有很高的概括性和準(zhǔn)確性，因此,考生必須認(rèn)真閱讀材料,盡可能地從短文中找到所要填寫的詞語(yǔ)或者用其同義詞、近義詞或短語(yǔ)填空、有時(shí)甚至反義詞或短語(yǔ)可能用于與短文中對(duì)應(yīng)句子意思相反的語(yǔ)句中?！咀⒁狻块喿x填空一般是原短文的改寫，所以必須注意原短文的內(nèi)容、情景和一些關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)照原短文的句子和一些詞匯、短語(yǔ)，然后用同義詞匯、短語(yǔ)來(lái)替換。短文填空要遵循原短文的內(nèi)容和要點(diǎn)，不能脫離原作者的意思亂填空。有一些空在遵循原短文的前提下，又需要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，答案可能不是唯一的。請(qǐng)看下面例題：閱讀下面短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容每空填寫一個(gè)單詞。KatieSpotzisa22-year-oldgirlformAmerica.ShewantstocrosstheAtlanticOceanbyboat.Ifshesucceeds,she’llbetheyoungestandthefirstAmericantofinishthe2500-miletrip.Spotzbegansailingwhenshewasatuniversity,butshehasnevertriedtosailsuchalongwaybefore.Itwillbeagreatchallengeforher.Inrecentyears,shehasswumallthewaydownthe325-mileAlleghenyRiverandtraveledbybikefromSeattletoWashington.Spotzknowsthatshemayseesomedangerousthingsduringthetrip.Itwillbeverydangerousifshemeetsverybadweatherinthemiddleofthesea.Butshebelievesthatshecandealwithallthedifficulties.“IneverthoughtIcouldrun26miles,”shesaid.“ButonceIfinishedit,IrealizedthatmaybeIcoulddosomethingevenmoredifficult.”Spotzwantstocollectmoneybygoingonthistrip.Shewantstocollectmoneyforanorganizationcalled“BluePlanetrun”.Theorganizationoffersfree,safedrinkingwatertopeoplewhoneedit.It’lltakeheraboutthreemonthstofinishthistrip.Goodlucktothisbravegirlandbestwishestoher!TheageofSpotz(1)______yearsoldThedistanceofthetrip(2)______milesAdangerousthingduringthetripisthe(3)______weatherThepurposeofthetriptocollect(4)____foranorganizationThetripwilltakeAbout(5)______months.【答案與解析】（1）22（2）2500（3）bad（4）money（5）3/three（1）根據(jù)短文第一句“KatieSpotzisa22-year-oldgirlformAmerica.”可知。（2）根據(jù)短文第三句“she’llbetheyoungestandthefirstAmericantofinishthe2500-miletrip.”可知。（3）根據(jù)第三段第二句“Itwillbeverydangerousifshemeetsverybadweatherinthemiddleofthesea”可知。（4）根據(jù)第五段的第二句Shewantstocollectmoneyforanorganizationcalled“BluePlanetrun”.可知。（5）根據(jù)最后一段第一句“It’lltakeheraboutthreemonthstofinishthistrip.”可知。3)閱讀短文改寫句子這種題型要求在閱讀材料的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)命題要求,改寫文中劃線的句子,或?qū)⑽闹械哪骋粋€(gè)句子譯成英語(yǔ)或者漢語(yǔ)等。這一形式涉及到寫，就應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意書寫規(guī)范、拼寫無(wú)誤、語(yǔ)法正確等。【注意】要認(rèn)真分析短文中劃線句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，注意句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)，是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)合句，然后根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行句型改寫。要注意一些同義詞短語(yǔ)的替換，為改寫同義句打好基礎(chǔ)。句子的意思、時(shí)態(tài)不能改變，改變的是句子的不同表達(dá)方式。對(duì)于一些翻譯要注意英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的不同表達(dá)，切不可按照漢語(yǔ)的思維方式來(lái)翻譯。請(qǐng)看下面例題：WhenIwasachild,myparentsalwaystoldmethatIshouldnevertalktostrangers.ThiswaspartofawholelistofthingsIshouldneverdo:neveracceptfoodorcandyfromstrangers,nevergetinacarwithstrangers,andsoon.Butifwedidn’tstartaconversationwithstrangers,we’dnevermakenewfriends.We’dnevergetajob.①Wemaymissthejoythatcomesfromtalkingwithstrangers.Andthemorepeopleyouknow,themorechancesyoucanfind.Thefollowingpassageoffersyousomeadviceonhowto②breaktheice.Don’tjuststareatyourshoes.Goandsay“Hi”tothatnewguy.Itwillbeeasiertobreaktheiceifyouknowmoreaboutdifferentcultures.British:Beautifulday,isn’tit?TheweatherinBritainischangeable.So,it’soneofthetopicstheBritishcaremostabout.Andthere’sasimplerule:Say“Yes”whetheryouagreewiththeperson’sideaontheweatherornot.③That’sbecausetheBritishstartaconversationusingtheweathersothattheycancontinuetheirtalk.French:Wheredidyougoonholiday?TotalkwithaFrenchperson,thesafestwayistoaskabouthisorherlastholiday.Frenchstudentsenjoya10-to-15-dayholidayeverytwomonths.Frenchemployees(雇員)getmorethansixweeksofholidaysperyear.American:So,whereareyoufrom?TheUSissobigandpeoplemovesooftenthatlocationisalwaysasource(來(lái)源)oftalk.Youcantrytofindaconnectionwiththeplacethey’refrom.Forexample,ifsomeone’sfromLosAngeles,youcouldsay,“Oh,Ihaveafriendwhostudiedthere.”(1)將文中①處劃線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。_______________________________________________(2)將文中②處劃線短語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。_______________________________________________(3)將文中③處劃線句子改寫成同義句。That’sbecausetheBritishstartaconversationusingtheweather____________theirtalk.(4)WhatdoyouusuallytalkabouttostartaconversationwithaFrenchperson?_______________________________________________(5)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?_______________________________________________【答案與解析】我們可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)與陌生人交流的快樂(lè)。miss在此處的意思是“錯(cuò)誤”；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾joy；comefrom的意思是“來(lái)自于”；talkwithsb.表示“同某人談話”。打破沉默/打破僵局/開(kāi)始說(shuō)話。breaktheice是習(xí)慣用法，表示“打破沉默，打破僵局”。tocontinue/forcontinuingusesth.todosth.=usesth.fordoingsth.用……來(lái)做……I/Wecan/usuallytalkabouthis/her(last)holiday./Aholiday./Holidays.根據(jù)“TotalkwithaFrenchperson,thesafestwayistoaskabouthisorherlastholiday.”可知答案。Howtostart/beginaconversationwithastranger/Howtobreaktheice(withstrangers).文中“Thefollowingpassageoffersyousomeadviceonhowtobreaktheice.”是中心句，起到承上啟下的作用，據(jù)此可以作答。因?yàn)槿蝿?wù)型閱讀命題的靈活性，除了上述題型外，各地中考題中還有根據(jù)釋義寫出文中出現(xiàn)的單詞，或要求學(xué)生閱讀一段文字，并根據(jù)文中所提供的信息畫出示意圖，如：路徑、空間位置的設(shè)計(jì)圖、物體形狀圖等題型，其目的都是考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言去做事的能力。但是，無(wú)論題型如何變換，只要我們有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)、靈活的解題方法、尤其是認(rèn)真地解題態(tài)度，都會(huì)迎刃而解的。2.任務(wù)型閱讀的解題技巧：1)明確任務(wù)。由于題目要求形式多樣，在同一篇閱讀材料中會(huì)要求完成不同的任務(wù)，因此解題前要先明確任務(wù)，看清要求，做到心中有數(shù)。2)一一對(duì)應(yīng)，緊扣原文。即在原文中找出問(wèn)題的題干所包括的信息部分，這樣就可以快速準(zhǔn)確地抓住有效信息，確保答題的準(zhǔn)確性。如果是根據(jù)英文釋義寫單詞的題，則一定要確保所填的單詞來(lái)源于原文，切不可脫離原文，隨意發(fā)揮。3)注意讀寫結(jié)合。任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生閱讀理解層面的能力，更加注重考查學(xué)生“寫”的能力。若是寫單詞，則要注意拼寫正確，詞形、詞性有無(wú)變化，是否需要大寫；若所要完成的是短語(yǔ)或句子成分，則更需謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待，依據(jù)所給題干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么樣的表達(dá)方式，不可簡(jiǎn)單草率地將文中信息直接挪用。4)認(rèn)真檢查。完成任務(wù)后要重新審視材料，檢查所做的答案是否復(fù)合要求，同時(shí)語(yǔ)言要精練準(zhǔn)確。【例題精講】I.閱讀下面兩篇短文，根據(jù)所給語(yǔ)境，按要求完成下列各題。Youcanbuychewingguminnearlyeverycountryoftheworld.①Butitwasn’talwayslikethat.TheAmericanIndianswerethefirstpeopletochewgum.Thisgumcamefromaspecialtreethatgrewontheirland.In1848,asailorcalledJohnCurtisbegansellingit.Hewasthefirstpersontosellchewinggum.Thegumhesoldcostjustafewcentsfortwopieces.Itbecamepopularveryquicklyeventhoughitwasveryhardtochew.②Nowadays,otherthingsareaddedtothegumtomakeitsoftandsweet.By1890,therewerehundredsofdifferentchewinggums.Themostfamousnameinchewinggum,however,isprobablyWilliamWrigley.Hespentalotofmoneyinadvertisingandevensentfreepiecesofgumtochildrenontheirbirthdays.③Healsosaidthatchewinggumhelpedpeopleworkbetterandthatitstoppedpeoplefromfeelingtired.Althoughtodaymanymillionsofpeoplechewgum,noteveryonethinksitisagoodthingtodo.Manypeoplethinkitisdirty.TheSingaporegovernmentdoesnotallowpeopletobuychewinggum.Onereasonforthisisthatwhensomepeoplehavechewedallthetasteoutoftheirpieceofgum,theytakeitoutoftheirmouthsandputitontothebacksofseatsorotherplaces.1.請(qǐng)將①處翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。____________________________________________________2.請(qǐng)根據(jù)②處內(nèi)容完成下面句子。（每空一詞）Peoplemakechewinggumsoftandsweet_____________somethingtoit.3.把③處改為直接引語(yǔ)。（每空一詞）Healsosaid,“Chewinggum_______peopleworkbetterandit_______peoplefromfeelingtired.”II.閱讀下面短文，在表格內(nèi)的空白處填入合適的答案(每空一詞)。Mailorderisatermwhichdescribesthebuyingofgoodsorservicesbymaildelivery（郵遞）.Thebuyerplacesanorderforthedesiredproductswiththesalesmanthroughsomeremotemethodsuchasthroughatelephonecallorawebsite.Then,theproductsaredeliveredtothecustomer.Theproductsaretypicallydelivereddirectlytoanaddresssuppliedbythecustomer,suchasahomeaddress,butsometimestheordersaredeliveredtoanearbyretaillocationforthecustomertopickup.Somebusinessmenalsoallowthegoodstobeshippeddirectlytoathirdcustomer,whichisaneffectivewaytosendagifttoanout-of-townfriend.Amailordercatalogue（目錄）isapublicationincludingalistofordinarygoodsfromacompany.Companieswhopublishandoperatemailordercataloguesaretreatedascataloguerswithintheindustry.Goodsareproducedbypeopleallovertheworld,suchasinAustralia,theUSA,Canada,Chinaetc.Andnowmanycataloguers,justaswithmostretailers(零售商),areincreasinglybuyinggoodsfromChina.TitleMailorderWhatMailorderisawayof1bymaildelivery.HowPeoplecanplaceanorderby2atelephonecallorsearchingthewebsite.Peoplecanchoosethegoodstheywantby3upinthecatalogue.WhereNowgoodsmadein4aremoreandmorepopularinforeigncountries.III.任務(wù)型閱讀：閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。IntheUK,busjourneysareverycommon.Busesareoftenconvenient（便利的）forthepeoplewholiveorworkinthecitycenter.Passengerscanavoidheavytrafficandnothavetopayfortheparking.However,takingthebusisjustanecessarybutboringpartoflife:theygetonthebus,payforitandsitorfindaplacetostandwhenitiscrowded.Everyoneseemssadandbored.InLatinAmerica,however,bustripscanbewonderful.Forastart,filmsareshowedonthebusesbetweencitiesforpassengerstohavefunalongthejourneys.Localbusesdonotshowfilms,butdriversusuallyturnontheradioanditcanbegreatforpassengerstolistentosongsandgetrelaxed.Evenbetterthanfilmsandmusicarethesightsandsoundsonthebuses.Localbusesalwaysgotopartsofthetownthatpassengerswouldnotvisitbythemselves.Therepassengerscanseeshopsthattheyhaveneverheardabout.Andtheycanalsoseeotherculturesofthetownfromthewindowsofthebuses.Besides,passengers’luggage(行李)isalsointeresting.Itiscommontoseeahappydog’sheadgettingoutofsomebody’sbagoralovelychicken“speakingcheerfully”undersomebody’sarm.OnceonabusinPeru,afarmereventiedasheeptothetopofthebus.Itwasquitesurprising.Inall,takingthebusinLatinAmericaisreallyfunandunforgettable.1.Accordingtothepassage,intheUK,howtopassengersprobablyfeelonthebuses?Theyprobablyfeel______________________________.2.InLatinAmerica,howcanpeoplehavefunonthebusesbetweencities?Theycan.3.Inthewriter’sopinion,whatareevenbetterthanfilmsandmusiconthebuses?are.4.Whydoesthewriterthinkpassengers’luggageisinteresting?Becauseit’scommontoseedifferentkindsofonthebuses.5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?ItmainlytellsusaboutinLatinAmerica.【答案與解析】I.閱讀下面兩篇短文，根據(jù)所給語(yǔ)境，按要求完成下列各題。1.但是過(guò)去并非如此。/但過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的情況不一樣。此處like是介詞，意為“像”。2.byadding。考查同義句的轉(zhuǎn)換，由第二句句意“現(xiàn)在，其他東西被加進(jìn)口香糖中使得它軟而且甜”可知，把它變成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，此處by在這里作為介詞，介詞后面加doing。3.helps;stops?？疾橥x句的轉(zhuǎn)換，間接引語(yǔ)變成直接引語(yǔ)，需要注意時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞后要注意加-s。II.閱讀下面短文，在表格內(nèi)的空白處填入合適的答案(每空一詞)。1.shopping/buying。第一段第一句話Mailorderisatermwhichdescribesthebuyingofgoodsorservicesbymaildelivery（郵遞），告訴我們：郵購(gòu)訂單是一個(gè)描述通過(guò)郵遞的方式購(gòu)買商品或服務(wù)的術(shù)語(yǔ)。2.making。第一段第二句中throughatelephonecall可知“通過(guò)打電話的方式”，by后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。3.looking。由第二段的第一句話Amailordercatalogue（目錄）isapublicationincludingalistofordinarygoodsfromacompany.“一張郵購(gòu)訂單目錄是一個(gè)包含有一家公司的普通貨物清單的出版物”可知，人們可以通過(guò)在目錄里查詢尋來(lái)選擇他們想要的貨物。4.China。由文章最后一句話Andnowmanycataloguers,justaswithmostretailers（零售商）,areincreasinglybuyinggoodsfromChina.可知“中國(guó)制造的物品在國(guó)外越來(lái)越流行了”。III.任務(wù)型閱讀：閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。1.sadandbored。從第一段最后兩句“theygetonthebus,payforitandsitorfindaplacetostandwhenitiscrowded.Everyoneseemssadandbored.”可知，乘客們的感受是悲傷而又無(wú)聊。2.watchamovie(movies)/seeafilm(film)。從第二段第二句“Forastart,filmsareshowedonthebusesbetweencitiesforpassengerstohavefunalongthejourneys.”可知，人們可以看電影，所以答案為watchamovie(movies)/seeafilm(film)。3.Thesightsandsound(onthebuses)。從第三段第一句“Evenbetterthanfilmsandmusicarethesightsandsoundsonthebuses.”可知答案。4.animals。由第四段內(nèi)容可知，公共汽車上的各種動(dòng)物讓作者感到有趣。故填animals。5.thebustrip(journey)/trips(journeys)。根據(jù)文章主要描述了拉丁美洲的公共汽車之旅，故填thebustrip(journey)/trips(journeys)?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】I.任務(wù)性閱讀真題演練。I)閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成文后的句子。CharlesDarwinwasascientistwhochangedourunderstandingofthenaturalworld.HeisknownastheFatherofModernBiology.Darwinspentallhislifestudyingnatureandmakingnotesaboutallthespecies(物種)hefound.Darwinwasbornin1809inEngland.Likemanygeniuseshedidn'tdowellatschoolandgotpoormarks.Hewasagoodathletethoughandlovedexploringnatureandcollectingseashells.Healsokeptdoingchemistryexperimentsandsohisclassmatesgavehimthenickname"Gas".HisfatherwasadoctorandexpectedCharlestobecomeonetoo.CharlesstartedstudyingmedicineatEdinburghUniversity,butsoongaveuphisstudiesthere.HewentontostudyreligionatCambridgeUniversityinstead.Therehestartedcollectinginsectslikebeetlesandpaidtoolittleattentiontohisstudies.In1831,attheageof22,Darwinwentonafive-yearexpeditiontoSouthAmerica,AustraliaandSouthAfricabyship.Hewasoftenseasick,butthethingshesawonthislongjourneychangedhislife.Hecollectedmanyfossilsaswellasanimalandplantspecimens.Hespenttherestofhislifestudyingwhathehadseenandhewrotemanybooks.In1839,Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwood,withwhomhehadtenchildren!Hewasalovingfatherandenjoyedfamilylife,whichwasalwaysmoreimportanttohimthanhisresearch.Inspiteofhavingmanyhealthproblemsthroughouthislife,Darwinliveduntilhis73.Darwin'smostfamousbookOntheOriginofSpeciescameoutin1859andsoldoutinaday.Itsaidthatalllivingthingswererelated,whichmeantthathumanbeingswerejustanotherkindofanimal.Theseideaswerenotpopularatfirst,butnowmostpeopleagreewiththemandadmireDarwinasabrilliantscientist.1.Darwinwasaandhadgreatinterestsinexploringnaturethoughhewas_____work.2.AtEdinburghUniversity,Darwinsoongaveuphisstudybecausehe________.3.Darwincameupwith_______afterthelongjourney,andwhathesawontheway_______.4.Accordingtothearticle,Darwinlovedhisfamilyverymuchandhehad_______.5.Atfirst,Darwin'snewideasabouthumanbeings________.II)閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。ThanksgivingisalwaysonaThursday.ThedayafterithasbeenknownasBlackFriday.Itisthestartoftheholidayshoppingseason,andithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyearintheUSsince2005.MoststoresofferbigsalesonBlackFriday.Theyopentheirdoorsquiteearlyinthemorning.Theytrytoattractshopperswithbigdiscounts(打折).Someitems(商品)likeTVsandclothsaremuchcheaperthanusual.Storesmayevenlosemoneyontheseitems.Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.BlackFridayisagreattimetogoshopping.However,thereareproblem.Thebiggestoneisthattherearenotenoughlow-priceditems.Eachstoremayonlyhaveafew.Theseitemsareingreatneed,sopeoplestandinlonglinestogetthem.Theymaywaitthreetofourhoursbeforeastoreopens.TheymaybehopingtogetalowpriceonaTVorcomputer,butnoteverybodycangetone.Somepeopleleave,disappointed.Thesituationmakespeopleworried.SomeBlackFridayeventshavebeencrazy.Therehavebeenfightsovertoysamongshoppers.Someworkershaveevenbeenhurtbylargecrowds.ButmostBlackFridayeventsaresafeandfun.Still,ifyouplantogo,youwillexpectlargecrowdsandabitofpushing.Sowheredoesthename“BlackFriday”comefrom?ItwasfirstusedinPhiladelphiainthe1950s.ThepolicecalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitcaused.Inthe1960s,storestriedtorenametheday“BigFriday”.Itdidnotstick.Thename“BlackFriday”continuedtospreadacrossthecountry.Itseemsthatitisheretostay.NowpeoplealloverthecountrytakepartinBlackFridayevents.Itisevenspreadingtootherpartsoftheworld.StoreshaveheldBlackFridayeventsintheUK,Australia,andBrazilsince2012.InMexico,storesofferaweekendofdiscountseveryyear.Theycallit“ElBuenFin”,whichmeans“thegoodweekend”inSpanish.Iguesspeopleeverywhereliketobuythingsonsale.1.IsBlackFridaythestartoftheholidayshoppingseason?___________________________________________________________2.WhatisthebiggestproblemwithBlackFriday?___________________________________________________________3.Howlongmaypeoplehavetowaitbeforeastoreopens?____________________________________________________________4.Wherewasthename“BlackFriday”firstusedinthe1950s?____________________________________________________________5.WhydopeoplelikegoingshoppingonBlackFriday?________________________________________________________II.任務(wù)性閱讀綜合演練。1．閱讀下面的短文.并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題。Since1850,thetemperatureofEarth’ssurfacehasincreasedabout0.6°C.Scientistspredictitmaywarmmuchmorebytheendofthiscentury.Who’sturninguptheheat?Well,itseemsthatweare!Someofthisglobalwarmingmaybenatural.However,nearlyallscientistsnowagreethatmostofitisduetopeoplesactions.Overthepast150years,we'veaddedhugeamountsofcertaingases,especiallycarbondioxide（CO2）totheair.ThesegasescankeepheatnearEarth'ssurface,somorecarbondioxidemeansmoreheatiskeptnearEarth'ssurface.Globalwarmingmaychangetheweatherinwaysthatleadtomoreseverestorms,floodsanddroughts.Weaddcarbondioxidetotheairwhenweburnthings,especiallyfossilfuels.Fossilfuelsareenergysourcesformedfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedmillionsofyearsago.Coal,oil,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.PeopleintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesstartedbuntinglargeamountsoffossilfuelsmorethanacenturyago.Theamountoffossilfuelsbeingburnedeachyearhasbeenincreasingworldwide.Themoreweburn,.Whatcanwedotohelp?Nowadaystolivealow-carbonlifeisquitepopularintheworld.Low-carbonmeanstoreducetheamountofcarbondioxide.Savingenergyandreusingarethekeywords.Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakeourliveslow-carbon.1）Whatproblemcanglobalwarmingcause?（根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題）2）Whatarefossilfuels?（同上）3）請(qǐng)將第一段中的劃線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。4）請(qǐng)根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，將最后一個(gè)句子補(bǔ)充完整。Themorewebum，_____________________________________________.5）請(qǐng)寫出日常生活中的一種“低碳”行為（用英語(yǔ)寫一個(gè)句子）。2．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在短文后1～5小題中句子空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)或句子。Weknowthatmanyanimalsdonotstayinoneplace.Birds,fishandotheranimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotherplaceatacertaintime.Theymovefordifferentreasons:mostofthemmovetofindfoodmoreeasily,butothersmovetogetawayfromplacesthataretoocrowded.Whencoldweathercomes,manybirdsmovetowarmerplacestofindfood.Somefishesgivebirthinwarmwaterandmovetocoldwatertofeed.Themostfamousmigrationisprobablythemigrationoffish,whichiscalled“salmon”(鮭魚(yú)).Thisfishisborninfreshwaterbutittravelsmanymilestosaltwater.Thereitspendsitslife.Whenitisold,itreturnstoitsbirthplaceinfreshwater.Thenitgivesbirthanddies.InnorthernEurope,thereisakindofmouse.Theyleavetheirmountainhomeswhentheybecometoocrowded.Theymovedowntothelowland.Sometimestheymoveallthewaytotheseaside,andmanyofthemarekilledwhentheyfallintothesea.Recently,scientistshavestudiedthemigrationofakindoflobster(龍蝦).Everyyear,whentheseasonofthebadweatherarrives,thelobstersgetintoalonglineandstarttowalkacrosstheflooroftheocean.Nobodyknowswhytheydothis,andnobodyknowswheretheygo.So,sometimesweknowwhyhumansandanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotherplace,butatothertimeswedon’t.Maybelivingthingsjustliketotravel.1.Thereasonformostoftheanimalstomoveis_____________________.2.Findthewordinthepassagewhichmeans“themovementfromoneplacetoanotherofalargegroupofanimals”andwriteitdownhere__________.3.Theunderlinedword“There”inthesecondparagraphrefersto(指的是)____________.4.Thesalmoncomesbacktoitsbirthplaceinorderto____________.5.Thelobstersbegintomovetoanotherplacewhen_____________.3.請(qǐng)分別為下面四則諺語(yǔ)和相應(yīng)的寓意搭配，并把序號(hào)A、B、C、D填在相應(yīng)的位置。1)It’snevertoolatetolearn.________________2)Acranestandingamidstaflockofchickens._________________3)Theearlybirdcatchestheworm._________________4)Playaharpbeforeacow._________________5)Abookholdsahouseofgold._________________A.Thisproverbmeansthatyoudosomethinguseless.B.Thisproverbmeansthatsomeoneisthebestofall.C.Thisproverbmeansthatifyoustudyhard,youwillsucceed.D.Thisproverbmeansthatthere’remanythingstolearnnomatterhowoldyouare.E.Thisproverbmeansthatifyoudosomethingearlyorbeforeothers,youwillhavemorechancesandbesuccessful.4.閱讀短文，把后面所給句子放在短文的適當(dāng)位置，使短文意思完整。GivingdirectionsindifferentplacesIfyouaskpeopleofdifferentcountries“Couldyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?”Youwillgetdifferentanswers.InJapan,peopleuselandmarks(路標(biāo))insteadofstreetnames.Forexample,theJapanesewillsaytotravelers,“Gostraightdowntothecorner.1)_______________.Thepostofficeisacrossfromthebusstop.”InKansas,America，therearenotownsorbuildingswithinmiles.Soinsteadoflandmarks,peoplewilltellyoudirectionsanddistance.Forexample,peoplewillsay,“Gonorthtwomiles.2)_______________.”PeopleinGreecesometimesdonoteventrytogivedirections.Theywilloftensay,“Followme.”3)_______________.Sometimesifapersondoesn’tknowtheanswertoyourque