中考英語沖刺復習：任務型閱讀技巧知識講解、鞏固練習

PAGE中考英語沖刺復習：任務型閱讀技巧【用法講解】考試要求：許多省市中考英語試卷出現(xiàn)了一種綜合閱讀理解題型——任務型閱讀。任務型閱讀是一種主觀性試題，也有人稱為“讀后做”，要求考生閱讀短文后在理解的基礎上，通過一定的判斷、推理、歸納總結，去完成各種任務或者解決某種問題，這種題型介于閱讀和寫作之間，充分考查學生運用英語完成任務的能力。考生需要理解短文并且具備從短文材料中收集有關的各種信息，然后加工整理輸出信息的能力。1.任務型閱讀的題型：任務型閱讀主要考查學生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是對語言綜合應用能力的考查，考查的題型多樣、命題靈活，可以是翻譯句子，也可以是改寫句子、還原句子。還可以是填寫表格或回答問題。命題人對試題的難度也易于掌握，可以是單詞拼寫這樣較簡單的題，也可以是同義詞轉換等中檔題，還可以有歸納主題大意、改寫句子等高檔題。近年來各省中考試題中任務型閱讀主要題型如下：1）閱讀選擇配對根據閱讀材料中所提供的語言信息找出與題意要求相匹配的選項。這種選擇題和四選一的題目不同,選項可能是句子或圖片，形式可能是段落大意的歸納與段落的連線，但是可能不是一對一連線，一般都給出多余選項?！咀⒁狻恳J真閱讀題干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚題目的前半個句子的內容要點，注意句子與短文的聯(lián)系，切不可只看句子的部分內容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配對失誤。要根據短文的內容和作者的意圖去搭配、注意配對后的句子內容完整、與短文的內容保持一致。短文的段落主題和段落配對，要抓住短文段落的要點，要全面理解段落內容之間的關系，不能以偏概全。請看下面例題：Youmayfeelcomfortablewithsomepeople.Youspendanhourwiththemandfeelasifyouhaveknownthemhalfalife.Thesepeoplehavesomethingincommon.Andonceweknowwhatitis,wecantrytodoitourselves.Howisitdone?_____1_____Ifyoufollowtheskills,you’llmakefriendswithpeoplequickly.Firstofall,goodtalkersarequestions._____2____Onewell-knowbusinesswomansays,“Atbusinesslunches,Ialwaysaskpeoplewhattheydidthatmorning.It’sacommonquestion,butitwillgetthingsgoing.”Fromthereyoucanmoveontosomeotherquestions.Andhowheanswerswillletyouknowhowfaryoucango._____3____Thispointseemsclear,butitisn’t.Yourquestionshouldhaveapointandhelptotellwhatsortofpersonyouaretalkingto.Andtofindout,youreallyhavetolistencarefullyandattentively.Reallisteningatleastmeanssomethings._____4____Ifsomeonestickstoonetopic,itmeanshe’sreallyinterestedinit.Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords,buttotones(聲調)ofvoice.Ifthevoicesoundsboring,then,it’stimeforyoutochangethesubject.Finally,goodtalkersknowwellwhentosaygood-bye.Remembertogivehimahandshakeandsay,“I’vereallyenjoyedmeetingyou.”_____5_____Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel,andtheymaywalkawayfeelingasifthey’veknownyouhalftheirlife.根據材料內容，從下面五個選項中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項，使短文意思通順，內容完整，并將其標號填寫在下面題號后的橫線上。A.Almostanyonewillansweraquestion.B.Hereareseveralskillsthatgoodtalkershave.C.Ifyouwanttoseethatpersonagain,don’tkeepitasecret.D.First,itmeansnottochangethesubjectoftheconversation.E.Second,oncegoodtalkershaveaskedquestions,theylistentotheanswers.1._______2._______3.______4.______5.______【答案與解析】1.B。根據下文所提供的可以遵循的幾條技巧可知，此處應表示“好的談話者擁有的技巧”，故選B。2.A。根據第三段中的“Firstofall,goodtalkersaskquestions.”可知，此處表示“幾乎每個人都將回答問題”，故選A。3.E。根據上文“Firstofall”可知，此處列舉了第二規(guī)則，故選E。4.D。根據下文中的“Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords，”可知，此處表示“首先，它意味著……”，故選D。5.C。根據下文“Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel”可知，此處表示“不要保守秘密”，故選C。2)閱讀短文填空：根據短文提供的語言信息，以填寫詞語的方式完成文后各題，其形式主要有完成句子、補全信息、所給短文的縮寫或制定各種規(guī)則等任務形式。所填的詞或詞組往往具有很高的概括性和準確性，因此,考生必須認真閱讀材料,盡可能地從短文中找到所要填寫的詞語或者用其同義詞、近義詞或短語填空、有時甚至反義詞或短語可能用于與短文中對應句子意思相反的語句中?！咀⒁狻块喿x填空一般是原短文的改寫，所以必須注意原短文的內容、情景和一些關鍵詞，對照原短文的句子和一些詞匯、短語，然后用同義詞匯、短語來替換。短文填空要遵循原短文的內容和要點，不能脫離原作者的意思亂填空。有一些空在遵循原短文的前提下，又需要適當發(fā)揮，答案可能不是唯一的。請看下面例題：閱讀下面短文，然后根據短文內容每空填寫一個單詞。KatieSpotzisa22-year-oldgirlformAmerica.ShewantstocrosstheAtlanticOceanbyboat.Ifshesucceeds,she’llbetheyoungestandthefirstAmericantofinishthe2500-miletrip.Spotzbegansailingwhenshewasatuniversity,butshehasnevertriedtosailsuchalongwaybefore.Itwillbeagreatchallengeforher.Inrecentyears,shehasswumallthewaydownthe325-mileAlleghenyRiverandtraveledbybikefromSeattletoWashington.Spotzknowsthatshemayseesomedangerousthingsduringthetrip.Itwillbeverydangerousifshemeetsverybadweatherinthemiddleofthesea.Butshebelievesthatshecandealwithallthedifficulties.“IneverthoughtIcouldrun26miles,”shesaid.“ButonceIfinishedit,IrealizedthatmaybeIcoulddosomethingevenmoredifficult.”Spotzwantstocollectmoneybygoingonthistrip.Shewantstocollectmoneyforanorganizationcalled“BluePlanetrun”.Theorganizationoffersfree,safedrinkingwatertopeoplewhoneedit.It’lltakeheraboutthreemonthstofinishthistrip.Goodlucktothisbravegirlandbestwishestoher!TheageofSpotz(1)______yearsoldThedistanceofthetrip(2)______milesAdangerousthingduringthetripisthe(3)______weatherThepurposeofthetriptocollect(4)____foranorganizationThetripwilltakeAbout(5)______months.【答案與解析】（1）22（2）2500（3）bad（4）money（5）3/three（1）根據短文第一句“KatieSpotzisa22-year-oldgirlformAmerica.”可知。（2）根據短文第三句“she’llbetheyoungestandthefirstAmericantofinishthe2500-miletrip.”可知。（3）根據第三段第二句“Itwillbeverydangerousifshemeetsverybadweatherinthemiddleofthesea”可知。（4）根據第五段的第二句Shewantstocollectmoneyforanorganizationcalled“BluePlanetrun”.可知。（5）根據最后一段第一句“It’lltakeheraboutthreemonthstofinishthistrip.”可知。3)閱讀短文改寫句子這種題型要求在閱讀材料的基礎上,根據命題要求,改寫文中劃線的句子,或將文中的某一個句子譯成英語或者漢語等。這一形式涉及到寫，就應當特別注意書寫規(guī)范、拼寫無誤、語法正確等?！咀⒁狻恳J真分析短文中劃線句子的語法結構，注意句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài)，是簡單句還是復合句，然后根據要求進行句型改寫。要注意一些同義詞短語的替換，為改寫同義句打好基礎。句子的意思、時態(tài)不能改變，改變的是句子的不同表達方式。對于一些翻譯要注意英語和漢語的不同表達，切不可按照漢語的思維方式來翻譯。請看下面例題：WhenIwasachild,myparentsalwaystoldmethatIshouldnevertalktostrangers.ThiswaspartofawholelistofthingsIshouldneverdo:neveracceptfoodorcandyfromstrangers,nevergetinacarwithstrangers,andsoon.Butifwedidn’tstartaconversationwithstrangers,we’dnevermakenewfriends.We’dnevergetajob.①Wemaymissthejoythatcomesfromtalkingwithstrangers.Andthemorepeopleyouknow,themorechancesyoucanfind.Thefollowingpassageoffersyousomeadviceonhowto②breaktheice.Don’tjuststareatyourshoes.Goandsay“Hi”tothatnewguy.Itwillbeeasiertobreaktheiceifyouknowmoreaboutdifferentcultures.British:Beautifulday,isn’tit?TheweatherinBritainischangeable.So,it’soneofthetopicstheBritishcaremostabout.Andthere’sasimplerule:Say“Yes”whetheryouagreewiththeperson’sideaontheweatherornot.③That’sbecausetheBritishstartaconversationusingtheweathersothattheycancontinuetheirtalk.French:Wheredidyougoonholiday?TotalkwithaFrenchperson,thesafestwayistoaskabouthisorherlastholiday.Frenchstudentsenjoya10-to-15-dayholidayeverytwomonths.Frenchemployees(雇員)getmorethansixweeksofholidaysperyear.American:So,whereareyoufrom?TheUSissobigandpeoplemovesooftenthatlocationisalwaysasource(來源)oftalk.Youcantrytofindaconnectionwiththeplacethey’refrom.Forexample,ifsomeone’sfromLosAngeles,youcouldsay,“Oh,Ihaveafriendwhostudiedthere.”(1)將文中①處劃線句子翻譯成漢語。_______________________________________________(2)將文中②處劃線短語翻譯成漢語。_______________________________________________(3)將文中③處劃線句子改寫成同義句。That’sbecausetheBritishstartaconversationusingtheweather____________theirtalk.(4)WhatdoyouusuallytalkabouttostartaconversationwithaFrenchperson?_______________________________________________(5)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?_______________________________________________【答案與解析】我們可能會錯過與陌生人交流的快樂。miss在此處的意思是“錯誤”；that引導定語從句修飾joy；comefrom的意思是“來自于”；talkwithsb.表示“同某人談話”。打破沉默/打破僵局/開始說話。breaktheice是習慣用法，表示“打破沉默，打破僵局”。tocontinue/forcontinuingusesth.todosth.=usesth.fordoingsth.用……來做……I/Wecan/usuallytalkabouthis/her(last)holiday./Aholiday./Holidays.根據“TotalkwithaFrenchperson,thesafestwayistoaskabouthisorherlastholiday.”可知答案。Howtostart/beginaconversationwithastranger/Howtobreaktheice(withstrangers).文中“Thefollowingpassageoffersyousomeadviceonhowtobreaktheice.”是中心句，起到承上啟下的作用，據此可以作答。因為任務型閱讀命題的靈活性，除了上述題型外，各地中考題中還有根據釋義寫出文中出現(xiàn)的單詞，或要求學生閱讀一段文字，并根據文中所提供的信息畫出示意圖，如：路徑、空間位置的設計圖、物體形狀圖等題型，其目的都是考查學生運用語言去做事的能力。但是，無論題型如何變換，只要我們有扎實的英語知識、靈活的解題方法、尤其是認真地解題態(tài)度，都會迎刃而解的。2.任務型閱讀的解題技巧：1)明確任務。由于題目要求形式多樣，在同一篇閱讀材料中會要求完成不同的任務，因此解題前要先明確任務，看清要求，做到心中有數(shù)。2)一一對應，緊扣原文。即在原文中找出問題的題干所包括的信息部分，這樣就可以快速準確地抓住有效信息，確保答題的準確性。如果是根據英文釋義寫單詞的題，則一定要確保所填的單詞來源于原文，切不可脫離原文，隨意發(fā)揮。3)注意讀寫結合。任務型閱讀不僅考查學生閱讀理解層面的能力，更加注重考查學生“寫”的能力。若是寫單詞，則要注意拼寫正確，詞形、詞性有無變化，是否需要大寫；若所要完成的是短語或句子成分，則更需謹慎對待，依據所給題干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么樣的表達方式，不可簡單草率地將文中信息直接挪用。4)認真檢查。完成任務后要重新審視材料，檢查所做的答案是否復合要求，同時語言要精練準確?！纠}精講】I.閱讀下面兩篇短文，根據所給語境，按要求完成下列各題。Youcanbuychewingguminnearlyeverycountryoftheworld.①Butitwasn’talwayslikethat.TheAmericanIndianswerethefirstpeopletochewgum.Thisgumcamefromaspecialtreethatgrewontheirland.In1848,asailorcalledJohnCurtisbegansellingit.Hewasthefirstpersontosellchewinggum.Thegumhesoldcostjustafewcentsfortwopieces.Itbecamepopularveryquicklyeventhoughitwasveryhardtochew.②Nowadays,otherthingsareaddedtothegumtomakeitsoftandsweet.By1890,therewerehundredsofdifferentchewinggums.Themostfamousnameinchewinggum,however,isprobablyWilliamWrigley.Hespentalotofmoneyinadvertisingandevensentfreepiecesofgumtochildrenontheirbirthdays.③Healsosaidthatchewinggumhelpedpeopleworkbetterandthatitstoppedpeoplefromfeelingtired.Althoughtodaymanymillionsofpeoplechewgum,noteveryonethinksitisagoodthingtodo.Manypeoplethinkitisdirty.TheSingaporegovernmentdoesnotallowpeopletobuychewinggum.Onereasonforthisisthatwhensomepeoplehavechewedallthetasteoutoftheirpieceofgum,theytakeitoutoftheirmouthsandputitontothebacksofseatsorotherplaces.1.請將①處翻譯成漢語。____________________________________________________2.請根據②處內容完成下面句子。（每空一詞）Peoplemakechewinggumsoftandsweet_____________somethingtoit.3.把③處改為直接引語。（每空一詞）Healsosaid,“Chewinggum_______peopleworkbetterandit_______peoplefromfeelingtired.”II.閱讀下面短文，在表格內的空白處填入合適的答案(每空一詞)。Mailorderisatermwhichdescribesthebuyingofgoodsorservicesbymaildelivery（郵遞）.Thebuyerplacesanorderforthedesiredproductswiththesalesmanthroughsomeremotemethodsuchasthroughatelephonecallorawebsite.Then,theproductsaredeliveredtothecustomer.Theproductsaretypicallydelivereddirectlytoanaddresssuppliedbythecustomer,suchasahomeaddress,butsometimestheordersaredeliveredtoanearbyretaillocationforthecustomertopickup.Somebusinessmenalsoallowthegoodstobeshippeddirectlytoathirdcustomer,whichisaneffectivewaytosendagifttoanout-of-townfriend.Amailordercatalogue（目錄）isapublicationincludingalistofordinarygoodsfromacompany.Companieswhopublishandoperatemailordercataloguesaretreatedascataloguerswithintheindustry.Goodsareproducedbypeopleallovertheworld,suchasinAustralia,theUSA,Canada,Chinaetc.Andnowmanycataloguers,justaswithmostretailers(零售商),areincreasinglybuyinggoodsfromChina.TitleMailorderWhatMailorderisawayof1bymaildelivery.HowPeoplecanplaceanorderby2atelephonecallorsearchingthewebsite.Peoplecanchoosethegoodstheywantby3upinthecatalogue.WhereNowgoodsmadein4aremoreandmorepopularinforeigncountries.III.任務型閱讀：閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容，完成下列各題。IntheUK,busjourneysareverycommon.Busesareoftenconvenient（便利的）forthepeoplewholiveorworkinthecitycenter.Passengerscanavoidheavytrafficandnothavetopayfortheparking.However,takingthebusisjustanecessarybutboringpartoflife:theygetonthebus,payforitandsitorfindaplacetostandwhenitiscrowded.Everyoneseemssadandbored.InLatinAmerica,however,bustripscanbewonderful.Forastart,filmsareshowedonthebusesbetweencitiesforpassengerstohavefunalongthejourneys.Localbusesdonotshowfilms,butdriversusuallyturnontheradioanditcanbegreatforpassengerstolistentosongsandgetrelaxed.Evenbetterthanfilmsandmusicarethesightsandsoundsonthebuses.Localbusesalwaysgotopartsofthetownthatpassengerswouldnotvisitbythemselves.Therepassengerscanseeshopsthattheyhaveneverheardabout.Andtheycanalsoseeotherculturesofthetownfromthewindowsofthebuses.Besides,passengers’luggage(行李)isalsointeresting.Itiscommontoseeahappydog’sheadgettingoutofsomebody’sbagoralovelychicken“speakingcheerfully”undersomebody’sarm.OnceonabusinPeru,afarmereventiedasheeptothetopofthebus.Itwasquitesurprising.Inall,takingthebusinLatinAmericaisreallyfunandunforgettable.1.Accordingtothepassage,intheUK,howtopassengersprobablyfeelonthebuses?Theyprobablyfeel______________________________.2.InLatinAmerica,howcanpeoplehavefunonthebusesbetweencities?Theycan.3.Inthewriter’sopinion,whatareevenbetterthanfilmsandmusiconthebuses?are.4.Whydoesthewriterthinkpassengers’luggageisinteresting?Becauseit’scommontoseedifferentkindsofonthebuses.5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?ItmainlytellsusaboutinLatinAmerica.【答案與解析】I.閱讀下面兩篇短文，根據所給語境，按要求完成下列各題。1.但是過去并非如此。/但過去和現(xiàn)在的情況不一樣。此處like是介詞，意為“像”。2.byadding。考查同義句的轉換，由第二句句意“現(xiàn)在，其他東西被加進口香糖中使得它軟而且甜”可知，把它變成主動語態(tài)時，此處by在這里作為介詞，介詞后面加doing。3.helps;stops。考查同義句的轉換，間接引語變成直接引語，需要注意時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞后要注意加-s。II.閱讀下面短文，在表格內的空白處填入合適的答案(每空一詞)。1.shopping/buying。第一段第一句話Mailorderisatermwhichdescribesthebuyingofgoodsorservicesbymaildelivery（郵遞），告訴我們：郵購訂單是一個描述通過郵遞的方式購買商品或服務的術語。2.making。第一段第二句中throughatelephonecall可知“通過打電話的方式”，by后接動詞的-ing形式。3.looking。由第二段的第一句話Amailordercatalogue（目錄）isapublicationincludingalistofordinarygoodsfromacompany.“一張郵購訂單目錄是一個包含有一家公司的普通貨物清單的出版物”可知，人們可以通過在目錄里查詢尋來選擇他們想要的貨物。4.China。由文章最后一句話Andnowmanycataloguers,justaswithmostretailers（零售商）,areincreasinglybuyinggoodsfromChina.可知“中國制造的物品在國外越來越流行了”。III.任務型閱讀：閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容，完成下列各題。1.sadandbored。從第一段最后兩句“theygetonthebus,payforitandsitorfindaplacetostandwhenitiscrowded.Everyoneseemssadandbored.”可知，乘客們的感受是悲傷而又無聊。2.watchamovie(movies)/seeafilm(film)。從第二段第二句“Forastart,filmsareshowedonthebusesbetweencitiesforpassengerstohavefunalongthejourneys.”可知，人們可以看電影，所以答案為watchamovie(movies)/seeafilm(film)。3.Thesightsandsound(onthebuses)。從第三段第一句“Evenbetterthanfilmsandmusicarethesightsandsoundsonthebuses.”可知答案。4.animals。由第四段內容可知，公共汽車上的各種動物讓作者感到有趣。故填animals。5.thebustrip(journey)/trips(journeys)。根據文章主要描述了拉丁美洲的公共汽車之旅，故填thebustrip(journey)/trips(journeys)?！眷柟叹毩暋縄.任務性閱讀真題演練。I)閱讀短文，根據短文內容完成文后的句子。CharlesDarwinwasascientistwhochangedourunderstandingofthenaturalworld.HeisknownastheFatherofModernBiology.Darwinspentallhislifestudyingnatureandmakingnotesaboutallthespecies(物種)hefound.Darwinwasbornin1809inEngland.Likemanygeniuseshedidn'tdowellatschoolandgotpoormarks.Hewasagoodathletethoughandlovedexploringnatureandcollectingseashells.Healsokeptdoingchemistryexperimentsandsohisclassmatesgavehimthenickname"Gas".HisfatherwasadoctorandexpectedCharlestobecomeonetoo.CharlesstartedstudyingmedicineatEdinburghUniversity,butsoongaveuphisstudiesthere.HewentontostudyreligionatCambridgeUniversityinstead.Therehestartedcollectinginsectslikebeetlesandpaidtoolittleattentiontohisstudies.In1831,attheageof22,Darwinwentonafive-yearexpeditiontoSouthAmerica,AustraliaandSouthAfricabyship.Hewasoftenseasick,butthethingshesawonthislongjourneychangedhislife.Hecollectedmanyfossilsaswellasanimalandplantspecimens.Hespenttherestofhislifestudyingwhathehadseenandhewrotemanybooks.In1839,Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwood,withwhomhehadtenchildren!Hewasalovingfatherandenjoyedfamilylife,whichwasalwaysmoreimportanttohimthanhisresearch.Inspiteofhavingmanyhealthproblemsthroughouthislife,Darwinliveduntilhis73.Darwin'smostfamousbookOntheOriginofSpeciescameoutin1859andsoldoutinaday.Itsaidthatalllivingthingswererelated,whichmeantthathumanbeingswerejustanotherkindofanimal.Theseideaswerenotpopularatfirst,butnowmostpeopleagreewiththemandadmireDarwinasabrilliantscientist.1.Darwinwasaandhadgreatinterestsinexploringnaturethoughhewas_____work.2.AtEdinburghUniversity,Darwinsoongaveuphisstudybecausehe________.3.Darwincameupwith_______afterthelongjourney,andwhathesawontheway_______.4.Accordingtothearticle,Darwinlovedhisfamilyverymuchandhehad_______.5.Atfirst,Darwin'snewideasabouthumanbeings________.II)閱讀短文，根據短文內容回答問題。ThanksgivingisalwaysonaThursday.ThedayafterithasbeenknownasBlackFriday.Itisthestartoftheholidayshoppingseason,andithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyearintheUSsince2005.MoststoresofferbigsalesonBlackFriday.Theyopentheirdoorsquiteearlyinthemorning.Theytrytoattractshopperswithbigdiscounts(打折).Someitems(商品)likeTVsandclothsaremuchcheaperthanusual.Storesmayevenlosemoneyontheseitems.Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.BlackFridayisagreattimetogoshopping.However,thereareproblem.Thebiggestoneisthattherearenotenoughlow-priceditems.Eachstoremayonlyhaveafew.Theseitemsareingreatneed,sopeoplestandinlonglinestogetthem.Theymaywaitthreetofourhoursbeforeastoreopens.TheymaybehopingtogetalowpriceonaTVorcomputer,butnoteverybodycangetone.Somepeopleleave,disappointed.Thesituationmakespeopleworried.SomeBlackFridayeventshavebeencrazy.Therehavebeenfightsovertoysamongshoppers.Someworkershaveevenbeenhurtbylargecrowds.ButmostBlackFridayeventsaresafeandfun.Still,ifyouplantogo,youwillexpectlargecrowdsandabitofpushing.Sowheredoesthename“BlackFriday”comefrom?ItwasfirstusedinPhiladelphiainthe1950s.ThepolicecalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitcaused.Inthe1960s,storestriedtorenametheday“BigFriday”.Itdidnotstick.Thename“BlackFriday”continuedtospreadacrossthecountry.Itseemsthatitisheretostay.NowpeoplealloverthecountrytakepartinBlackFridayevents.Itisevenspreadingtootherpartsoftheworld.StoreshaveheldBlackFridayeventsintheUK,Australia,andBrazilsince2012.InMexico,storesofferaweekendofdiscountseveryyear.Theycallit“ElBuenFin”,whichmeans“thegoodweekend”inSpanish.Iguesspeopleeverywhereliketobuythingsonsale.1.IsBlackFridaythestartoftheholidayshoppingseason?___________________________________________________________2.WhatisthebiggestproblemwithBlackFriday?___________________________________________________________3.Howlongmaypeoplehavetowaitbeforeastoreopens?____________________________________________________________4.Wherewasthename“BlackFriday”firstusedinthe1950s?____________________________________________________________5.WhydopeoplelikegoingshoppingonBlackFriday?________________________________________________________II.任務性閱讀綜合演練。1．閱讀下面的短文.并根據短文后的要求答題。Since1850,thetemperatureofEarth’ssurfacehasincreasedabout0.6°C.Scientistspredictitmaywarmmuchmorebytheendofthiscentury.Who’sturninguptheheat?Well,itseemsthatweare!Someofthisglobalwarmingmaybenatural.However,nearlyallscientistsnowagreethatmostofitisduetopeoplesactions.Overthepast150years,we'veaddedhugeamountsofcertaingases,especiallycarbondioxide（CO2）totheair.ThesegasescankeepheatnearEarth'ssurface,somorecarbondioxidemeansmoreheatiskeptnearEarth'ssurface.Globalwarmingmaychangetheweatherinwaysthatleadtomoreseverestorms,floodsanddroughts.Weaddcarbondioxidetotheairwhenweburnthings,especiallyfossilfuels.Fossilfuelsareenergysourcesformedfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedmillionsofyearsago.Coal,oil,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.PeopleintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesstartedbuntinglargeamountsoffossilfuelsmorethanacenturyago.Theamountoffossilfuelsbeingburnedeachyearhasbeenincreasingworldwide.Themoreweburn,.Whatcanwedotohelp?Nowadaystolivealow-carbonlifeisquitepopularintheworld.Low-carbonmeanstoreducetheamountofcarbondioxide.Savingenergyandreusingarethekeywords.Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakeourliveslow-carbon.1）Whatproblemcanglobalwarmingcause?（根據短文內容回答問題）2）Whatarefossilfuels?（同上）3）請將第一段中的劃線句子翻譯成漢語。4）請根據第二段內容，將最后一個句子補充完整。Themorewebum，_____________________________________________.5）請寫出日常生活中的一種“低碳”行為（用英語寫一個句子）。2．閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容，在短文后1～5小題中句子空白處填入適當?shù)脑~語或句子。Weknowthatmanyanimalsdonotstayinoneplace.Birds,fishandotheranimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotherplaceatacertaintime.Theymovefordifferentreasons:mostofthemmovetofindfoodmoreeasily,butothersmovetogetawayfromplacesthataretoocrowded.Whencoldweathercomes,manybirdsmovetowarmerplacestofindfood.Somefishesgivebirthinwarmwaterandmovetocoldwatertofeed.Themostfamousmigrationisprobablythemigrationoffish,whichiscalled“salmon”(鮭魚).Thisfishisborninfreshwaterbutittravelsmanymilestosaltwater.Thereitspendsitslife.Whenitisold,itreturnstoitsbirthplaceinfreshwater.Thenitgivesbirthanddies.InnorthernEurope,thereisakindofmouse.Theyleavetheirmountainhomeswhentheybecometoocrowded.Theymovedowntothelowland.Sometimestheymoveallthewaytotheseaside,andmanyofthemarekilledwhentheyfallintothesea.Recently,scientistshavestudiedthemigrationofakindoflobster(龍蝦).Everyyear,whentheseasonofthebadweatherarrives,thelobstersgetintoalonglineandstarttowalkacrosstheflooroftheocean.Nobodyknowswhytheydothis,andnobodyknowswheretheygo.So,sometimesweknowwhyhumansandanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotherplace,butatothertimeswedon’t.Maybelivingthingsjustliketotravel.1.Thereasonformostoftheanimalstomoveis_____________________.2.Findthewordinthepassagewhichmeans“themovementfromoneplacetoanotherofalargegroupofanimals”andwriteitdownhere__________.3.Theunderlinedword“There”inthesecondparagraphrefersto(指的是)____________.4.Thesalmoncomesbacktoitsbirthplaceinorderto____________.5.Thelobstersbegintomovetoanotherplacewhen_____________.3.請分別為下面四則諺語和相應的寓意搭配，并把序號A、B、C、D填在相應的位置。1)It’snevertoolatetolearn.________________2)Acranestandingamidstaflockofchickens._________________3)Theearlybirdcatchestheworm._________________4)Playaharpbeforeacow._________________5)Abookholdsahouseofgold._________________A.Thisproverbmeansthatyoudosomethinguseless.B.Thisproverbmeansthatsomeoneisthebestofall.C.Thisproverbmeansthatifyoustudyhard,youwillsucceed.D.Thisproverbmeansthatthere’remanythingstolearnnomatterhowoldyouare.E.Thisproverbmeansthatifyoudosomethingearlyorbeforeothers,youwillhavemorechancesandbesuccessful.4.閱讀短文，把后面所給句子放在短文的適當位置，使短文意思完整。GivingdirectionsindifferentplacesIfyouaskpeopleofdifferentcountries“Couldyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?”Youwillgetdifferentanswers.InJapan,peopleuselandmarks(路標)insteadofstreetnames.Forexample,theJapanesewillsaytotravelers,“Gostraightdowntothecorner.1)_______________.Thepostofficeisacrossfromthebusstop.”InKansas,America，therearenotownsorbuildingswithinmiles.Soinsteadoflandmarks,peoplewilltellyoudirectionsanddistance.Forexample,peoplewillsay,“Gonorthtwomiles.2)_______________.”PeopleinGreecesometimesdonoteventrytogivedirections.Theywilloftensay,“Followme.”3)_______________.Sometimesifapersondoesn’tknowtheanswertoyourque