THE-BRONTES勃朗特三姐妹簡(jiǎn)介國(guó)概課presentation

THEBRONTES2012052330周超群BriefintroductionTheBronteswereanineteenth-centuryliteraryfamilyassociatedwiththevillageofHaworthintheWestRidingofYorkshire,England.Thesisters,Charlotte(born21April1816,inThorntonnearBradford),Emily(born30July1818inThornton),andAnne

(born17January1820inThornton),arewellknownaspoetsandnovelists.Theyoriginallypublishedtheirpoemsandnovelsundermasculinepseudonyms,followingthecustomofthetimespractisedbyfemalewriters.Theirstoriesimmediatelyattractedattention,althoughnotalwaysthebest,fortheirpassionandoriginality.Charlotte'sJaneEyrewasthefirsttoknowsuccess,whileEmily'sWutheringHeights,Anne'sTheTenantofWildfellHallandotherworkswerelatertobeacceptedasmasterpiecesofliterature.Thethreesistersandtheirbrother,Branwell,wereverycloseandtheydevelopedtheirchildhoodimaginationsthroughthecollaborativewritingofincreasinglycomplexstories.Theconfrontationwiththedeathsfirstoftheirmotherthenoftheirtwooldersistersmarkedthemprofoundlyandinfluencedtheirwriting.Theirfamewasdueasmuchtotheirowntragicdestiniesastotheirprecociousness.Sincetheirearlydeaths,andthenthedeathoftheirfatherin1861,theyweresubjecttoafollowingthatdidnotceasetogrow.Theirhome,theparsonageatHaworthinYorkshire,nowtheBronteParsonageMuseum,hasbecomeaplaceofpilgrimageforhundredsofthousandsofvisitorseachyear.CharlotteBronte〔1816.4.21－1855.3.31〕Charlotte,borninThorntonnearBradford,WestRidingofYorkshireon21April1816,wasapoetandnovelistandistheauthorofJaneEyre,herbestknownwork,andthreeothernovels.Shediedon31March1855justbeforereachingtheageof38.PublicationsJuveniliaNovelsPoetryJuveniliaTheYoungMen'sMagazine,Number1–3(August1830)TheSpellTheSecretLilyHartTheFoundlingTheGreenDwarfMyAngriaandtheAngriansAlbionandMarinaTalesoftheIslandersTalesofAngria(written1838–1839–acollectionofchildhoodandyoungadultwritingsincludingfiveshortnovels)

?MinaLaury

?Stancliffe'sHotel

?TheDukeofZamorna

?HenryHastings

?CarolineVernon

?TheRoeHeadJournalFragmentsNovelsJaneEyre,published1847Shirley,publishedin1849Villette,publishedin1853TheProfessor,writtenbeforeJaneEyre,submittedatfirstalongwithWutheringHeightsandAgnesGrey,thenseparately,andrejectedineitherformbymanypublishinghouses,publishedposthumouslyin1857Emma,unfinished;CharlotteBrontewroteonly20pagesofthemanuscript,publishedposthumouslyin1860.PoetryPoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell(1846)SelectedPoemsofTheBrontes,EverymanPoetry(1997)JaneEyreJaneEyreisafirst-personnarrativeofthetitlecharacter.Thenovelgoesthroughfivedistinctstages:Jane'schildhoodatGateshead,wheresheisemotionallyandphysicallyabusedbyherauntandcousins;hereducationatLowoodSchool,wheresheacquiresfriendsandrolemodelsbutalsosuffersprivationsandoppression;hertimeasthegovernessofThornfieldHall,whereshefallsinlovewithherByronicemployer,EdwardRochester;hertimewiththeRiversfamily,duringwhichherearnestbutcoldclergymancousin,StJohnRivers,proposestoher;andthefinalewithherreunionwith,andmarriageto,herbelovedRochester.Duringthesesectionsthenovelprovidesperspectivesonanumberofimportantsocialissuesandideas,manyofwhicharecriticalofthestatusquo(seetheThemessectionbelow).LiterarycriticJeromeBeatynotesthattheclosefirstpersonperspectiveleavesthereader"toouncriticallyacceptingofherworldview"andoftenleadsreadingandconversationaboutthenoveltowardssupportingJane,regardlessofhowirregularherideasorperspectives.EmilyBronte(1818.7.30—1818.12.19)EmilyJaneBronte

wasanEnglishnovelistandpoet,bestrememberedforheronlynovel,WutheringHeights,nowconsideredaclassicofEnglishliterature.EmilywasthethirdeldestofthefoursurvivingBrontesiblings,betweentheyoungestAnneandherbrotherBranwell.ShewroteunderthepennameEllisBell.PublicationPoemsbyCurrer,EllisandActonBellGondalPoemsWutheringHeightsWutheringHeightsWutheringHeightsisanovelbyEmilyBronte,writtenbetweenOctober1845andJune1846,andpublishedin1847.Itwasherfirstandonlypublishednovel:shediedaged30thefollowingyear.ThedecisiontopublishcameafterthesuccessofhersisterCharlotte'snovel,JaneEyre.AfterEmily'sdeath,CharlotteeditedthemanuscriptofWutheringHeights,andarrangedfortheeditedversiontobepublishedasaposthumoussecondeditionin1850.WutheringHeightsisthenameofthefarmhouseontheYorkshiremoorswherethestoryunfolds.Thebook'scorethemeisthedestructiveeffectthatjealousyandvengefulnesshave,bothonthejealousorvengefulindividualsandontheircommunities.AlthoughWutheringHeightsisnowwidelyregardedasaclassicofEnglishliterature,itreceivedmixedreviewswhenfirstpublished,andwasconsideredcontroversialbecauseitsdepictionofmentalandphysicalcrueltywassounusuallystark.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,CharlotteBronte'sJaneEyrewasconsideredthebestoftheBront?sisters'works,butlatercriticsarguedthatWutheringHeightswassuperior.WutheringHeightshasinspiredadaptations,includingfilm,radioandtelevisiondramatisations,amusicalbyBernardJ.Taylor,aballet,operas(byBernardHerrmann,CarlisleFloyd,andFrédéricChaslin),arole-playinggame,anda1978songbyKateBush.AnneBronte(1820.1.17—1849.5.28)AnneBrontewasaBritishnovelistandpoet,theyoungestmemberoftheBronteliteraryfamily.AnneBrontelivedmostofherlifewithherfamilyattheparishofHaworthontheYorkshiremoors.Foracoupleofyearsshewenttoaboardingschool.Attheageof19sheleftHaworthandworkedasagovernessbetween1839and1845.Afterleavingherteachingposition,shefulfilledherliteraryambitions.Shewroteavolumeofpoetrywithhersisters(PoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell,1846)andtwonovels.AgnesGrey,baseduponherexperiencesasagoverness,waspublishedin1847.Hersecondandlastnovel,TheTenantofWildfellHall,whichisconsideredtobeoneofthefirstsustainedfeministnovels,appearedin1848.Anne'slifewascutshortwhenshediedofpulmonarytuberculosisattheageof29.Mainlybecausethere-publicationofTheTenantofWildfellHallwaspreventedbyCharlotteBronteafterAnne'sdeath,sheislessknownthanhersistersCharlotte,authoroffournovelsincludingJaneEyre,andEmily,authorofWutheringHeights.

Howeverhernovels,likethoseofhersisters,havebecomeclassicsofEnglishliterature.PublicationAgnesGreyTheTenantofWildfellHallAgnesGreyEvenbeforethefateofthebookofpoemsbecameapparent,thesistersbeganworkontheirfirstnovels.CharlottewroteTheProfessor,EmilyWutheringHeights,andAnneAgnesGrey.ByJuly1846,apackagewiththe