2023年6月六級(jí)真題第一套

2023年6月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題（第1套）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence

“Todaythereisagrowingawarenessthatmentalwell-beingneedstobegivenasmuch

attentionasphysicalhealth.Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonal

experiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200

words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,you

willhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.

Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)f

B)fC),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A.Itwasspaciousandtranquil.B.Itwaswarmandcomfortable.

C.Itwasshabbyandsolitary.D.Itwastinyandnoisy.

2.A.Shenolongerhatespeopletalkingloudlyinthedorm.

B.Shemissesherroommatessheusedtocomplainabout.

C.Shebeginstoenjoythemoviessheoncefoundirritating.

D.Shefindsthecrowdeddormascozyashernewapartment.

3.A.Hefoundtheapartmentperfectlyfurnished.

B.Hehadafeelingofdespairandfrustration.

C.Hehadasimilarfeelingtothewoman's.

D.Hefeltthenewplacewaslikeparadise.

4.A.Gotoseethewoman'sapartment.B.Makeaphonecalltohisparents.

C.Buysomefurnitureforthewoman.D.Decoratethewoman'sapartment.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A.Heworksasaliterarycritic.B.Hehostsaneducationalprogram.

C.Hehasinitiatedauniversityreform.D.Hehaspublishedabookrecently.

6.A.Itfailstokeepupwiththeradicalchangesofsociety.

B.Itfailstoensureuniversitiesgetsufficientresources.

C.Ithasnotpreparedyoungpeopleforthejobmarket.

D.Ithasnotfosteredthegrowthoftheartsdisciplines.

7.A.Moreofthebudgetshouldgotoscienceandtechnology.

B.Theunderfundedmusicdisciplineshouldbeprioritized.

C.Subdisciplineslikesculptureshouldgetmorefunding.

D.Literatureshouldgetasmuchfundingasengineering.

8.A.Buildaprosperousnation.B.Makeskilledprofessionals.

C.Createingeniousartists.D.Cultivatebettercitizens.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeor

fourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD).

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A.Itisquitecommon.B.Itisrarelynoticed.

C.Itseldomannoyspeople.D.Itoccurswhenoneisalone.

10.A.Seeingthingsinblackandwhite.

B.Engaginginregularcontemplation.

C.Havingaspecialunderstandingofcreativity.

D.Knowinghowtomaketheirmentalbatterieswork.

11.A.Engaginginintenseactivity.B.Fantasizinginone'sdowntime.

C.Workingonaparticularproject.D.Reflectingduringone'srelaxation.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A.FarmershelpedNativeAmericansgrowcrops.

B.Therewereexpansiveuniversitycampuses.

C.Thereexistedpostoffices.

D.Migrantsfoundgoldthere.

13.A.IthelpedtoboosttheeconomyintheAmericanWest.

B.Itprovidedjobopportunitiesformanygoldseekers.

C.Itextendedtheinfluenceofthefederalgovernment.

D.Itkeptpeopleinthedesertsandplainsconnected.

14.A.ItemployedNativeAmericanstoworkaspostmen.

B.Itcommissionedprivatewagonstocarrythemail.

C.Itsubsidizedthelocalswhoactedaspostmasters.

D.Itcentralizedpostalservicesinitsremoteareas.

15.A.Heanalyzedinteractivemapsofmailroutes.

B.Hereadalargecollectionofbooksonthetopic.

C.Heexamineditshistoricaltrendswithdatascience.

D.Hecollecteddataaboutitsimpactonlocalbusiness.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfour

questions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A.Higherlevelsofanxietymayimprovepeople'smemory.

B.Someexperiencesareeasiertorememberthanothers.

C.Mostpeopletendtorememberthingsselectively.

D.Simplethingsmayleaveadeepimpressiononone'smemory.

17.A.Theyclassifiedtheparticipants9mindset.

B.Theyshowedsomephotostotheparticipants.

C.Theymeasuredtheparticipants9anxietylevels.

D.Theytestedthesizeoftheparticipants9vocabulary.

18.A.Anxietyhasbecomeaseriousproblemforanincreasingnumberofpeople.

B.Extremelevelsofanxietycanadverselyaffectcognitiveperformance.

C.Peoplediagnosedwithanxietydisordermayforgetthingsselectively.

D.Thereisnodirectcorrelationbetweenmemoryandlevelsofanxiety.

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A.Theycompareproductsfromdifferentcompaniesbeforemakingachoice.

B.Theygetinformationfromotherconsumers9postingsandcomments.

C.Theylosepatiencewhentheirphonecallisnopromptlyanswered.

D.Theyexpecttogetinstantaneousresponsestotheirinquiry.

20.A.Givingthemrewardsonthespot.B.Broadeningtheirscopeofinterest.

C.Speakingdirectlytotheiremotions.D.Focusingonthedetailsoftheproduct.

21.A.Changetherulesofthegameinthemarketeveryyear.

B.Keepupwiththelatesttechnologicaldevelopments.

C.Learnfromtechnologicalinnovatorstodobusiness.

D.Makegreatereffortstobuildupconsumers9confidence.

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

22.A.Peoplehaveonlyonesocialengagementperweek.

B.Workingtogetherenhancesfriendship.

C.Fewpeoplehavedevotedfriends.

D.Friendshipsbenefitwork.

23.A.Theimpactoffriendsonpeople'sself-esteem.

B.Howsupportivefriendscanbeintheworkplace.

C.Howtoboostone'ssenseofvalueandworthiness.

D.Theroleoffamilytiesinpeople'smentalwell-being.

24.A.Theyshowlittleinterestintheirfriends9work.

B.Theytendtobemuchmoredifficulttomake.

C.Theyaremoretrustworthyandreliable.

D.Theyincreasepeople'sjobsatisfaction.

25.A.Allowemployeestohaveaflexibleworkschedule.

B.Encourageemployeestobefriendswithcolleagues.

C.Helpemployeesbalanceworkandfamilyresponsibilities.

D.Organizeactivitiestonourishfriendshipsoutsideofwork.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfor

eachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthe

passagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentified

byaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Scientistsrecentlyexaminedstudiesondogintelligenceandcomparedthemwithresearchintothe

mindsofotherintelligentanimals.Theresearchersfoundthatdogsareamongthemoreintelligent

carnivores（食肉動(dòng)物），socialhuntersanddomesticanimals,butthattheirintelligencedoesnot26

otherintelligentanimalsinanyofthosecategories.Thoughasignificantbodyofresearchhasexamined

dogcognition27,theauthorsofthisnewstudyfoundlittletowarrantthe28ofworkthathas

beendevotedtothetopic.

StephenLea,leadauthorofthenewstudy,arguesthatmanyresearchersseemtohavedesignedtheir

studiesto29howcleverdogsare,ratherthansimplytostudydogs'brains.Leaandacolleague

examinedmorethan300studiesofdogcognition,comparingthestudies9resultswiththosefromresearch

intootheranimals.Theresearchersmadespecificcomparisonsbetweenthedifferentspeciesindifferent

categoriesofintelligence.Thesecomparisons30thatdogsareintelligent,buttheirintelligenceis

notas31assomeresearchersmighthavebelieved.

Inmanyareas,though,comparisonswerenotpossible.Forexample,theresearchersnotedthatboth

dogsandcatsareknowntobeabletorecognizeand32humanvoices.Buttheinvestigatorscould

notfindanydatatoindicatewhichspeciescanrememberagreaternumberof33humanvoices,so

itwasimpossibletocomparethetwoonthatfront.However,notallresearchersagree34withthe

findingsofthisstudy.ZacharySilver,anAmericanresearcher,believestheauthorsofthenewstudy

35theideathatanexcessiveamountofresearchhasbeendevotedtodogs,asthefieldofdog

cognitionisyoung,andthereismuchtobelearnedabouthowdogsthink.

A.affirmedI.overstated

B.approximatelyJ.pledge

C.completelyK.previously

D.differentiateL.prospective

E.distinctM.prove

F.domainN.surpass

G.formidable0.volume

H.outperformed

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfrom

whichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Each

paragraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2.

Thelifesavingpowerofgratitude

A）Gratitudemaybemorebeneficialthanwecommonlysuppose.Onerecentstudyaskedparticipantsto

writeanoteofthankstosomeoneandthenestimatehowsurprisedandhappytherecipientwould

feel一animpactthattheyconsistentlyunderestimated.Anotherstudyassessedthehealthbenefitsof

writingthank-younotes.Theresearchersfoundthatwritingasfewasthreeweeklythank-younotes

overthecourseofthreeweeksimprovedlifesatisfaction,increasedhappyfeelingsandreduced

symptomsofdepression.

B)Whilethisresearchintogratitudeisrelativelynew,theprinciplesinvolvedareanythingbut.Students

ofmineinapoliticalphilosophycourseatIndianaUniversityarereadingDanielDefbe's

300-year-oldRobinsonCrusoe,oftenregardedasthefirstnovelpublishedinEnglish.Leftaloneon

anunknownislandwithnoapparentprospectofrescueorescape,Crusoehasmuchtolament(悲嘆).

Butinsteadofgivingintodespair,hemakesalistofthingsforwhichheisgrateful,includingthe

factthatheisthesolesurvivorfromtheshipwreck(海難)andhasbeenabletosalvagemanyuseful

itemsfromthewreckage.

C)Defoe9smasterpiece,whichisoftenrankedasoneoftheworld'sgreatestnovels,providesaportrait

ofgratitudeinactionthatisastimelyandrelevanttodayasithaseverbeen.Itisalsoonewithwhich

contemporarypsychologyandmedicinearejustbeginningtocatchup.Simplyput,formostofus,it

isfarmorehelpfultofocusonthethingsinlifeforwhichwecanexpressgratitudethanthosethat

inclineustowardresentmentandlamentation.

D)Whenwefocusonthethingsweregret,suchasfailedrelationships,familydisputes,andsetbacksin

careerandfinance,wetendtobecomemoreregretful.Conversely,whenwefocusonthethingswe

aregratefulfor,agreatersenseofhappinesstendstospreadthroughourlives.Andwhilenoone

wouldargueforcultivatingafalsesenseofblessedness,thereismountingevidencethatcountingour

blessingsisoneofthebesthabitswecandeveloptopromotementalandphysicalhealth.

E)Gratitudehaslongenjoyedaprivilegedpositioninmanyoftheworld'sculturaltraditions.For

example,someancientWesternphilosopherscounselgratitudethatisbothenduringandcomplete,

andsomeEasternthinkersportrayitasnotmerelyanattitudebutavirtuetobeputintopractice.

F)Recentscientificstudiessupporttheseancientteachings.Individualswhoregularlyengagein

gratitudeexercises,suchascountingtheirblessingsorexpressinggratitudetoothers,exhibit

increasedsatisfactionwithrelationshipsandfewersymptomsofphysicalillness.Andthebenefitsare

notonlypsychologicalandphysical.Theymayalsobemoral一thosewhopracticegratitudealso

viewtheirliveslessmaterialisticallyandsufferfromlessenvy.

G)Therearemultipleexplanationsforsuchbenefitsofgratefulness.Oneisthefactthatexpressing

gratitudeencouragesotherstocontinuebeinggenerous,thuspromotingavirtuouscycleofgoodness

inrelationships.Similarly,gratefulpeoplemaybemorelikelytoreciprocate(回寸艮)withactsof

kindnessoftheirown.Broadlyspeaking,acommunityinwhichpeoplefeelgratefultooneanotheris

likelytobeamorepleasantplacetolivethanonecharacterizedbymutualsuspicionandresentment.

Thebeneficialeffectsofgratitudemayextendevenfurther.Forexample,whenmanypeoplefeel

goodaboutwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneforthem,theyexperienceasenseofbeingliftedup,witha

correspondingenhancementoftheirregardforhumanity.Someareinspiredtoattempttobecome

betterpeoplethemselves,doingmoretohelpbringoutthebestinothersandbringingmoregoodness

intotheworldaroundthem.

H)Gratitudealsotendstostrengthenasenseofconnectionwithothers.Whenpeoplewanttodogood

thingsthatinspiregratitude,thelevelofdedicationinrelationshipstendstogrowandrelationships

seemtolastlonger.Andwhenpeoplefeelmoreconnected,theyaremorelikelytochoosetospend

theirtimewithoneanotheranddemonstratetheirfeelingsofaffectionindailyacts.

I)Ofcourse,actsofkindnesscanalsofosterdiscomfort.Forexample,ifpeoplefeeltheyarenot

worthyofkindnessorsuspectthatsomeulterior(另汁有用，n的)motiveliesbehindit,thebenefitsof

gratitudewillnotberealized.Likewise,receivingakindnesscangiverisetoasenseofindebtedness,

leavingbeneficiariesfeelingthattheymustnowpaybackwhatevergoodtheyhavereceived.

Gratitudecanflourishonlyifpeoplearesecureenoughinthemselvesandsufficientlytrustingto

allowittodoso.Anotherobstacletogratitudeisoftencalledasenseofentitlement.Insteadof

experiencingabenefaction(善行)asagoodturn,peoplesometimesregarditasamerepaymentof

whattheyareowed,forwhichnoonedeservesanymoralcredit.

J)Thereareanumberofpracticalstepsanyonecantaketopromoteasenseofgratitude.Oneissimply

spendingtimeonaregularbasisthinkingaboutsomeonewhohasmadeadifference,orperhaps

writingathank-younoteorexpressingsuchgratitudeinperson.Othersarefoundinancientreligious

disciplines,suchasreflectingonbenefactionsreceivedfromanotherpersonoractuallyprayingfor

thehealthandhappinessofabenefactor.Inadditiontobenefactionsreceived,itisalsopossibleto

focusonopportunitiestodogoodoneself,whetherthoseactedoninthepastorhopedforinthe

future.Somepeoplearemostgratefulnotforwhatothershavedoneforthembutforchancesthey

enjoyedtohelpothers.Inregularlyreflectingonthethingsinhislifeheisgratefulfor,Defbe's

Crusoebelievesthathebecomesafarbetterpersonthanhewouldhavebeenhadheremainedinthe

societyfromwhichheoriginallysetoutonhisvoyage.

K)Reflectingongenerosityandgratitude,thegreatbasketballcoachJohnWoodenonceofferedtwo

counselstohisplayersandstudents.First,hesaid,“Itisimpossibletohaveaperfectdayunlessyou

havedonesomethingforsomeonewhowillneverbeabletorepayyou."Insayingthis,Wooden

soughttopromotepurelygenerousacts,asopposedtothoseperformedwithanexpectationofreward.

Second,hesaid,“Givethanksforyourblessingseveryday.”

L)Somefaithtraditionsincorporatesuchpracticesintotherhythmofdailylife.Forexample,adherents

ofsomereligionsofferprayersofthanksgivingeverymorningbeforerisingandeverynightbefore

lyingdowntosleep.Othersofferthanksthroughouttheday,suchasbeforemeals.Otherlessfrequent

specialevents,suchasbirths,deathsandmarriages,mayalsobeheraldedbysuchprayers.

M)WhenDefoedepictedRobinsonCrusoemakingthanksgivingadailypartofhisislandlife,hewas

anticipatingfindingsinsocialscienceandmedicinethatwouldnotappearforhundredsofyears.Yet

hewasalsoreflectingthewisdomofreligiousandphilosophicaltraditionsthatextendback

thousandsofyears.Gratitudeisoneofthehealthiestandmostnourishingofallstatesofmind,and

thosewhoadoptitasahabitareenrichingnotonlytheirownlivesbutalsothelivesofthosearound

them.

36.Itdoesusfarmoregoodtofocusonthingswecanbegratefulforthanwhatmakesussadand

resentful.

37.Thebeneficialimpactsofgratitudecanextendfromindividualstotheircommunityandtothewider

society.

38.Theparticipantsinarecentstudyrepeatedlyunderestimatedthepositiveeffectonthosewhoreceived

thank-younotes.

39.Gooddeedscansometimesmakepeoplefeeluncomfortable.

40.Peoplewhoregularlyexpressgratitudecanbenefitinmoralterms.

41.Abasketballcoachadvocatedperforminggenerousactswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.

42.Moreandmoreevidenceshowsitmakesusmentallyandphysicallyhealthiertoroutinelycountour

blessings.

43.Ofallstatesofmind,feelinggratefulisconsideredoneofthemosthealthyandbeneficial.

44.Theprinciplesunderlyingtheresearchintogratitudearenothingnewatall.

45.Gratitudeislikelytoenhanceone'ssenseofbeingconnectedwithotherpeople.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Technologyisneveraneutraltoolforachievinghumanends.Technologicalinnovationsreshape

peopleastheyusetheseinnovationstocontroltheirenvironment.Artificialintelligence,forexample,is

alteringhumanity.

WhilethetermAIconjuresupanxietiesaboutkillerrobotsorcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment,

thereareother,deeperimplications.AsAIincreasinglyshapesthehumanexperience,howdoesthis

changewhatitmeanstobehuman?Centraltotheproblemisaperson'scapacitytomakechoices,

particularlyjudgmentsthathavemoralimplications.

Aristotlearguedthatthecapacityformakingpracticaljudgmentsdependsonregularlymaking

them-onhabitandpractice.Weseetheemergenceofmachinesassubstitutejudgesinavarietyof

everydaycontextsasapotentialthreattopeoplelearninghowtoeffectivelyexercisejudgment

themselves.

Intheworkplace,managersroutinelymakedecisionsaboutwhotohireorfireandwhichloanto

approve,tonameafew.Theseareareaswherealgorithmic(算法的)prescriptionisreplacinghuman

judgment,andsopeoplewhomighthavehadthechancetodeveloppracticaljudgmentintheseareasno

longerwill.

Recommendationengines,whichareincreasinglyprevalentintermediariesinpeople'sconsumption

ofculture,mayservetoconstrainchoiceandminimizeluck.Bypresentingconsumerswith

algorithmicallyselectedchoicesofwhattowatch,read,streamandvisitnext,companiesarereplacing

humantastewithmachinetaste.Inonesense,thisishelpful.Afterall,machinescansurveyawiderrange

ofchoicesthananyindividualislikelytohavethetimeorenergytodoontheirown.

Atthesametime,though,thisselectionisoptimizingforwhatpeoplearelikelytopreferbasedon

whatthey'vepreferredinthepast.Wethinkthereissomeriskthatpeople'soptionswillbeconstrainedby

theirpastinanewandunanticipatedway.

Asmachinelearningalgorithmsimproveandastheytrainonmoreextensivedatasets,largerpartsof

everydaylifearelikelytobecomeutterlypredictable.Thepredictionsaregoingtogetbetterandbetter,

andtheywillultimatelymakecommonexperiencesmoreefficientandpleasant.

Algorithmscouldsoon一iftheydon'talready-haveabetterideaaboutwhichshowyou'dliketo

watchnextandwhichjobcandidateyoushouldhirethanyoudo.Oneday,humansmayevenfindaway

formachinestomakethesedecisionswithoutsomeofthebiasesthathumanstypicallydisplay.

Buttotheextentthatunpredictabilityispartofhowpeopleunderstandthemselvesandpartofwhat

peoplelikeaboutthemselves,humanityisintheprocessoflosingsomethingsignificant.Astheybecome

moreandmorepredictable,thecreaturesinhabitingtheincreasinglyAi-mediatedworldwillbecomeless

andlesslikeus.

46.WhatdowelearnaboutthedeeperimplicationsofAI?

A.Itiscausingcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment.

B.Itisdoingphysicalharmtohumanoperators.

C.Itisalteringmoraljudgments.

D.Itisreshapinghumanity.

47.Whatistheconsequenceofalgorithmicprescriptionreplacinghumanjudgment?

A.Peoplelosethechancetocultivatetheabilitytomakepracticaljudgments.

B.Peoplearepreventedfromparticipatinginmakingmajordecisionsintheworkplace.

C.Managersnolongerhavethechancetodecidewhichloantoapprove.

D.Managersdonotneedtotakethetroubletodeterminewhotohireorfire.

48.Whatmayresultfromincreasingapplicationofrecommendationenginesinourconsumptionof

culture?

A.Consumerswillhavemuchlimitedchoice.

C.Itwillbeeasiertodecideonwhattoenjoy.

B.Consumerswillactuallyenjoybetterluck.

D.Humanswilldeveloptastessimilartomachines9.

49.Whatislikelytohappentolargerpartsofourdailylifeasmachinelearningalgorithmsimprove?

A.Theywillturnouttobemorepleasant.B.Theywillrepeatourpastexperience.

C.Theycanbecompletelyanticipated.D.Theymaybecomebetterandbetter.

50.WhydoestheauthorsaythecreatureslivinginthemoreandmoreAi-mediatedworldwillbecome

increasinglyunlikeus?

A.Theywillhavelostthemostsignificanthumanelementofbeingintelligent.

B.Theywillnolongerpossessthehumancharacteristicofbeingunpredictable.

C.Theywillnotbeabletounderstandthemselvesaswecandotoday.

D.Theywillbedeprivedofwhattheirpredecessorswereproudofaboutthemselves.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Phonics,whichinvolvessoundingoutwordssyllable(音節(jié))bysyllable,isthebestwaytoteach

childrentoread.Butinmanyclassrooms,thiscanbeadirtyword.Somuchsothatsometeachershave

hadtosneakphonicsteachingmaterialsintotheclassroom.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttoreadin

awaythatstudyafterstudyhasfoundtobewrong.

Theconsequencesofthisarestriking.LessthanhalfofallAmericanadultswereproficientreadersin

2017.Americanfourthgradersrank15thontheProgressinInternationalLiteracyStudy,aninternational

exam.

Americaisstuckinadebateaboutteachingchildrentoreadthathasbeengoingonfordecades.

Someadvocateteachingsymbol-soundrelationships(thesoundkcanbespelledasc,k,ck,orch),known

asphonics.Otherssupportanimmersiveapproach(usingpicturesofacattolearnthewordcat),known

as“wholelanguage".Mostteacherstoday,almostthreeoutoffouraccordingtoasurveybytheEdWeek

ResearchCentrein2019,useamixcalled"balancedliteracy^^.Thiscombinationofmethodsisineffective.

“Youcan'tsprinkleinalittlephonics,“saysTenetteSmith,executivedirectorofelementaryeducation

andreadingatMississippi'seducationdepartment.taIthastobesystematicandexplicitlytaught."

Mississippi,oftenbehindinsocialpolicy,hassetanexamplehere.Inastateoncenotoriousforits

lowreadingscores,theMississippistatelegislaturepassednewliteracystandardsin2013.Sincethen

Mississippihasseenremarkablegains.Itsfourthgradershavemovedfrom49th(outof50states)to29th

ontheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress,anationwideexam.In2019itwastheonlystateto

improveitsscores.Forthefirsttimesincemeasurementbegan,Mississippi'spupilsarenowaverage

readers,aremarkableachievementinsuchapoorstate.

Mississippi'ssuccessisattributedtoimplementingreadingmethodssupportedbyabodyofresearch

knownasthescienceofreading.In1997CongressrequestedtheNationalInstituteofChildHealthand

HumanDevelopmentandtheDepartmentofEducationtoconveneaNationalReadingPaneltoendthe

"readingwars“andsynthesizetheevidence.Thepanelfoundthatphonics,alongwithexplicitinstruction

inphonemic（音位的）awareness,fluencyandcomprehension,workedbest.

Yetovertwodecadeson,"balancedliteracy^^isstillbeingtaughtinclassrooms.Butadvancesin

statisticsandbrainimaginghavedisprovedthewhole-languagemethod.Totheteacherwhoisaproficient

read