教師版英語二強化寫作講義

Ⅰ.IntroductionType圖表作文應(yīng)用文圖表作文應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文：，應(yīng)用文:書信，備忘錄，報告，通知，便箋Ⅱ.WordsandTime〔一〕字數(shù)問題答題紙小作文100字，計10分，大作文150-200左右，計15分〔二〕時間分配小作文15分鐘，大作文35分鐘，共50分鐘。第一步，閱讀第二步，寫作，小作文和大作文第三步，翻譯第四步，完形填空。順序原因：一切圍繞考分重點，即閱讀和寫作來投精力。完形填空作為時間Ⅲ.Requirements1.Letter考生根據(jù)所給情節(jié)寫出一篇約100詞〔標點符號不計算在內(nèi)〕的應(yīng)用性短文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、報告等。共10分。WritingPartA(2010)Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto1)expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;2)welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsign'yourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"ZhangWei"instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)2.Essay考生根據(jù)提示信息寫出一篇150單詞左右〔標點符號不計算在內(nèi)〕的短文。提示信息的形式有主題句、寫作提綱、規(guī)定情景、圖、表等。共15分。PartBDirections:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)3.StandardofGrading.1〕格式標準：如作文標題，書信的開關(guān)及落款2〕書寫整潔：閱卷規(guī)定，書寫不清可以降低1檔〔3分左右〕3〕虎頭豹尾：作文的開頭、結(jié)尾都要用事先準備好的范句，不可出錯。前三句即決定成績。4〕防止明錯：作文要用保險的方法，不要出明顯過失，如時態(tài)，單復(fù)數(shù)，虛擬語氣等。備注：1〕老師閱卷是將試卷掃描成電子版，在電子版上閱卷，所以不能寫出界，否那么掃描不上2〕小作文和大作文可以有重復(fù)的句子出現(xiàn)。因小作文和大作文是不同老師流水線改卷Ⅴ.HowtoWriteanessay1、Readthechart.(2010)Directions:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)20082009年國內(nèi)轎車市場局部2012某公司員工工作滿意度調(diào)查滿意度年齡組滿意不清楚不滿意≦40歲16.7％50.0％33.3％40—50歲0.0％36.0％64.0％﹥50歲40.0％50.0％10.0％某高校學生兼職情況歷年試題總結(jié)圖表類型〔1〕柱狀圖bar〔2〕表格圖table〔3〕餅狀圖pie曲線圖curveChart,diagram2.Structureofanessay(1)首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義(2)第二段〔6-10句話〕：(3)末段〔3-5句話〕：首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義Wordsandexpressions:增加/上升/提高——動詞：increase,grow,rise,climb,expand,jump,leap,ascend,accumulate,surge,soar名詞：increase,rise,growth,expansion,pickup,gain,accumulation,ascendance,leap,jump,climb詞組：goup,registerasmallgain,gainamomentum,continueitsupwardtrend,ontherise減少/下降——動詞：decrease,decline,fall,drop,descend,slide,shrink,collapse名詞：decrease,decline,diminishment,slowdown,,slump,dip,drop,fall詞組：godown,falloff,takeadip,continueitsdownwardtrend,onthedecline顯著地/明顯地/劇烈地——dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,enormously,steeply,massively,incredibly,hugely,largely,substantially,amazingly緩慢地/逐漸地——gradually,steadily,slightly,moderately,slowly,inamoderateway,bytheleastamount,marginally保持平穩(wěn)/不變——remainstable/steady/unchanged起伏/波動——riseandfall,fluctuateslightly/dramatically,fluctuatebetweenAandB,smallrisesandfalls,smallfluctuations,wave,rebound,recover最高點/最大值——peak,reachapeak,hitthetop,reachahighpoint,makeahistoricrecord.最低點/最小值——reachthebottom,reachalowpoint.2.Structureofanessay首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義e.g.1Thechartshowsgreatchangesinthenumberofmobilephonesubscriptionsfrom2000to2008.e.g.2Emergingfromthechartisdramaticchangesinthenumberofmobilephonesubscriptionsfrom2000to2008.e.g.3Accordingtothechartgivenabove,therehasbeenanamazingchangeintermsofmobilephonesubscriptionsfrom2000to2008.首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義Thenumberofcellphoneusersbothindevelopinganddevelopedcountriesclimbedupduringthatperiodwhile2003shouldbemarkedaswatershedforthefigureaboutusersindevelopedcountries,wassurpassedbythatofitscounterpartsthen.Theimplicationistodemonstratethatpeopleindevelopingcountrieshasadaptedthemselvestoanewwayoflifeinavarietyofaspectssuchasthechoiceofusingcellphonetomakecontactmoreconvenient.某高校學生兼職情況Practiceforfirstparagraph:〔2013〕首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義原句：Accordingtothechartgivenabove,therehasbeenanamazingchangeintermsofmobilephonesubscriptionsfrom2000to2008.仿寫：Accordingtothebarchartgivenabove,therehasbeenanamazingchangeintermsofpart-timejobamongseniorsoncampus.Emergingfromthechartisdramaticchangesinthenumberofstudentswhotakepart-timejobs.Thechartshowsgreatchangesinthenumberofstudentswhotakepart-timejobs.首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義原句：Thenumberofcellphoneusersbothindevelopinganddevelopedcountriesclimbedupduringthatperiodwhile2003shouldbemarkedaswatershedforthefigureofdevelopedcountrieswassurpassedbythatofitscounterpartsthen.仿寫：Theproportionofcollegestudentswhohavepart-timejobincreasegraduallysincetheirfirstyearincollegewhileitoccurstobeasteepclimbsincetheirforthyear.首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義原句：Theimplicationistodemonstratethatpeopleindevelopedcountrieshasadaptedthemselvestoanewoflifeinavarietyofaspectssuchasthechoiceofusingcellphonetomakecontactmoreconvenient.仿寫：Theimplicationistodemonstratethatalargenumberofseniorstudentsareawareofthesignificanceofpar-timejob.升級：Itseemsthatagreatamountofseniorstudentsgrowupovernightandcometounderstandwhatexperienceofpart-timeworkmeanstotheirfuture.2012某公司員工工作滿意度調(diào)查滿意度年齡組滿意不清楚不滿意≦40歲16.7％50.0％33.3％40—50歲0.0％36.0％64.0％﹥50歲40.0％50.0％10.0％Practiceforfirstparagraph:〔2012〕首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義原句：Emergingfromthechartisdramaticchangesinthenumberofmobilephonesubscriptionsfrom2000to2008.升級：Emergingfromthetableistherateofsatisfactiontowardstheirpresentjobsamongavarietyofagespans.Accordingtothetablegivenabove,therehasbeenanamazingchangeintermsofthelevelofjobsatisfactionamongavarietyofagespans.首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義Employeesbetween40and50showthelowestsatisfactionwhiletheircounterpartsover50arethemostsatisfactorygroup.Besides,theattitudeofthoseaged40oryoungerissandwichedbythetwogroupsmentionedabove.Practiceforfirstparagraph:〔2013〕首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義原句：Itseemsthatagreatamountofseniorstudentsgrowupovernightandcometounderstandwhatexperienceofpart-timeworkmeanstotheirfuture.仿寫：Itseemsthatemployeesbetween40and50sufferpressurefromworkplacethemostandthoseover50theleast.2.Structureofanessay(1)首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義(2)第二段〔6-10句話〕：過渡句+分析原因/舉例論證/數(shù)據(jù)支持(3)末段〔3-5句話〕：(2)第二段〔6-10句話〕：過渡句+分析原因/舉例論證/數(shù)據(jù)支持e.g.1Toomanyfactorscontributetothephenomenon,amongwhichthefollowingthreeareconsideredtobefundamentalones.e.g.2Amongallthecausesofthesituation,Iconsiderthefollowingthreeasthemostessentialones.(2)第二段〔6-10句話〕：過渡句+分析原因/舉例論證/數(shù)據(jù)支持思維拓展：為什么開展中國家用戶多了？主要：經(jīng)濟開展迅速，收入增加制造本錢的降低開展中國家人口多，市場大為溝通提供了便利次要：為生活帶來了樂趣公司頻繁使用促銷戰(zhàn)略，提供誘人套餐效勞(2)第二段〔6-10句話〕：過渡句+分析原因/舉例論證/數(shù)據(jù)支持舉例論證：用來補充說明自己的觀點Tobeginwith/Inthefirstplace/Tostartwith,communicationbecomesmorefrequentthaneverbefore,andcellularphonemakesinstantcontactpossibleandprovidesplatformforshorttextmessagewhichwouldsavebothmoneyandtime.Forexample,afreshmanmayoftenfindhimselfmissingmanyextracurricularactivitiesforhehasnotpurchaseacellphone,becauseleadersofsocietieswouldselecttextmessageastheirpreferenceforinformingtheirmembership.What’smore/Inthesecondplace,additionally,peopleareearningmoresothattheycouldaffordacellphone.Whenlivingisnolongerapriorityinone’sdailylife,heorshewouldthinkofsomethingthatcouldimprovetheirqualityoflife.Forexample,afashionchasermaypossessanAppleoreventwoApplesofdifferenttypesforatleasttworeasons:first,helikesit;second,heiswell-paid.Finally/Inthethirdplace,sincemostdevelopingcountrieshaveahugeamountofpopulations,theybecomethelargestmarketformanyproducts,includingcellphone,astheygrowricher.Besides,cellphonewouldbringmuchfuntolife.Youcouldusethatgadgetifyouwanttosurfonlinewhencomputerisnotavailable.YouwouldknowwhathappensontheotherhemispherewithoutsittinginfrontofTV.(2)第二段〔6-12句話〕：分析原因+舉例論證+數(shù)據(jù)支持數(shù)據(jù)支持：證明論點的正確性First,communicationbecomesmorefrequentthaneverbefore,andcellularphonemakesinstantcontactpossibleandprovidesplatformforshorttextmessagewhichwouldsavebothmoneyandtime.Figureswouldnevertellalie.Recently,statisticsconcernedsuggestthatover87%peoplewouldtakecellphoneastheirwaytocontact.Second,peopleareearningmoresothattheycouldaffordacellphone.Whenlivingisnolongerapriorityinone’sdailylife,heorshewouldthinkofsomethingthatcouldimprovetheirqualityoflife.Figureswouldnevertellalie.Recently,statisticsconcernedsuggestthatover87%peoplewhoseincomeexceeds2500Yuanpermonthwouldtakebuyingacellphoneintoconsideration.Practiceforthesecondparagraph某高校學生兼職情況(2)第二段：分析原因思維拓展：為什么擁有兼職工作的學生中，大四學生最多？主要：大四學生完成了大局部學業(yè)，課少，自主時間多大四學生面臨畢業(yè)，需要更多的兼職工作經(jīng)驗應(yīng)對未來的工作就業(yè)形勢嚴峻，實習經(jīng)驗成了很多招聘單位的必要條件次要：大四學生變得更成熟，比擬清楚當前什么最重要學校要求學生獲得一定的兼職經(jīng)驗才能參與評優(yōu)等生或獎學金。(2)第二段〔6-12句話〕：分析原因+舉例論證+數(shù)據(jù)支持仿寫：Toomanyfactorscontributetothephenomenon,amongwhichthefollowingthreeareconsideredtobefundamentalones.Aboveall,astheresultofglobalization,it’sbelievedthat套句結(jié)構(gòu)〔It’suniversallyacknowledgedthat.../It’sessentialthat...../〕studentsnowtakeamorepositiveattitudetowardspart-timejobs,andregarditasahealthyandactivelifestyle.Accordingtoasurveyperformedbysocialists,almost65percentofundergraduatesregardpart-timejobsastheirtoppriority,comparedto46percentonlyafewyearsago.What’smore,thediversityofmodernemploymentwaysmaybringaboutthedrasticchangesinold-fashionedconcepts.Lastbutnottheleast,withtherapidpaceofmodernsociety,thereisanincreasingdemandforvariouskindsofprofessionalskillswhichcanbelearnedfrompart-timejobs.套句結(jié)構(gòu)：定語從句，狀語從句，主語從句〔it〕引導，獨立主格，倒裝句型(2)第三段〔3-5句話〕：引申/總結(jié)/建議/期望引申：對分析結(jié)果進行拓展。Fromanalysisabove,wecouldsee,althoughsomearguethatalargescaleofpopulationcouldmeanburdenforthecountry’sdevelopment,hugepopulation,ifproperlyhandled,canbeadrivingforcewhichwouldbringopportunityandfortuneinfuture.Ourtaskatpresentistodiscoverhowtohandleitinaproperway.總結(jié)：對分析結(jié)果進行總結(jié)。Tosumup,thecauseofthephenomenonisfairlycomplicated.Also,wecouldsafelycometotheconclusionthatadvanceineconomywouldlaysolidfoundationforthebetter-offofeveryindividual.Ultimately,everyonewouldbenefitfromtheprosperityofanation.(2)第三段〔3-5句話〕：引申/總結(jié)/建議建議：提出改良意見Fromdiscussionabove,wewouldfullyunderstandwhatareourcollege’spriorities:encouragemoresophomoreandjuniorstudentstotakepart-timejobbeforetheyfindittoolate;buildabridgebetweennewgraduatesandcompaniestoavoidjobrush;provideguidanceforjobhuntingtothemandmorechancestolandajob.總結(jié)：(1)首段〔3-4句話〕：介紹主題+描述圖標+揭示含義(2)第二段〔6-10句話〕：過渡句+分析原因/舉例論證/數(shù)據(jù)支持(3)第三段〔3-5句話〕：引申/總結(jié)/建議功能段：第一段：圖表描述：Itisapparentfromthetablethat.............................Fromthestatisticsgiveninthechart,wecanestimatethat....................Thebarchartrevealsthat+主題+對象+時間.....................數(shù)據(jù)描述Asisclearly/logicallydemonstratedbythechart/graph,thenumberofAincreasedby30percent,thepercentageofBdecreasedto70%.ThesefiguresareindicatingthesubtlebutgreatinfluenceofAoverB,whichisverythought-provokinganddeservesourcloseattention.Whatisclearlypresentedintheabove圖表類型isthatdramaticchangeshavetakenplacein主題詞1from年份1to年份2.Duringtheperiod,therewasamarkedjumpfrom數(shù)字1to數(shù)字2in事物1,whilethatof事物2declinedsignificantly/climbedslightlyfrom數(shù)字3to數(shù)字4.(假設(shè)有第三個事物，那么再簡單介紹第三個事物的情況EgWhatisclearlypresentedintheabovecolumnchartisthatdramaticchangeshavetakenplaceinmobile-phonesubscriptionsindevelopinganddevelopedcountriesfrom2000to2008.Duringtheperiod,therewasamarkedjumpfromlessthan1billionto4billionindevelopingcountries,whilethatofmobile-phonesubscriptionsindevelopedcountriesclimbedslightlyfromlessthan1billiontothemaximumat1billion.Whatisclearlypresentedintheabove圖表類型isthestatisticsof主題詞1.Theproportionof事物1accountsfor百分比1,rankingthefirst.Thepercentageof事物2rankssecondamongall,makingup百分比2.事物3occupies百分比3,rankingthird.Asfor事物4,wecanfindthatittakesup百分比4,lowerthanthatof比事物4占比大的任意事物.EgWhatisclearlypresentedintheabovetablegraphisthestatisticsofstaff’sjobsatisfactioninacertaincompany.Theproportionofpeoplebetween40and50yearsoldwhoarenotcontentwiththeirworkaccountsfor64%,rankingthefirst.Thepercentageofpeoplelessthan40yearsoldwhoareunsatisfiedwiththeirworkrankssecondamongall,makingup33.3%.Peopleover50yearsoldwhoarenotcontentwiththeirworkoccupies10%,rankingthird.第二段:原因列舉:Anumberoffactorscanaccountforthechangein.Tobeginwith,thephenomenonin,mainlyresults/arisesfromthefactthat.Anothercontributoryfactorofis.Therearemanycauses/factorsforthedramaticgrowth/decrease.Tobeginwith,.....Additionally,.Lastbutnotleastimportant,.利弊說明：TheadvantagesofAoutweighanybenefitwegainfromB.GoodasAis,ithasitsowndisadvantages.Foronething,it.Foranother,it.AlthoughAhasenormous/substantial/considerableadvantagesoverB,itcannotcompetewithBin.A’sadvantagesoundsridiculous/meansnothingwhenB’sadvantagesareconsidered.舉例論證：Numerousexamplescanbegiven,butthis/thesewillsuffice.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationthanthefollowingone(s).Thiscaseeffectivelyclarifiesthefactthat.Thisstorytellsusthat.第三段:歸納結(jié)論：Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat.Alltheevidencesupportsanunshakableconclusionthat.Itishightimethatweplacedgreatemphasison.Itishightimethatweputanendtotheundesirablephenomenonof.Thereisnodenyingthatfurtherattentionmustbepaidtotheproblemof.建議措施：It‘snecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.Hence,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasures/steps.Weshouldappealtotheauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolthisproblem.Weshouldenhance/cultivatetheawarenessofpeoplethatthisissueisvitalforus.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.Ibelievewehumanscanovercomethisdifficultyandwewillhaveabrighterfuture.Ⅴ.HowtoWriteaLetter信函：邀請信祝賀信致歉信感謝信申請信推薦信證明信求職信投訴信詢問信建議信介紹信訂購信求學信考過的話題：14年：去美國學習，給你未來同居一室的好基友John一封email，告訴他你的生活習慣，征詢生活建議〔建議類〕13你的班級打算舉行一個幫助弱勢兒童的慈善義賣，給你的同班同學寫email，告訴他們活動細節(jié)，鼓勵他們參與。〔建議類〕12假設(shè)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你之前在網(wǎng)上商店買的電子詞典出了問題，給客服中心寫一封email，投訴，并要求快速解決問題的方案?！餐对V類〕11假設(shè)你的堂兄弟或表兄弟李明被大學錄取，給他寫一封信，恭喜他，并就如何準備未來的大學生活給建議?！沧ＹR+建議類〕10你剛從美國回來，之前是中美文化交流工程的成員之一。給你的美國同事寫一封信，表達對他的接待的感謝，歡送他來中國〔感謝和邀請類〕可以用英語一真題來做練習：2005年辭去雜志社工作〔辭職類〕2006年資助失學兒童〔建議類〕2007年改良圖書館整體質(zhì)量〔建議類〕2008年對忘記歸還朋友DC表示抱歉〔抱歉類〕2009年給報社寫信提議控制白色垃圾〔建議類〕2010年招募志愿者〔招募類〕2011年給朋友推薦一部電影〔推薦類〕2012年給留學生的大學生活提建議〔建議類〕2013年邀請外教做英語演講大賽的評委〔邀請類〕2014年給校長寫信，如何改善學生身體健康狀況。寫出你覺得重要的細節(jié)。〔建議類〕高分作文賞析：2012年給留學生的大學生活提建議〔建議類〕DearInternationalStudents,Iampleasedtotakethisopportunitytowelcomeyoutoouruniversity.Youmustbeexhausted/drainedsinceyouhavehadalongjourneyfromyourhomecountrytoChinaandIamsure/certain/confidentthatyouwouldrecoversoonafterrestforcouplesofdays.Youarelookingforwardtothecampuslife,aren’tyou?Herearesomeusefultipsforyourfuturelifehere:First,takingpartinsocietywouldaddsomefun/spicestoyourlife,duringwhichyoucouldrubelbowswithothersandthat’shownewcontactsarebuiltandoldfriendshipgetsrefreshed.Second,classattendancewillbeseriouslytakenintoaccountintheevaluationofyouracademicperformance.Thus,don’tskipanylectureorexperiment.Finally,newlifeiscomingup.Justembraceandenjoyit.Wishyouallthebest.Yours，LiMing1Formationaddressbodycomplimentarysignatureaddress正式場合可用DearSir/Madam,收信人不明確的用ToWhomItMayConcern,收信人明確的用DearMr.Zhang/Dr.Lee/Prof.Wang/Mr.President1Structure第一段〔自我介紹；寫信目的〕第二段〔詳細內(nèi)容，〕第三段〔重申目的；a謝意b歉意c期待d祝?！车谝欢巍沧晕医榻B；寫信目的〕自我介紹：IamZhangWei,anundergraduate/postgraduatemajorinEnglish/Engineering/PhysicsinPekingUniversity.IamZhangWei,amemberofStudentUnion.IamZhangWei,asincereread